地市中考英语短文改错考点详解及真题解析.doc

地市中考英语短文改错考点详解及真题解析 一.中考英语短文改错考点非谓语动词错误 非谓语动词包括不定式、分词、动名词3种形式。如：(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it possible by invent the scuba machine. (杭州市中考题)说明invent改为inventing，inventing是动名词，作介词by的宾语。(2) Many people like travel by air， but Jims family think that traveling by train is the best. (杭州市中考题)说明travel改为to travel或traveling，不定式或动名词作动词like的动词宾语。(3) Many countries began look for ways to go into space. (广元市中考题)说明look改为looking或to look，不定式或动名词作动词began的动词宾语(4) School children walked with their shirts，coasts and anything else they could find pull up over their noses. (苏州市中考题)说明pull改为pulled，“with+宾语+动词的过去分词”结构作伴随状语，with结构中宾语与动词之间是逻辑被动关系。(5) The people of the desert have to keep move from place to place. (重庆市中考题)说明move改为moving，keep doing sth有“继续做某事”的意思。二. 中考英语短文改错考点比较等级错误(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. (杭州市中考题)说明cheap改为 cheaper， much， far， still， a little， a bit修饰形容词或副词的比较级，加强语气。(2) They made people healthier and live long. (广元市中考题)说明long改为比较级形式longer，与healthier是平行结构。形容词、副词的误用主要指形容词，副词的混用。(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.说明good改为well，well作副词，修饰动词worked.(4) By this time most people had a very well life. (广元市中考题)说明well改为good， good作形容词，修饰名词life.三. 中考英语短文改错考点句法错误1. 并列连词的混用(1) The world was known to man and the universe was not. (广元市中考题)说明根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea， but wanted to be an explorer. (杭州市中考题)说明根据行文逻辑，表示转折关系的but 应改为表示并列关系的and.(3) They would never refuse to help people in trouble， but they would give them food and water. (重庆市中考题)说明根据行文逻辑，表示表示转折关系的but 应改为表示并列关系的and.(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing， and he has not yet been to many other parts of China. (杭州市中考题)说明根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.(5) “So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean，” said the scientists. (苏州市中考题)说明根据行文逻辑，表示选择关系的or 应改为表示并列关系的and.(6) “ I know only a chicken is too little for a kings evening meal. But I have brought a wolf for you besides the chicken.” (郴州市中考题)说明根据行文逻辑，表示表示转折关系的But 应改为表示因果关系的So.2. 连接词的用法错误这类错误考查句子与句子之间的关系。连接词的使用错误往往会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，甚至造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对上下文有总体的理解，头脑中有个大概的框架。如：(1) They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. (杭州市中考题)说明根据句子的意思将after改为before，表示“他们坐汽车去峨眉山之前，愉快地坐火车先到了成都”。(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast， they will work better. (镇江市中考题)说明在 that 后增加if 或when .在表语从句that if / when they eat a light breakfast， they will work better中，包含有if或when引导的状语从句，修饰句子they will work better.句子翻译成：(实验) 结果是如果他们少量地吃点早餐，会工作得更出色。(3) Its different from how people think. (镇江市中考题)说明将how 改为what，what people think是一个宾语从句，疑问代词what在从句中充当宾语，有“的”之意。四. 中考英语短文改错考点时态与语态错误1. 时态考点错误时态错误几乎是短文改错中必设的改错题类。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。如：(1) “You are my younger brother. You had it at first.” (郴州市中考题)说明had 改为have，因为这是一个一般现在时态的句子。(2) Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family. (杭州市中考题)说明goes改为went，与一般过去时态的时间状语last week保持一致。(3) Not too long ago， people cant go scuba diving on Hainan Island， or anywhere else. (杭州市中考题)说明cant 改为couldnt，与一般过去时态的时间状语not too long ago保持一致。2. 语态考点错误汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动意义，因而有些考生对被动语态不敏感。如：(1) “Many thousands of trees must be plant every year，” he said. (安徽省中考题)说明plant改为planted，构成被动语态。(2) “Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought” (苏州市中考题)说明sweeping改为swept，构成被动语态。(3) He also was liked to make videos.说明将was删去，因为这不是一个被动句。五. 中考英语短文改错考点一致性错误1. 主谓一致句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上不一致是改错题型中最为常见的。如：(1) This were because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time. (杭州市中考题)说明指示代词this作主语，谓语动词用单数，因此将were改为was.(2) The desert people is friendly. (重庆市中考题)说明people作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数，因此将is改为are.2. 名词单、复数与其修饰词或上下文保持一致名词的单、复数与其修饰词语或上下文不一致也是中考常设的改错题。做这类题目时要注意名词是否与其修饰语一致。如：(1) The animals are useful to the desert people in many way. (重庆市中考题)说明名词way改为ways，与前面的修饰词many一致。(2) As he explored the sea， he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. (杭州市中考题)说明thing改为things，与前面的修饰词many一致。有的名词一般不用复数形式，但受到某些量词，如many， several， a number of， a variety of等修饰时，要变成复数形式。(3) They were given kinds of breakfast， and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. (镇江市中考题)说明修饰语kinds of常修饰复数名词，所以breakfast应改为breakfasts.表示事物类别时，名词用复数形式。(4) School child walked with their shirts， coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. (苏州市中考题)说明child改为children，表示名词类别“学生”;nose改成noses，与限定词their保持一致。(5) The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. (广元市中考题)说明disease改为diseases，表示名词类别“疾病”。3. 代词与其修饰的名词或其先行词保持一致(1) Too many trees have been cut this years. (苏州市中考题)说明this改为these， 与后面的复数名词years保持一致。(2) They use camels for carrying water， food， tents and another things. (重庆市中考题)说明another改为other， 因为another常修饰单数可数名词。代词的主要功能是指代前面出现过的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词一定要同它所指代的词在单复数、格或人称上保持一致，这是代词改错的核心。(3) He bought a ship and used them to explore under the sea. (杭州市中考题)说明them改为it，指代前面的单数名词a ship.六. 中考英语短文改错考点固定搭配错误(1) When there is not more food for their animals， they move to another place. (重庆市中考题)说明not改为no， 固定词组no more表示“不再”的意思。(2) Its because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch. (镇江市中考题)说明very改为so，so+形容词 / 副词+that结果状语从句。(3) This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time. (杭州市中考题)说明for long time改为for a long time，表示“一段时间”。(4) Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea， 说明on改为 in，固定词组be interested in表示“在(方面)有兴趣”。这是一个介词(固定搭配) 方面的错误，介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配、介词惯用词组等方面产生的错误。如：(5) On my way home， I found an old man walking in the front of me. (娄底市中考题)说明介词短语in the front of 表示“在的前部”，而in front of 则表示“在的前面”。(6) We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work. (安徽省中考题)说明between改为among， between表示“两者之间”， 而among则表示“三者或三者以上之中”。(7) And he ran slowly that he couldnt catch it. (娄底市中考题)说明在ran与slowly两词之间加so.七. 中考英语短文改错考点易混词错误1. 混淆词性的错误词性错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词的误用上。考生做这类改错题，要根据词在句中所处的位置来确定其词性是否正确。一般说来，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，副词修饰形容词。如：(1) The animals are use to the desert people in many ways. (重庆市中考题)说明use改为useful，useful是形容词，作表语。(2) The desert people are friend. (重庆市中考题)说明friend改为friendly，friendly是形容词，作表语。2. 混淆词义的错误英语中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似，但是它们的用法却迥然不同。如：(1) They must always watch for grass or desert plants for their animals. (重庆市中考题)说明watch 改为look.两个动词都表示“看”的意思，但前者表示“很注意地”看，后者与介词for 连用有“寻找”之意。(2) We visited him at his workplace among the young trees and told him about his work. (安徽省中考题)说明told改为asked.根据上下文，用asked“询问”更合适。(3) The wind was blowing so hardly. (娄底市中考题)说明hardly改为hard，这两个词词形很接近，但它们表达的是不同的意思，hardly是否定副词，有“几乎不”的意思，而hard则表示“猛烈地”之意。(4) We know that the first part of the 20th century saw more large inventions： the helicopter in 1909， movies with sound in 1926， the computer in 1928 and the jet plane in 1930. (广元市中考题)说明large改为great.large表示 “(体积) 大”，而great则有“伟大的”的意思。3. 混淆用法的错误还有一些在意义，概念上容易混淆、用错的词，如：such 与so， ago与before， as与like， many 与much等。如：(1) Too much trees have been cut these years， making the sandstorm problem worse. (苏州市中考题)说明much改为many，前者常用来修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词。八. 中考英语短文改错考点时态动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致。例1：The time passes quickly. Evening came. So all of us went home.分析：第二句动词came 及下文其他动词的形式表示此处时态为一般过去时，所以passes应改为passed.例2：Last Sunday， police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.分析：Last Sunday表明该句应用一般过去时，所以hurry应改为hurried.例3：Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.分析：in the past表示过去时间，is应改为was.例4：I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football.分析：从“but now”的逻辑性可看出，“现在我对足球感兴趣，打乒乓球是在过去”，所以use应改为used.九. 中考英语短文改错考点主谓一致与平行结构一、主谓一致谓语动词的单复数形式要与句子的主语保持一致。例1：Anyone may borrow books， and it cost nothing to borrow them.分析：it为单数，且根据句子前面的时态可知为一般现在时，所以cost应改为costs.例2：Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析：my picture and the prize为复数，所以is应改为are.二、平行结构在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配。平行结构常借助于and， but， or， not onlybut also 等连词。例如：There is no water and air on the moon.分析：在否定句中，并列成分的列举用 or 不用 and.故将 and 改为 or.例2：Li Ping is too young that he cant join the army.分析：sothat 意为“如此以致”，为固定句式，故将too改为so.例3：It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.分析：根据and的对称性原则，应将drove改为drive，与前面的meet一致。十. 中考英语短文改错考点介词考点介词在单句改错中主要考查介词与动词或副词的误用，以及在固定结构和习惯用法中的多余与遗漏。例如：例1：There are too many people among my family.分析：among后应接复数名词，而family为单数名词，所以among应改为in.例2：We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.分析：talk后边无宾语，所以应删去 about.例3：I wanted to thank you for have me in your home for the Summer holidays.分析：for为介词，后接动名词，have应改为having.例4：So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time.分析：this time为习惯用法，前边不可加介词，故应去掉in.十一. 中考英语短文改错考点连词考点连词使用不当会造成上下句不衔接。英语中连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。若句子为复合句，首先判断是何种从句，然后根据主从句之间的关系判断连接词使用是否准确，是否有遗漏或多余现象;若句子为并列句则要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步关系。例如：例1：The food was very expensive and the service was good.分析：前后语境为转折关系，所以and 应改为but.例2：It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.分析：认真分析语境可知该句句意为：当我们到达山脚时大约已是正午。显然noon后应加连词when来引导一个时间状语从句。例3：She was smiling but nodding at me.分析：smiling， nodding为递进式并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以but应改为and.例4：It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.分析：该句句意为：看起来我的父母亲把我当成了参观者或客人了，所以and应改为or，表“或者”，属选择性逻辑关系。十二. 中考英语短文改错考点形容词与副词考点在单句改错中，形容词和副词的设错主要用来考查考生是否能根据形容词、副词在句中的位置及其他词的修饰与被修饰关系来判断词的正确使用形式，是否能辨别形容词和副词的混淆使用，形容词的比较等级是否使用正确等。例如：例 1：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.分析：time 为名词，应用形容词修饰，所以 wonderfully 应改为 wonderful.例2：No one worries much about the radio programs young people listen to，although radios can be very noise.分析：be 为连系动词，应用形容词修饰，所以 noise 应改为 noisy.例 3：He is taller than any student in his class.分析：同一范围内，形容词的比较级必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，故需在 any 后加 other.例4：This box is very heavier than that one.分析：比较级前面一般不能用very，so，too，quite等作修饰词，但为了表示比较级的程度，可以用much，a lot，a little，a bit，even，still等作修饰词，所以将句中的very去掉或将其改为much等。十三. 中考英语短文改错考点代词考点代词的错误主要表现在是用宾格、主格还是所有格，是用反身代词还是物主代词等;代词所指代的内容要与先行词在性和数方面保持一致，要与其自身的指代在意义上保持一致。例如：例1：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.分析：the Smiths意为“史密斯一家人”，根据主语为复数，his应改为their.例2：And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.分析：根据从句主语we及句意可知，主句主语they应改为we.例3：The day before the match，English teacher talked to me.分析：English teacher为可数名词，前面缺少限定词修饰，根据句意可知应在 English teacher 前加上my.例4：One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.分析：showed后应加it，代替前面的a little story.十四. 中考英语短文改错考点冠词考点冠词是英语中特有的词类。由于汉语中没有与之相对的词，所以冠词的考查一直是中考的热点。冠词的常见考点有：不定冠词a， an与定冠词的误用;冠词的泛指与特指;固定搭配和习惯用法中冠词的有无等。例1：As everyone knows， its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.分析：根据语境，该句含义为“众所周知，这是一座名山，上面有着各种动植物”，因此famous前应加不定冠词a.例2：Good health is persons most valuable possession.分析：根据语境，该句含义为“健康的身体是一个人最大的财富”，因此person前应加不定冠词a.例3：Each player must obey captain， who is the leader of the team.分析：captain后有定语从句修饰，明显表特指，所以 captain 前边应加定冠词the.例4：Suddenly， I caught a sight of my English teacher.分析：catch sight of 为习惯表达，应删去句中的a.例5：We may be one family and live under a same roof.分析： the same 为习惯表达，a 应改为the.例6：My teacher advised me to keep my diary.分析：keep a diary为习惯表达，所以my应改为a. 中考英语短文改错模拟训练试题及答案解析（3） 东方网教育 2009年04月22日14：04 来源：中考网 Thank you for your offer invite me to the free 1. _ summer English course in your school. As for my 2. _choice of the two courses， Id prefer the five-weeks 3. _course for 50 hours. This would allows me more 4. _time to see your beautiful country while learned 5. _language. Id like to do some traveling and make 6. _a few new friends. In all the subjects Im learning 7. _at school， I like English best. I hope me to take this 8. _chance to improve my spoken English level as much 9. _as possibly. I believe I will have a wonderful time 10. _in England this summer.【答案解析】1. 把invite改为inviting。现在分词作定语修饰offer。2. 此行正确。3. 把five-weeks改为five-week。“数词+连字符号+名词”作定语，其中的名词要用单数。4. 把allows改为allow。在助动词will， would及情态动词can， may， must等后面，永远要用动词原形。5. 把learned改为learning。while learning=while Im learning。6. 在language前加the。特指英语这种语言。7. 把In改为Of。subjects“科目”，English是其中一个“科目”，表示最高级的比较范围，若是整体与个别的关系，就用of。指时间、地点范围，才用in。8. 去掉me。主语希望自己做某事，直接用hope to do sth，事实上，也不能用hope sb to do sth这一句型。9. 去掉level。这是中文式英语。improve=makebetter。10. 把possibly改为possible。asas possible(尽)是习语。 中考英语短文改错模拟训练试题及答案解析（2） 东方网教育 2009年04月22日14：03 来源：中考网 I live in the country and my father was a farmer. 1. _ He is now forty-five year old. Because of years of 2. _hard work， he looks old than his age. When I was 3. _young， he is used to tell me the importance of study. 4. _Father knows little about English and other subjects， 5. _but he usually gives me some good advices on how 6. _to learn my lessons good. He is not only kind to me 7. _but also very strict in me. With his help， Ive made 8. _great progress. Ill never to forget what he taught 9. _me. I think my father is best father in the world. 10. _【答案解析】1.was 改为 is。根据上下文的时态可知。2. 第一个year改为years。因它受 forty-five 的修饰。3. old 改为 older。因其后有表示比较的 than。4. 去掉is。比较：used to=过去经常，be used to=习惯于。5. 此行无错。6. advices 改为 advice。advice 为不可数名词。7. good 改为 well。修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。8. in 改为 with。be strict in后接某事，be strict with后接某人。9. 去掉to。因助动词will后要接动词原形，不能接不定式。10. best 前加 the。形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词。 中考英语短文改错模拟训练试题及答案解析（1） 东方网教育 2009年04月22日14：00 来源：中考网 Weve just moved in a house and we want to 1. _ buy a new color television set， and Im not 2. _sure about a size. Maybe we should buy a big 3. _one. If we buy a small one， we might have 4. _to change for it in a few years time for a bigger 5. _one. My husband thinks its no necessary to buy 6. _a very big one. He said our sitting room isnt very 7. _big. If we put in a very big television， they will 8. _be bad for our eyes. Anyway， wed better to make 9. _quick decision because the price may go up soon. 10. _【答案解析】1. in改为into。in“在里”表静态的位置；而into则表动态的位置，意为“进入”。2. and改为but。前后句之间是转折关系。3. a改为the。这里表特指，指要买的电视机的大小。4. 此行正确。5. 去掉第一个for。“把A物换成B物”的英语表达是change A for B。文章中该句句意为“几年之后就要把小电视换成大电视”。6. no改为not。因为no是形容词，修饰名词，而necessary是形容词，所以要用副词not来修饰。7. said改为says。因为上下文都是用的一般现在时，这里指现在的思想，现在的想法。8. they改为it。这里指的是the big television。9. 去掉to。had better后接动词原形。10. quick前加a。make a decision意为“作出决定”。2010年中考英语短文改错模拟训练试题及答案解析52009-09-14 09:24 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 打印 评论 I have come in China for two years. My friends in 1. _ England sometimes write to me, ask me how long 2. _ Ill stay here, when Im thinking of returning 3. _ home. The answer of their questions is simple: I 4. _ do not know when I return home. At the moment， 5. _ I have no reason to return back to England. I like 6. _ living in China; I enjoy meeting Chinese people 7. _ and travel around the country. My work is very 8. _ interested, and there are so many things I dont know 9. _ about China that I hope to discover it in the future. 10. _ 【答案解析】1. 将come改为been。come是终止性动词，不与时间段连用。2. 将ask改为asking。现在分词作伴随状语。3. 在when前加and。when引导的从句与how long引导的从句是两个并列的宾语从句(作asking的宾语)。4. 将of改为to。在answer，key，way，entrance等名词后，习惯上用介词to。5. 在return前加will。这是将来时。注意：不要误以为when引导的是时间状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时。事实上，when引导的是宾语从句。6. 去掉back或将return改为go。因为return=go back。7. 此行正确。8. 将travel改为traveling。因为traveling与meeting并列，作enjoy的宾语。9. 将interested改为interesting。表示某事物“令人的”用-ing形容词;-ed形容词则表示某人“感到的”。10. 将it改为them。因为此处是指many things。中考英语短文改错模拟试题及答案（4）2009-11-18 14:07:27 来源：网络 网友评论 0 条 but now I live in Beijing when she lives in 1. _ Guangzhou. We dont look each other very often， 2. _but were keep in touch all the time. I often write 3. _to Mary and telling her about the things that4. _are happened at my company， and she often 5. _writes to me about her work. We talk on phone6. _once a week. Sometime I call her on her 7. _car phone， or we send e-mail to each other. 8. _Were really luck. There are so many ways 9. _we can keep in touch with each other. 10. _【答案解析】1. all改为both。指Mary和作者两个人。2. when改为and或while。因为两个分句没有主从关系。而是并列关系，或者有对比或对照的含义。3. look改为see。因为此句意为“两个人不能经常见面(see)”。4. 去掉keep或把were改为we。因为keep是动词，若不是进行时态或被动语态，动词前不用be，但句中没有动词时必用be。所以去掉keep或去掉are，5. telling改为tell。tell和write是并列谓语。6. happened改为happening。因为这是现在进行时态。7. phone前加the。因为on the phone是习语，意为“用电话(交谈)”。8. Sometime改为Sometimes。此处表示“有时候”，而不是表示“某个不定的时候”。9. 此行正确。10. luck改为lucky。用形容词作表语。9. 去掉to。had better后接动词原形。10. quick前加a。make a decision意为“作出决定”。一.中考英语短文改错考点非谓语动词错误非谓语动词包括不定式、分词、动名词3种形式。如：(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it possible by invent the scuba machin