2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解议论文》含答案解析

20202020年高考英语专题训练年高考英语专题训练 阅读理解议论文 阅读理解议论文 一 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 Anger is an emotion that can be hard to control Despite this we should learn how to manage anger in a constructive manner In the most intense moments of anger we usually have two choices to fight or to run Some choose the option of violence which is a negative reaction to anger and others choose to run But the option of walking away and calming down is the more productive method of handling anger It is difficult to walk away especially when your heart is racing and your anger is boiling over There are some other constructive ways of handling anger in any situation First you have to stop for a brief moment and think before you act Take that moment and calm down if you feel yourself being pushed At that moment you should admit you are angry If you refuse to admit you are angry or hurt or if you make it appear that everything is all right you are not managing angry in a productive way You should first admit you are angry and let your feelings out before you blow up For example you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout or you can talk to close friends to pour out your rage 愤怒 If you do not acknowledge your anger it only builds up inside you and will eventually explode like a volcano Then in order to manage your angry you can ask yourself an important question that we all must ask ourselves What made me angry When you get the answer and then ask yourself Why did that made me angry Through such logical reasoning one tends to calm down and move towards a sensible solution 1 The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is to A provide an exampleB make a comparison C introduce a new statementD develop a previous statement 2 If people face anger A they know how to manage it B it is often quite hard to get away C they can only choose to fight or to run D they believe running means being a coward 3 It can be inferred from Para 3 and 4 that A one can handle anger by oneself or in groups B the first step of handling anger is to calm down C a person may handle anger by asking random questions D acknowledging anger will do harm to a person s health 4 The main purpose of the passage is A to tell readers what anger is B to explain why anger is hard to control C to show the importance of handling anger D to offer tips on handling anger 助读词汇助读词汇 emotion n 情感 constructive n 建设性的 intense adj 激烈的 productive adj 富有成效的 acknowledge vt 承认 explode vi 爆发 sensible adj 明智的 boil over 沸腾 爆发 blow up 爆炸 pour out 发泄 build up 积累 logical reasoning 逻辑推理 二 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 The secret to happiness is keeping busy research has found Keeping the mind occupied with tasks no matter how meaningless keeps off negative emotions the study found However the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy according to Professor Christopher Hsee a behavioral scientist at Chicago University In a study 98 students were asked to complete two surveys After they had completed the first they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to Whichever option they chose they received a chocolate bar It turned out that approximately two thirds 68 students chose the lazy option Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put Prof Hsee concluded that keeping busy helped keep people happy He said the findings reported in the journal Psychological Science had policy implications Governments may increase the happiness of idle 闲散的 citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless he proposed At the individual level he advised Get up and do something Anything Even if there really is no point to what you are doing you will feel better for it He added Incidentally thinking deeply or engaging in self reflection counts as keeping busy too You do not need to be running around You just need to be engaged either physically or mentally 1 Keeping busy can make people happy because A it can help people get rid of laziness B it can make people sleep better C it can help get rid of negative emotions D it can give people a sense of achievement 2 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage A The finding may contribute to politics B The officials have taken Prof Hsee s advice C In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby D Governments can increase citizens happiness by building bridges 3 What can we infer from the passage A Everybody is born to be lazy B Only by keep working all the time can you gain happiness C Prof Hsee s finding was published in Psychological Science D Keeping busy can add to the possibility of being happy 4 What is the author s purpose in writing this passage A To explain what happiness is B To advise people not to sit around C To advise people to do what they like to D To show people how to take life correctly 助读词汇助读词汇 behavioral adj 行为的 approximately adv 大约 propose vt 建议 individual adj 个人的 self reflection n 反省 occupied with 忙于 keep off 避开 negative emotion 负面情绪 stay put 留在原处不动 policy implication 政策意义 三 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 Too often we accuse others of not listening pretending that we ourselves are faultless yet we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven t listened carefully enough We get things wrong because we haven t quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it s to remember despite the benefit of notes exactly what everyone said But success depends on getting things right and that means listening Listening isn t the same thing as hearing it s not an effort actively It demands attention and concentration It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification it s always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong However if you allow your mind to wander onto something else even for a few minutes you ll miss what the speaker is saying probably at the very moment when he she is saying something critical And not having heard you won t know you ve missed anything until it s too late The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we re going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished We then stop listening Even worse this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness as once you ve decided what to say there s a fair chance you ll interrupt to say it Good listeners don t interrupt In fact it s often worth explaining the main idea of what you ve just been told before continuing to make your own points Nobody is offended by this and it shows you have listened well Above all be patient and accept that many people aren t good communicators It s helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they re speaking can reveal much about what they re saying Equally important you should put yourself in the other person s place it ll help you understand what they are getting at and form a response But don t be too clever Faced with a know all many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing 1 Which is the best title for this passage A Don t Be Too Clever B Be a Good listener C Don t Miss Anything Critical D Think of the Speaker 2 The underlined part can be best replaced by A what they imply B what they lack C what they attack D what they achieve 3 We know the following from the last paragraph EXCEPT A a number of people are not good at communicating B body gestures can tell a lot about what people are saying C we should think more of others while having a talk D faced with a know all we should try our best to be clever 4 What is the lesson we can learn from this passage A Don t accuse others of not listening while talking with them B We should blame ourselves for not understanding other C Listening inattentively may lead to your failure in talk D Think carefully of what you ll say before the speaker finishes 助读词汇助读词汇 faultless adj 完美的 无缺点的 quiz vt 询问 clarification n 说明 critical adj 关键的 reveal vt 透露 inattentiveness n 不专心 know all n 自以为无所不知的人 accuse sb of 指责某人 make come about 使 发生 additional information 进一步的信息 wander onto 游荡到 intellectually and emotionally 知性上和情感上 四 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good most would admit that their spoken English is poor Whenever I speak to a Chinese student they always say My spoken English is poor However their spoken English does not have to remain poor I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English First they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary However you can speak with a limited vocabulary if your attitude is positive Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know Second they re afraid of making mistakes Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous Yet students should remember that their goal should be fluency not accuracy Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly However in speaking your aim is fluency You want to get your message across to talk to someone in English as quickly and as well as you can even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense but it doesn t matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening You have one mouth but two ears All that hearing was necessary for you to start speaking Fourth most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor If you have this proactive outlook then you will see English opportunities wherever you go If you don t use your English beyond the classroom you ll forget what English you know Remember use it or lose it You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more 1 What can be inferred from the third paragraph A Don t be fluency Just be accuracy B Don t be nervous don t be shy Just write C Don t be afraid of making mistakes Just speak D Don t be shy don t be fluency Just listen and write 2 The last paragraph is possibly close to the meaning of A more hurry less speed B better late than never C silence is gold D practice makes perfect 3 To improve spoken English students should EXCEPT A try their best to enrich their vocabulary B try to avoid being afraid of making mistakes C pay more attention to listening before opening mouth D try to be as reactive as possible in learning English 4 The passage is most probably taken from a A teacher s diary B report on study C sports newspaper D movie magazine 助读词汇助读词汇 reactive adj 被动的 proactive adj 积极主动的 expand vt 扩大 tense n 时态 accuracy n 准确性 outlook n 看法 passively adv 被动地 get across 使 被理解 seek out 找出 搜出 make allowance for 体谅 五 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 Children now worry more about their parents spending too much time on their mobiles or computers than parents worry about their children Those who order their children to switch off televisions computers or mobile phones because they fear they are becoming addicted might need to take a long hard look at their own screen habits new research shows Almost 70 of children think their parents spent too much time on their mobile phone iPad or other similar devices a research found More than a third of children worry that their parents struggle to switch off from technology and a quarter of children surveyed openly accuse them of double standards when it comes to excessive 过多的 use of mobile devices televisions and computers One in five British children say their parents do not listen to them properly when they are together because they are so busy checking their emails or picking up work messages The survey was carried out by Opinion Matters a research agency for the New Forest National Park Authority The authority has recently begun providing facilities for visitors to hand in mobile phones tablets and other devices for fear that technology is invading 侵扰 family life and making it impossible for people to appreciate nature properly because they never switch off Dr Richard Graham a consultant adolescent psychiatrist and expert in technology addiction at Capio Nightingale Hospital in London said there is growing evidence that children are finding their parents preoccupation with communication technology increasingly worrisome Four in ten of the children surveyed admitted that they sometimes communicate with their parents by text email or social media even they are in the next room The survey found that six in ten parents worry their children are spending too much time glued to small screens at home but almost seven in ten children have the same fear for their parents Dr Aric Sigman told the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health conference that parents who cannot switch off risk driving them to a lifelong dependency on screens with striking similarities to alcoholism 1 How many children questioned worry their parents spend too much time on screens A One in three B One in four C One in five D Almost seven in ten 2 According to the Paragraph 3 we learn that A screen habits are ruining family life B parents have trouble receiving work messages C children do not listen to their parents properly D parents are openly accused of double standards 3 According to Graham what s children s attitude to their parents screen habits A Approving B Doubtful C Upset D Indifferent 4 What is the main purpose of this passage A To introduce the mobiles and computers to adults B To advise parents to spend more time on their children C To describe the difficulties today s parents have met with D To compare today s parent child relationship with that in the past 助读词汇助读词汇 device n 设备 facility n 设施 consultant n 顾问 evidence n 证据 迹象 preoccupation n 入神 dependency n 依赖 alcoholism n 酗酒 switch off 关掉 accuse sb of 指责某人 double standards 双重标准 when it comes to 当提到 carry out 实施 完成 for fear that 生怕 以防 glued to 盯住不放 striking similarities 惊人的相似性 六 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 There was once a lonely girl who longed desperately for love One day while she was walking in the woods she found two starving song birds She took them home and put them in a small golden cage She nurtured 养育 them with love and the birds grew strong Every morning they greeted her with a marvelous 动听的 song The girl felt great love for the birds She wanted their singing to last forever One day the girl left the door to the cage open The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage The girl watched anxiously as he circled high above her She was so frightened that he would fly away and she would never see him again that as he flew close she grasped at him wildly She caught him in her fist She seized him tightly within her hand Her heart delighted at her success in capturing him Suddenly she felt the bird go limp She opened her hand stared in horror at the dead bird Her desperate seizing love had killed him She noticed the other bird swinging on the edge of the cage She could feel his great need for freedom his need to fly high into the clear blue sky She lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air The bird circled once twice three times The girl looked delightedly at the bird s enjoyment Her heart was no longer concerned with her loss She wanted the bird to be happy Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder It sang the sweetest melody she had ever heard The fastest way to lose love is to hold on too tight the best way to keep love is to give it WINGS 1 Why did the girl save the two starving birds A To make money B To seek love C To protect other birds D To enjoy the songs 2 The underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 probably means A get ill B be tight C turn weak D become wild 3 What can we learn about the second bird A He was set free and sang songs in return B He pretended to stay in the cage C He managed to escape from the cage D He tried hard to help his fellow bird 4 The main purpose of the passage is to tell us A how to protect birds B how to nurture birds C how to keep your love D how to share your love 助读词汇助读词汇 starving adj 饥饿的 circle vi 盘旋 wildly adv 野蛮地 fist n 拳头 capture vt 抓住 melody n 旋律 歌曲 grasp at 抓住 delight at 为 而欣喜 long desperately for 非常渴望 七 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的阅读下列短文 从每题所给的A B C和和D四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 Life is hard even harder than anyone thought it would be When you were younger you dreamed of the world being your playground and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted Somehow though things haven t been that smooth sailing you wanted them to be The world seems to go against you and the last thing you want to hear is Cheer up Still there re a couple of things you might not notice about your situation Next time you re down maybe the following will provide motivation First not everything is bad It s a well accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational television ratings The fact that something is negative catches a lot more attention than something positive and that s because it s easy to see things in a negative light However that shouldn t distract you from the bigger picture Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity Remember that even though there s lots of really nasty stuff going on you re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well You should also rem