高二英语第三讲伟大的科学家(reading、语法和阅读练习).docx

第三讲 伟大的科学家（reading、语法和阅读练习）适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）90知识点过去分词做定语和表语教学目标1、知识：学习过去分词做定语和表语，并能够实际运用。2、方法：分析和理解文章中长难句以及高级句式，并学习仿写。3、能力：阅读和分析与科学家有关的文章。教学重点过去分词做定语和表语教学难点了解几位不同领域的科学家，进而帮助理解文章。复习预习1、单词和词组默写：1）conclude vi.终结；结束；推断；决定2）attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with出席；到场照看；照料=take care of; look after3）expose vt.使暴露，显露；曝光；揭露4）absorb v.吸收；使(精神)贯注；占用(时间)5）blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于；n. 责怪；(过失、过错等)责任6）instruct vt.教导；指示7）contribute vi. &vt.捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿8）put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名9）apart from 除之外；另外10）make sense讲得通；有意义知识讲解一重点语法讲解：过去分词作定语和表语(1) 过去分词做定语过去分词做定语，在语态上是_；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：English is a widely used language. (表被动)He threw away the broken cup. (表完成)This is one of the schools built in 1980s. (表被动和完成)Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices (表被动)注意：1）单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的前面，表示_和_的意义。The injured passengers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.There are some fallen leaves in the yard. The United States is a developed country. China has sent up many man-made satellites.2）过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。This is the best novel written by Xiao Ming. = This is the best novel that was written by Xiao Ming.Several guests invited to your birthday party didnt come.= Several guests who were invited to your birthday party didnt come.3）及物动词的过去分词表示_，只表示被动关系。polluted water= water which is polluted被污染的水reserved seats= the seats which were reserved被保留的座位trapped animal = the animal which was trapped被困住的动物不及物动词的过去分词_，只表示_，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。boiled water= water which has boiled开水fallen leaves= the leaves which have fallen 落叶risen sun= the sun which has risen升起的太阳(2) 过去分词做表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。The window is broken. 窗户碎了。Dont get so excited. 别这么激动。1）用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词；被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。试对比：The glass is broken.这只杯子是碎的。（表状态）The glass was broken by Tom.这只杯子是汤姆打碎的。（表被动）The windows are closed. 窗户是关着的。（表状态）The windows are closed by Jack.窗户都被杰克关上了。（表被动）2）表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如：interested,surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语，表示状态。其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。How did the audience receive the new play?They got veryexcited.How did Bob do in the exams this time?Well, his father seems pleasedwith his results.She was verydisappointedto hear the result.Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.二reading中重点句子分析 知识点1(1)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。【句法分析】neither nor 既不也不【典型例句】Neither you nor he knows about it. 关于这件事，你不知道他也不知道。【练习】Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.A. neither wont TomB. Tom wont eitherC. Tom will tooD. so will Tom(2)He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。【句法分析】not/never until 直到才【典型例句】I didnt get the news until last night. 直到昨晚我才听到这消息。【练习】Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A. did he begin B. had he begunC. he began D. he had begun(3)A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那个水泵的水，每天都叫人把水运到家里来。【句法分析】本句中so that 意为“如此以至于”，that引导结果状语从句；本句中had it delivered是have的复合结构用法，即“have+宾语+宾补”。【典型例句】He did the work so badly that I had to do it all over again myself.他干的活太差劲了，我只好亲自重做。The patient is going to have his temperature taken. 这个病人准备让人量体温。【练习】Youd better start early _ you can get there on time.A. so thatB. so as toC. such thatD. in order to考点/易错点2文章例句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。【句型】Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用部分倒装。【练习】汉译英就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵。_ Key: Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.考点/易错点3文章例句：He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it . 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转。【句型】with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等。【典例】With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。【练习】汉译英随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。_ 例题精析【例题1】 【题干】Prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying【例题2】 【题干】Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being given B. is givenC. givenD. was given【例题3】 【题干】Child remained _ long after they had been told the puzzling story.A. puzzling B. puzzledC. being puzzledD. to be puzzled【例题4】 【题干】There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added【例题5】 【题干】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished【例题6】 【题干】The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating【例题7】 【题干】“Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lost【例题8】 【题干】The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed【例题9】 【题干】Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD. interestedly【例题10】 【题干】New finished the run in less than half the time _.A. allowingB. to allowC. allowedD. allows同步训练【基础】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. You seem _ (frighten).2.Please be patient and remain _ (seat).3. I found this _ (break) cup on the floor.4. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man _ (name) Xiao Ming.5. She worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ (know) as 3M.【巩固】6. He told me about the things _ at the meeting yesterday. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. to discuss D. being discussed 7. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made 8. Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant9. Its a pleasure to watch the face of a(n) _ baby. A. asleep B. sleepC. sleeping D. slept 10. This is a temple _ during the Qing Dynasty. A. built B. to be built C. having built D. being built 【拔高】11.这本农民写的书非常受欢迎。12. 受到老师严厉惩罚的男孩现在是大学生了。13. 在昨天会议上讨论的问题很难解决。14. 大多数被邀请去参加聚会的艺术家都来自南非。15. 受到老师鼓舞的学生比以前更努力了。课堂运用1、句子理解练习: 英译汉(1) 他不但不知道发生了什么，而且也不关心。(2)直到他妈妈回来，他才睡觉。(3)他工作太努力了，以至于经常忘记吃饭。(4)只有用这种方法，我们才能尽快地达到目标。(5)点着蜡烛，我们将为她唱生日快乐歌。2、阅读练习Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on Mar. 14, 1879. Einsteins parents moved from Ulm to Munich when Einstein was still a baby. The family business was the manufacture of electrical parts. When the business failed, in 1894, the family moved to Milan, Italy. At this time Einstein decided officially to give up his German citizenship. Within a year, still without having completed secondary school（中学）, Einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to continue with a course of study leading to a diploma（文凭）as an electrical engineer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. He spent the next year in nearby Aarau at a secondary school, where he enjoyed excellent teachers and first-rate facilities（设备）in physics. Einstein returned in 1896 to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as a secondary school teacher of mathematics and physics. After two years he got a post at the Swiss patent （专利）office in Bern. The patent office work required Einsteins careful attention, but while employed（19021909）there, he completed an astonishing range of publications in theoretical physics. For the most part these texts were written in his spare time and without the benefit of close contact（接触）with either the scientific literature or theoretician colleagues. Einstein submitted one of his scientific papers to the University of Zurich for a PhD degree in 1905. In 1908 he sent a second paper to the University of Bern and became a lecturer there. The next year Einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the University of Zurich. By 1909, Einstein was recognized throughout German-speaking Europe as a leading scientific thinker.1. Which of the following shows the right order of the events that happened to Einstein? a. graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology b. moved to Milan c. got a post at the Swiss patent office in Bern d. worked in the University of Zurich e. studied at a secondary school in Aarau f. gave up his German citizenship A. c, b, a, e, d, f B . a, b, f, e, d, c C. b, f, e, a, d, c D. b, f, e, a, c, d 2. How many countries did Einstein stay in before he became successful? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 3. What did Einstein do when he was in the patent office? A. He paid little attention to his work.B. He wrote plenty of scientific works. C. He kept close contact with his friends. D. He read a lot of physics books. 4. Which of the following do you think played the most important role in Einsteins success? A. His school year in the secondary school in Aarau. B. His years in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. C. His years in the Swiss patent office. D. His PhD degree. 课程小结本节课的重点句型是：1、neither nor 既不也不2、not/never until 直到才3、so that如此以至于4、Only 引导的部分倒装5、with复合结构本节课的重点语法知识是：过去分词作定语和表语通过本节课的学习，学生应该掌握以上的5个重点句型，并且学会如何用过去分词作定语和表语。课后需要通过大量的练习来巩固课上所学的知识，真正做到学以致用。课后作业【基础】1. The Olympic Games, _in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing2. Did you attend the meeting _ yesterday? A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held3. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write4.The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table _ already for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid5.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished6. From the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked7. Hearing the_ news, we all felt_.A. encouraging; encouraging B. encouraged; encouraged C. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged8. As is known to us all, traveling is_, but we often feel_ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring. C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired9. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recorded D. having recorded 【巩固】1. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known2.With nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and fin