外研必修二Module4ReadingandVocabulary学案.doc

Reading and Vocabulary语言点精讲精练1. adopt v采取；采纳；过继；收养；通过；批准adoption n挑选，过继，采纳 adoptive adj有收养关系的，接受的 adopt ones methods of teaching 采用某人的教学方法adopt an idea 采纳意见 adopt a report 接受报告 adopt a child 收养孩子 指点迷津adapt“使适应，改写”；adopt“采取(态度，方法)，采纳，收养”。 Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。After much deliberation，the president decided to adopt her suggestion总经理经过再三考虑后，决定采纳她的建议。课标测评He failed to _ himself to the new environmentAadopt Badapt Cattach Dadjust解析：B。adopt“采纳，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“加入”；adjust“调整”。2. consider vt.考虑；照顾；认为consider + n. 考虑（打算）.consider +doing 考虑（打算）.consider+疑问词+to do 考虑（打算）.consider sb. / sth. (to be)+n.( adj.) 认为某人（某物）.consider sb. / sth. as 认为某人（某物）.She was considering how she should answer（how to answer)她在考虑她该如何回答。They considered Paris (as/to be) the brain and heart of the country.他们把巴黎看作是国家的大脑和心脏。指点迷津1) consider后接不定式作宾补或主补时，要用to be或to have done结构。2) consider后不能接to do作宾语。3) consider.as./think of. as./take. as./ look on.as./ regard.as. 把当作课标测评 Charlie Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented解析：C。本题考查consider的词义和用法。is considered to（is thought to.）“被认为”；句中的consider不作“考虑”讲，所以排除B、D两选项。invent的动作发生在过去，即is considered之前，所以应用完成式。故选C。The temple is still in excellent condition, _ that it was built 600 years ago.A. considering B. concerning C. regarding D. supposing解析：A。A用作连词或介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”。B、C用作介词，意为“关于，至于”；D用作连词，意为“假定，假设”。3. paint vt.vi. 1)vt. （用颜料等）绘画；描写，（用语言、文字等）描绘；（动词+宾语+宾补）油漆，着色于（用颜料等）绘画Mr. Black is painting a portrait for the church.布来克先生正为教堂画一副肖像画.The famous writer painted an exciting scene for the readers from all the world.那位著名的作家为全世界的读者描绘了一副动人的场面。The Greens were busy painting their smart house green during the last holiday. 格林夫妇在上个假期里忙于把他们美丽的房子涂成绿色。2)vi绘画After several years hard working, he can paints very well.经过数年刻苦的努力，他绘画水平很高。思维拓展painter (C) 画家；油漆工 a painter in oils 一位油画家painting (U) 绘画，绘画艺术；(C)（一幅）画，油画traditional Chinese painting 中国画课标测评His letters _ a wonderful picture of his visit to that country.A. write B. paintC. describe D. painting解析：B。他在信件中精彩的描绘了去那个国家的参观访问。paint在本句话中可与picture搭配意思是用文字描绘一幅图画。A、C均没有此用法，D的形式不对。因此答案B正确。4. aim n.目的，目标；瞄准 v. 力求达到，力争做到；瞄准；对准achieve ones aim 达到目的take aim at向.瞄准without aim漫无目的的with the aim of 以期.,意在.aim at doing sth. 力争做到aim at/for sth.力求达到be aimed at目的是，旨在Teamwork is required to achieve aims.要达到这些目标需要齐心合力。The gunman took aim and fired，but missed his aim.持枪歹徒瞄准后就射击了，但未能击中目标。We are aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.我们力争做到年底前人人得到培训。The book is aimed at very young children. 这本书的对象是幼童。 课标测评 When the smart hunter found _ aim in the distance，he took _ aim at it immediately.A. a; a B. a; C. an： D. an；an解析：C。考查冠词。由句意知，第一空aim为目标的意思，是可数名词，不能单独使用，故用an；第二空aim意为瞄准，是不可数名词，构成了固定短语 take aim at“把目标对准”，故不用冠词。5. for example Wearing something simple, for example ,a skirt and blouse .穿简单的衣服，一条裙子和一件衬衫。辨析：such as /that is /for example 1)such as 用来列举事物，常用在列举的事物和前面表示总称的名词之间，as后面不可以有逗号，但是所列举的事物只是总称中的事物的一部分，不能全部都列举出来如：My daughter knows three foreign languages ,such as English and French .我女儿懂三门外语，如英语和法语。2）如果需要把前面总成中的全部事物一一列举出来，就要用that is /namelyI have visited two countries ,that is / namely ,France and England. 我去过两个国家-法国和英国。3）for example 用于举例说明前面的名词，一般只列举同类事物中的一个，其位置可在句首，句末和句中，需要用逗号隔开，后面也可接句子，对前一句进行解释和和说明。Id like to keep a pet- for example a dog .课标测评 汉译英有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。_答案：There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.6. follow vt. 跟随，接着；沿着前进；听从，遵循；领会，听清楚follow ones advice听从某人的劝告follow ones instructions听从某人的教导follow the example of. 以为榜样Spring follows winter. 冬去春来。Follow the street until you reach the cinema.沿着这条街一直走到那个电影院。He never follows my advice.他从不听我的劝告。Do you follow me?你听懂我的话了吗？课标测评 英译汉Following their teachers，the students entered the teachers office._答案：跟在老师后面，这些学生进入了老师办公室。7. instead adv. 顶替，作为替代If Harry isnt well enough to go with you，take me instead.如果哈利身体不好不能跟你去，就带我去吧。辨析：instead / instead ofinstead为副词，表示“顶替，作为替代”，其字面意思常不译出，而是采用其他灵活方式。多用于句末，也可用于句首； instead of是个介词短语，表示“代替，顶替，而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等作宾语，表示被取代的内容。例如：He never studies；instead，he plays tennis all day.他从不学习，而是整天打网球Instead of the dictionary we wanted，he brought us the wrong one.我们想要的那本字典他没有带来。却带来了一本我们不要的。As he was ill，I went to the meeting instead of him.因为他病了，我替他去开会。课标测评 单句改错If I hadnt got a headache，Id be working instead lying here in bed.解析：在instead后加of。8 . observe vt. 看到，观察到，注意到；注视，监视；遵守（规则、法律等）；庆祝，祝贺The police observed a man enter the bank.警察注意到一个人进了那家银行。You should observe the local customs when you go abroad.到国外的时候，你应遵守当地的风俗。Do they observe Christmas in their country?他们国家过圣诞节吗？词语辨析: observe / watch / notice / see / lookobserve“观察”，从不同的角度长时间地看并研究；watch“看，观看，特别留意”，感兴趣地看运动着的东西；notice“看到，注意到，觉察到”，偶尔看到细小的但可能是重要的事情；see“看到，看见”，强调看的结果，有意或无意地看到，无进行时；look“看”，因想看而投注目光；不管结果如何。课标检测 He is greatly interested in _ the movement of starts.A. looking B. seeing C. observing D. noticing解析：C。observewatch carefully仔细观察，look强调看的动作，接宾语时加介词，see强调看的结果。即“看见，看到”，notice表示“注意到，留心”，不合题意。9. believe vt.相信 ，认为 believe sb. / sth 相信某人所说的话/某事believe that . 相信believe sb. to be / do.认为某人I believe you.= I believe what you say.我相信你所说的话。Long ago, people believed that the earth was flat.很久以前人们相信地球是平的。I believe the girl to be honest.我相信那女孩是诚实的。We can believe his words/ him/what he said.我们可以相信他。She believes him but she doesnt believe in him.她相信他的话，但是不信任他。 I trust you. = I believe in you.我信任你。课标测评：英译汉The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in human nose and throat._答案：这种流感被认为是容易在人类的鼻子和嗓子里繁殖的病毒引起的。10. imitate vt. 模仿; 以.做为范例,仿效 ；仿制;伪造Jane imitates the cuckoo.简模仿布谷鸟的叫声。I wish you would imitate your brother a little more.我希望你多学学你的兄弟。 It was some kind of plastic made to imitate iron.这是一种塑胶,但外观仿制得像铁。思维拓展imitation n.1. 模仿,模拟;仿造;伪造UI learned the song by imitation.我通过模仿学会了这支歌。2. 仿制品;赝品CThe vase is an imitation of the one in the museum.这只花瓶是博物馆那只的仿制品。adj. 人造的;仿制的;伪造的The man was wearing an imitation leather jacket.这人穿着一件人造革皮夹克。课标测评 汉译英他能维妙维肖地模仿他的老师。_答案：He can imitate his teacher perfectly.11. get tired of = be tired of 对感到厌烦She got tired of listening to this music.她不愿再听这个音乐了（听腻了）。辨析：be tired of / be tired withbe tired of对厌烦be tired with= be tired from因而感到厌烦I am tired from/with studying so long.学习时间太长，我累了。His wife was tired of his stupid excuses. 他的妻子对他的蹩脚的借口非常厌烦。课标测评Why did you close the door? Im tired _ to the baby crying. A. to listen B. of listen C. of listening D. listen解析：C。be tired of 对感到厌烦12. delight n快乐，高兴，喜悦vt使高兴；使欣喜delightful adj令人愉快的，可喜的delighted adj欣喜的，快乐的takefindhave (a) delight in 喜爱，以为乐to ones (great) delight 使某人(大为)高兴的是with delight高兴地；乐意地be delighted at (the news) 听到(消息)而感到高兴be delighted to do sth. / be delighted that-clause因而高兴It is a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事。To my great delight，my son passed the examination儿子通过考试，令我大为欣慰。The child takes great delight in mischief这小孩很喜爱恶作剧。She read the book with delight她读了这本书感到非常高兴。Her dancing delighted everyone她的舞蹈使人人高兴。They were delighted that the date of the conference had been fixed会议的日期定了，他们很高兴。课标测评_ to have a picnic here!AWhat great delight BHow great delightCWhat a great delight DHow a great delight解析：C。由句意知，此处delight的意思为“乐事”，是可数名词,感叹句中what修饰名词。13. be fond of 喜爱He is very fond of exercises, so he takes part in all kinds of sports in school.他非常喜欢运动，因此他在学校参加各种体育活动。辨析：be fond of / enjoy/ be delightedbe fond of 短语强调的是一种溺爱、十分喜爱、爱不释手之意。enjoy着眼于“欣赏、享受”be delighted侧重于“从中取乐、以为乐”，常和in连用，等于take a delight/pleasure in 。后面可跟不定式或that 从句。She was very fond of white.她非常喜欢白色。How did you enjoy your holiday?假期过的怎么样？I was delighted at the news.听到这个消息我很高兴。He was delighted that you were successful.他对你的成功感到高兴。课标测评Yong people are fond _rock music, some are even crazy _ it.A. of; of B. of; about C. about; about D. about; of解析：B。年轻人喜爱摇滚音乐，一些人甚至为它疯狂。 be fond of 与be crazy about (为狂热)均为固定搭配。故选B。14. develop an interest in 产生兴趣 Its important for a person to develop an interest in art from his childhood.从小对美术产生兴趣对一个人来说很重要。思维拓展这个词组中develop 可以换成have/ take/ show或be 意思是“对有兴趣”。He showed little interest in the conversation, in other words, he was not interested in it. 他在美术几乎没有显示出任何兴趣，换言之，他对谈话没有兴趣。课标测评 汉译英他已经长大了, 对集邮不再感兴趣了._答案：Hes grown up he no longer takes any interest in his stamp collection 15. alive adj. 活着的，生动的， 是一个表语形容词。1)作定语 一般放于被修饰词后2)作补足语 3) 作表语 Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今最伟大的人？Lets keep the fish alive.让这条鱼活着吧。He is dead, but his dog is still alive.他死了，但是他的狗仍然活着。辨析：alive / living /live alive 意“活着的，存在的，在世的”，多用于人，着重指虽有死的可能性，而仍活着，可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。用作定语时，常放在名词或代词的后面。不能用比喻的意义。如： He is the oldest man alive in the world他是活在世界上最老的人。 The child was found alive by the roadside这孩子在路旁被人发现时仍活着。 He is still alive他还活着。 living 意“活的、活着的、现存的”，着重指没有死的状态，可用于人和物。可用作比喻的意味。如： Mary was still living when John died约翰死时，玛丽还健在。 A living language should be learned orally一种活的语言应该通过口语来学习。 live 作形容词时，读laiv，意“活着的，生存的”，一般用于事物和动物。通常放在所修饰的名词前作定语。本词着重肉体的出现而不是描述照片、图画或死后还留在人心中的“活着”，当用于事物时，表示有生命的、有活力的。如： I saw a real，live Gipsy when I was ten我十岁时见过一个真正的活着的吉卜赛人。 Its dangerous to touch a live wire触摸带电的电线是最危险的。There will be a live concert on TV tonight. 今晚电视有场实况转播音乐会。课标测评Micheal Jordan is the top basketball player _.A. lively B. alive C. living D. live解析：B。 乔丹是现今在世的最优秀的篮球运动员。alive做后置定语表示在世的，活着的，。16. tell vt.告诉；辨别，识别，断定 tell作“辨别”讲时常与can, could, be able to 连用It was so dark that I could not tell it was you.天太黑了以至于我没有辨认出你你来。思维拓展tell the difference between 辨别区别tell apart 区分辨别tell A from B 区别A与BCan you tell the difference between the twins?你能分辨出这对双胞胎吗？I cant tell the twin sisters apart.我不能区分这对双胞胎姐妹。 课标测评：单句改错You must learn to tell right and wrong. 解析：把and 改为 from . tell right from wrong. 分辨是非对错。重点句式点击1. This is a painting by the Spanish artist , Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century. 这是西班牙画家巴勃罗毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是二十世纪西方最伟大的艺术家。此句为一个复合句。主句为This is a painting by the Spanish artist，而Picasso与the Spanish artist是同位语。由 consider引导的过去分词短语做定语修饰Pablo Picasso也即the Spanish artist思维拓展一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的