高考英语从句总复习.doc

从句一 名词性从句（一） 主语从句2.引导词;（1)从句成分什么都不缺：thatwhetherif (whether一般跟or not 搭配使用，if不能)That the earth is round is trueWhether she comes or not makes no difference(2)从句成分缺人：whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)从句成分缺物：whatwhatererwhichwhicheverWho will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.关系副词：where:（什么地方），从句中缺地点状语when:(什么时候)，从句中缺时间状语why:(什么原因)，从句中缺原因状语how:(如何，怎样)，从句中缺方式状语Where he is from is the question nobody can answerShe dont know how she can get to the hospitalWhy he is late is he was ill yesterday3.主语从句的特殊形式:it做形式主语的主语从句结构(1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact an honor that（2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural obviouspossible that(3) it is 不及物动词从句 It seems happened that (4) it 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道It is said that据说It has been proved that 已证实练习1._asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.A.TheestimateB.TheestimateC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat 2._was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoD.What3._wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That4._you say now cant make up for what youve done. A.No matterB.Whatever C.HoweverD.That5.Although_happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.A.whichB.whatC.howD.it6._shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.A.ThatoccurredtoherB.SheoccurredthatC.ToherthatoccurredD.Itoccurredtoherthat7. Iamsurethat_shesaidiswrong.A.whichB.allC.thisD.What8.Welostourwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.A.thatB.whichC.itD.What15 DDBBB 610 DDDBD （二）宾语从句2.引导词(与主从一样)3.宾语从句的几种形式(4)动词+it+that结构It做形式宾语，代替that引导的宾语从句He has made it clear that he wont give up the opportunityWe consider it necessary that we should open out4.注意：（1）宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序（2）如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。He thought he was working for the people I heard she had been to the Great W all John hoped that he would find a job soon 但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化： 练习The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. （三） 表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。Thats what we should do.那是我们应该做的。4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。Thats because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表语从句的系动词有：1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配:come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though (if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because 注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。The truth is（that）I didnt go there. 事实是我没去那儿。考题1 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。考题2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004)A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。考题3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999)A. why B. when C. what D. where答案 A解析 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。考题4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情， 应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的后果， 由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引导对应的名词性从句)， 应填入引导词why。考题5 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由that引导对应的名词性从句。考题6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春)A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析 A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应， 充当表语从句。表语从句与宾语从句的关系不属于的宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。宾语从句 (1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。 时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。 连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。 表语从句 在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。 如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。 The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。 This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。 That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。 注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。 as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句。 She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。 It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。 1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because 10. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. whythat/what的区别1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble is_we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ . A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be 5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such高考练习1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is that_ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A. why B .what C. when D. where 2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. （1998 上海）A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. （06 全国）A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?(2003北京春) -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（2004湖北）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which答案 DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的区别 DBAAAC高考练习ABDAA（四） 同位语从句1. 同位语从句是修饰前面名词的从句。2. 引导词：that whether why who where how when. if 一般不引导同位语从句。The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 练习1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when11. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that13. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which14. There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose 15. We can see the same signs _ stand out throughout the city. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose Keys：1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 11-15 BBDAA二定语从句（形容性从句）（一） 限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语是指定语从句紧跟它所修饰的中心名词或代词之后，没有逗号分开。2. 引导词：分为关系代词和关系副词。（1） 关系代词引导的定语从句：that:指代人、事物，作主语、宾语，做宾语时可以省略who:指代人，做主语whom:指代人，做宾语，可以省略。它在口语和非正式用语中常用who代替，可以省略The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主语、宾语。做宾语可以省略whose:指代人、物，做定语，其后直接加名词He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物时常用以下结构代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2） 关系副词引导的定语从句：where：指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语Shai hai is the city where I was bornThe house where I live ten years ago has been pulled downwhen: 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to the schoolwhy: 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane注意:关系副词引导的定语从句都可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来代替Shai hai is the city wherein which I was bornI still remember the day whenon which I first came to the schoolPlease tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane3. 注意(1) 限制性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况：A 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时 ，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done. B 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰,如：firstlastnext等 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. C 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. D 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. E 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (3) 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising练习1. All these activities can serve as a platform _ you might find the one you love. A. which B. that C. where D. when2. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _ they cannot work out. A. that B. if C. in order thatD. as3.Are you going somewhere during the winter vacation? Yes, Ive found a nice beach _ I can enjoy swimming even in February. A. that B. when C. where D. which4. In the end, it was Becky _ he turned for a gentle word and a smile. A. on whom B. in whom C. to whom D. for whom5. In Western culture, 21 was the age _ young people traditionally received a key to their parents door, as a symbol of entering adulthood. A. in which B. on which C. at which D. to which6. The knee is the joint _ the high bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. A. when B. where C. which D. that7. Human facial ex