九年级语法专讲---宾语从句.docx

语法专讲二：宾语从句 宾语从句属于复合句的一种。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。要透彻学习宾语从句必须从连接宾语从句来学起。连接宾语从句也叫作“直接引语改为间接引语”。连接宾语从句必须注意三个主要方面的变化：时态，人称，语序。时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。人称：一主，二宾，三不变。（第一人称看主句的主语，第二人称看主句的宾语，第三人称不变）语序：从句用陈述句语序。 一、从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。I speak English very well. She said. She said that she spoke English very well.He said,The earth is round. _“I can help the poor boy raise some money” Mr Smith thought._2、 从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether（是否）。引导词有意义，但在从句中不做句子成分。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。 Do you have a knife? He asked me. He asked me if/whether I had a knife. “Are you teaching your son to learn English?” I asked Sally._“Do you like salad?” She asked Tom. _He says to you ,Can you fly a kite?_“Will you go there with me ?” Sally asked me ._3、 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 What 和who在从句中可以做主语或宾语，其他的都作状语，引导词都有意义，不能省略。Li Lei said,Why didnt he go to school? Li Lei asked why he didnt go to school.“What did you buy for me?” I asked Rose. _“Who are you waiting for?” She asked the boy.“When will you leave for your uncles city? ” My friend said to me . _“Why are you late again?” The teacher asked me. _“Where did you lived when you were in the small town?” _正对性训练：一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7 How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?8 Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. 二、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, anotherB. what, moreC. how ,otherD. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone宾语从句练习1 【时态】( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled宾语从句练习2 【引导词】( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 5 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. What B when C why D how( ) 7 He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose宾语从句练习3 【语序】( ) 1.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( ) 2.Please tell me _what last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( ) 3.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 5 Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 6 Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing宾语从句练习4 【语序】1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mend C. how he mendedD. what he mended4. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after5. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live6. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves7. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are8. The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings9. I cant understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansExercises: 用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句1.What is her name? (I dont know) 2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)3What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)4 Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)5 When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)6 What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)7 Whose box is it on the floor? (Im not sure)8 How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me) 9 She is a teacher. (I hear)10 Does her aunt live in Paris? (Im not sure) 11 Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)12 Who will come to join us? (Do you know) 13 My son is having a cold. (she said)14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I dont know)Exercises: 用所给动词的正确形式填空1、I wont return the book to the library because I _(not finish) reading it.2、As soon as he saw me, he _to speak to me. (stop)3、I hope he _(come) back in a week.4、It _(rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.5、The old man told the children _(not walk) in the rice fields.6、He told me he _(help) her with her maths the next evening.7、She said they_(know) each other for quite some time.8、If it_(not rain) tomorrow, we _(visit) the Poples Museum.9、John _(write) something when I _(go) to see him.10、Our teacher told us that light_(travel) much faster than sound.11、When I got to the cinema, the film _(begin)12、Mike asked me if we _(ask) any questions the next class.13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _(finish) doing your homework? 简化宾语从句的方法方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. _We decided that we would help him. _He promised that he would do it without any help._.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window._. I dont know what I should do next._.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ _？I asked him where I could buy this kind of medicine._.She taught me how she learned English._.方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. _.I asked Tom that he should see a dentist._.She wished that I could win the first prize._.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. ._.I heard that some boys were singing songs when I walked past._.She saw that a thief was stealing a ladys purse when she got on the bus._.巩固练习。1. He wont come. I think. (变为复合句) I _ think he _ come.2. “Do you wash your clothes yourself?” Tom asked the girl next to him.(改复合句)Tom asked the girl next to him _ _ _ her clothes herself.3. “Where does he live?” Mr Hu asked.(改为复合句)Mr Hu asked where _ _.4. Toms father saw him sitting on some eggs.(改为复合句)Toms father saw _ _ _ sitting on some eggs.5. Mrs White told Tom not to throw paper on the ground.(改为复合句) Mrs white told Tom _ _ _ throw paper on the ground.6. Please tell me where we show our tickets.(改为简单句，保持原意) Please tell me _ _ show our tickets.7. Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? (改为简单句，保持原意) Can you tell me the _ _ the post office?8. Rose doesnt know when they are going to repair the watch. (改为简单句)Rose doesnt know _ _ repair the watch.9. The teacher told the boys what they should do and how they should do it.(改为简单句)The teacher told the boys _ _ do and _ _ do it.10. The old man told that she must not take photos here.(改为简单句)被动语态巩固训练：1.They built a new school in the village last year.（改为被动语态）A new school _ _ in the village last year.2.In the old days people used teapots（茶壶） to make tea. （改为被动语态） In the old days teapots _ _ to make tea.3.This makes me feel thirsty.（改为被动语态）I _ _ _ feel thirsty by this.4.Did you buy this bike from the shop ? （改为被动语态）_ _ _ _ from the shop （by you）?5. Only this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldiers（改为主动语态）Only this year, The soldiers _ _ millions of trees.6. We should speak to old men politely. （改为被动语态）7. Old men should _ _ _ politely.7. The patients must be taken good care of by us.（改为主动语态）_8. Hes often seen to dance in his room, _ _ ?(反意疑问句)9. The photos were taken in Japan. (改为否定句)_ （改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）_ _ （对划线