高中英语必修4第一单元复习与检测.doc

Unit 1重要词汇拓展1 achievement n.成就，功绩achieve v.达到，完成，实现2 welfare n 福利事业，福利3. project n.方案, 计划, 设计，工程, 企业, 事业，科研项目; 课外自修项目 vi. 伸出, 突出 设想自已处身于(into)4. specialist n.专家，专业工作者special adj.特殊的，专门的specialize vi.专攻，专门从事5. connection n.连接，关系connect v.连接6. condition n. 状况（不可数），条件（可数），环境（复数）on no condition 决不7.organization n.组织，机构，团体 organizevt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会，使有条理8.behave v.举止，表现behavior n.行为，举止9. shade n.阴凉处 v.遮住光线10. worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的 It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.worth adj.值，值得 be worth doing worthy adj.值得做的，可尊敬的 be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done11. observe v.观察，观测，遵守observation n.观察，观测12. respect v./n.尊敬，尊重，敬意respectable adj.值得尊敬的，正派的，体面地respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭敬的13. argue .v.争论，辩论argument n.争论，辩论 argued-adj 引起争论的14.entertainment-n 款待，娱乐 entertain-v 款待；招待，娱乐，抱有，怀着（想法、疑问）15. crowd n.人群，观众 v.挤满，使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的16. inspire v.鼓舞，激发inspired adj.受到鼓舞的，有灵感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人的inspiration n.鼓舞，灵感17 support v.支持，拥护supporter n.支持者，拥护者18.refer-vi 谈到，查阅，参考 19.intend v.计划，打算intention n.打算，目的，意图20.considerate adj.考虑周到的consider v.考虑，认为consideration n考虑，体谅considering prep考虑到21.kind adj 仁慈的，和善的，友爱的kindness n 仁慈，好意，善良22.deliver v.递送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演讲等）delivery n.投递，交货，分娩23.modest adj 谦虚的，谦让的，适度的重点短语梳理1 devoteto (doing) sth.把奉献给devote oneself to致力于，献身于 be devoted to专心致志于 2 human beings 人类3 move off 离开，启程，出发 4 lead alife 过着的生活5 crowd in 涌上心头，涌入脑海 6 look down on/ upon 蔑视，瞧不起7 refer to 查阅，参考，谈到 (其中，to为介词)8 by chance 碰巧，凑巧9. come across 偶遇，碰见 10. carry on 继续，坚持 carry out 实行，执行，完成11. be dressed in 穿着 dress as 打扮成 12.fight for 为.而战 fight against 与战斗13.put to death判死刑 14. concern oneself with关注 注意15.intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事16. in the shade of 在的树荫下，在的庇护下17.gain doctors degree 获得博士学位 18. be considered as 被看做. 19.take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事 20.do research on 做方面的研究21.mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着22. by now 直到现在重点句型再现1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。（spend+时间/金钱+doing sth 花时间或金钱去做某事）2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙；这才使她得以开始自己的计划。（only位于句首并修饰状语，句子要发生部分倒装，将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前）3 Following Janes way of studing chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.我们一行人将按照Jane研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜访他们。（-ing作方式状语。注意非谓语动词作状语时的区别：-ing主动/进行/延续，-ed被动/过去，to do主动/将来）4.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles 看起来她忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外研究。（It seemed that+从句：似乎是，看起来好像是。 as well as 还有）5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。（What made her succeed主语从句。了解what引导的名词性从句的译法，明白它们在句中的成分：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语）语法剖析（主谓一致）主谓一致，指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。二、练习21. -What does your brother look like? -_.A. He likes watching TV. B. He is disappointed.C. He is warm-hearted.D. He is tall and thin, with brown hair.22. The Smiths moved back to the country in _ 1990s and have been leading _ happy life ever since. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. 不填；a D. 不填；不填23. It was really _ of your brother not to play the guitar while you were preparing your lessons. A. modest B. outspoken C. considerate D. determined24. The organization, _ goal is mainly to improve womens position in the workplace, was founded in 1996. A. whose B. of which C. what D. of what25. -A naught boy kept talking in class. -Are you _ Mike? Its just like him to be so rude! A. coming across B. looking down to C. looking forward to D. referring to26. At that time, education _ for white settlers only and few black people had the chance to go to school. A. intended B. was intending C. had intended D. was intended27. Judging from the _ look of the students, the professor must be giving a really _ speech. A. inspiring; inspired B. inspired; inspiring C. inspiring; inspiring D. inspired; inspired28. My cousin Jim didnt _ himself at the party and thus left a very bad impression on the guests. A. behave B. observe C. support D. respect29. Please leave us your name and address and well have all the goods _ to your door. A. deliver B. delivering C. delivered D. to deliver30. -Dont forget to check behind the car before you move off. -OK,I _. A. dont B. wont C. will D. do31. Dont wake Doctor Thompson up unless it is a real _; he is too tired and needs a good rest. A. campaign B. emergency C. argument D. connection32. Hurry up, boys. Only at this rate _ able to afford a holiday. A. we may be B. may we be C. we can be D. can we be 33. It was the hard work and determination of the generation _ had changed the opinion of people towards Chinese. A. why B. when C. that D. which34. -If _ Im not in when Mary calls, can you take a message? -Of course. A. in return B. on purpose C. by chance D. in time35. Scientists across the world _ for many years about whether the planet contains large amounts of water. A. argue B. are arguing C. had argued D. have been arguing二、完形填空A daughter complained to her father about how hard her life was. She was 36 and wanted to give up. Her father filled three pots with 37 and placed them on the fire. The daughter looked at him in a strange way, 38 what he was trying to do. He then put carrots, eggs and coffee beans in each pot respectively without saying a word. Half an hour later, he 39 the fire. He pulled the carrots and eggs 40 and placed them in two bowls. Then he poured the coffee in another bowl. He asked his daughter to feel the 41 . She did and 42 that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and 43 it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to 44 the coffee. She frowned at the strength of the coffee. 45 , she asked, “What does it mean, Father?” He explained, “Each of them 46 the same 100 degrees of boiling water. 47 , each reacted differently.” “After going through the boiling water, the carrots became 48 . An egg is easy to 49 . But now its inside has become hardened. The coffee beans were 50 . After they were in the boiling water, they became stronger and richer. Which are you? 51 adversity knocks on your door, you should act like the coffee bean. The bean does not get its wonderful 52 until it reaches 100 degrees. When the water gets the 53 , it just tastes better. When things are at their worst and 54 are at their greatest, you should make more effort. Then you will win success. 55 , you will become soft with no strength like carrots or hardened like eggs with a stiff heart. 36. A. excitedB. satisfiedC. tiredD. shocked37. A. waterB. milkC. coffeeD. food38. A. realizingB. believingC. wonderingD. admitting39. A. turned offB. put downC. looked atD. set about40. A. upB. awayC. outD. in 41. A. eggsB. carrotsC. beansD. bowls42. A. notedB. answeredC. provedD. doubted43. A. fryB. cleanC. breakD. cook44. A. makeB. tasteC. pourD. offer45. A. PleasedB. FrightenedC. PuzzledD. Disappointed46. A. facedB. fearedC. causedD. knew47. A. ThusB. BesidesC. AnyhowD. However48. A. softB. freshC. greenD. big49. A. understandB. findC. moveD. damage50. A. uniqueB. strangeC. commonD. lucky51. A. BeforeB. ThoughC. BecauseD. When52. A. flavorB. colorC. timeD. role53. A. lowestB. deepestC. purestD. hottest54. A. rulesB. trailsC. valuesD. views55. A. On the contraryB. In other wordsC. As a resultD. In a word三、阅读理解 A.Jason had been watching the X Games on TV. Athletes from all over the world were competing in the most amazing sports. Just then his grandmother walked into the room. “I want to be extreme. Would you really let me do that? You always worry about my safety!” said Jason.“You will have to follow some rules,” said his grandmother. “You can only ride in the park-never on the streets. You have to promise to wear a helmet. If you hurt yourself too much, I have the right to take your skateboard away. Is it a deal?”“You bet!” Jason was so excited that he jumped off the sofa. A week later he had a board and a helmet.On Saturday, his grandmother dropped him off near the park. He was happy to have a grandmother who let him try new things.Kids in the park were moving quickly up and down the ramps. They flew into the air and landed as easily as birds. When he watched the X games, Jason felt like he was doing the tricks himself. But watching these kids up close, he knew that none of it was going to be easy. He felt a little bit scared.Very slowly he carried his board to the ramp. Taking a deep breath, he put his right foot on the board. He kicked off with his left foot. For a few seconds he glided along, just waiting to fall. Then he came to a stop. Kicking off again, he waited for the worst to happen. Again, he stayed up. The third time he kicked, lost his balance, and fell hard on his left knee.It hurt, but it was no big deal! Why had he been so scared? Now he felt calm because things had gone wrong, and he was fine!Next time, he kicked off harder and went fast and farther. “Excellent!” said a girl as she passedhim. “Extreme!” laughed Jason to himself. “Not quite.”56. Jasons grandmother agreed to let him try skateboarding unless _. A. he finished his homework B. he liked the sport C. he observed some rules D. he won a bet57. Jason jumped off the sofa because _. A. he was allowed to go skateboarding B. he was angry at his grandmother C. he was going to play outside D. he was given a board and a helmet58. After watching the kids skateboarding in the park, Jason felt skateboarding was _. A. easy B. difficult C. boring D. exciting59. The girl praised Jason for his _. A. skill B. honesty C. courage D. kindnessB.Jody Williams was born in Vermont in 1950. Like many teenagers of her generation, she became devoted to the idea of peace while being against the war in Vietnam when young.In late 1991, Bobby Muller, president of the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, called Williams to see if she was interested in working together to ban landmines worldwide. She was glad to make use of the opportunity to persuade non-governmental organizations to support this worthwhile idea. Millions of landmines remain buried in the ground in countries around the world long after the wars in which they were used have ended.In October 1992, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) was formally set up. The ICBL called for an end to the use, production, and trade of landmines. As the campaigns leader, Williams wrote and spoke widely on the landmine problem and the need for a total ban.Together with Shawn Roberts, she wrote a book that described the hidden costs of landmine use, such as the long-term effects of landmines. The landmines mean that people cannot travel or work safely. Land goes unused, causing unemployment and poverty. There is also the huge cost of treating landmine victims.Their efforts were rewarded in 1996, when a meeting hosted by the Canadian government agreed to write out an international treaty banning landmines. In December 1997, the treaty was signed, with the support of 122 countries. In five years, Jody Williams and the ICBL have achieved their goal of introducing a landmine ban. The Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee awarded Williams and the ICBL the Nobel Peace Prize in the same year.To date, more than 156 countries have signed the landmine ban treaty.60. Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A. Jody Williams served during the war in Vietnam. B. Bobby Muller put forward the idea of banning landmines. C. Jody Williams is 62 years old now. D. 122 countries signed the landmine ban treaty in 1997.61. Jody Williams book is about _. A. how to reduce the bad effects of landmines B. what the possible bad effects of landmines are C. how much it costs to remove the hidden landmines D. what the government can do to remove the hidden landmines62. An international treaty banning landmines was made in _. A. 1991 B. 1992 C. 1996 D. 199763. Whats the correct order of the following events? a. The International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) was officially set up? b. Bobby Muller called Williams to tell about his great idea. c. Over 156 countries signed the landmine ban treaty. d. Jody Williams received the Nobel Peace Prize. A. badc B. abcd C. bdac D. acbd C.He slept in my arms last night, with his little head on my shoulder. I stayed awake listening to his breathing. He smiled in his sleep, and I wondered what could be funny to a one-year-old baby. I could sense the safety he felt.However, my home life is completely different from the scene that greets me each morning at work. As a lawyer at Eastlake Juvenile Court, I always see kids that society has labeled the worst of the worst, the “thief”, the “robber”, the list goes on. But they are still children. As I sit across from them, I have a chance to talk to them about their lives, their homes, and their dreams. I sit through tears, I s