高考英语作文专题讲座.doc

高 考 英 语 作 文 专 题 讲 座 高 考 英 语 作 文 专 题高三英语备课组 课型：2008年高考第二轮复习（专题训练）课题：高考英语作文专题讲座教学目标：知识目标：准确的使用语法和词汇，使用一定的句型和词汇，清楚连贯地表达自己的意思。能力目标：仔细地阅读作文提示部分及图画、表格、图表所给的信息，确定文章的文体、主题、人称、时态及结构。情感目标：根据自己的实际情况，用简洁准确的语言清楚、连贯的表达自己的意思；或用高级优美的句型、自然的过渡、浑然一体的表达来获取高分。教学方法：分析讨论；总结归纳；讲练结合教具：多媒体教室教学过程：一高考信息摘录：书面表达已不在是传统意义上的作文了，它要求考生在给出的特定情景下按照要求进行书面表达。这种形式可以考察出考生的书面表达水平，同时又能够有效的保证评卷的客观、准确性。高考英语作文的写作是中学英语教学与测试发展的必然趋势。议论性的写作模式也必然是未来高考书面表达的主流形式。冲刺阶段加强对书面表达的训练是会有回报的。可以背诵一些比较好的作文，以便写作时有足够多的资料。训练写作时，一定要注意篇章布局的合理性以及是写的整洁性，要充分重视非水平因素影响得分的可能性。基础较差的同学要重点抓语言表达的准确性；基础较好的同学可重点突出语言表达的多样性、丰富性、感染性和生动性。所有考生都应该注意内容要点的完备性和文章结构的紧凑性。二考场作文的应试策略：1 认真审题，读懂信息，确定要点，列出提纲。2 语言准确，文理通顺，善于变通，切勿直译。3 长度适中，书写工整，善用句型，认真复查。三高考书面表达的命题形式、文体形式及选材内容2007全国书面表达一览表 地区 写作内容命题形式 文体2007天津怎样保护眼睛文字形说明文2007山东陈述你是否成为一名自愿者的理由文字形议论文2007广州写信表达你对父亲的祝福和感恩文字形应用文2007全国为一家宾馆写一份宣传搞文字形应用文2007江苏写一份发言搞文字形应用文2007湖北写份邀请信文字形应用文2007陕西谈暑假打工的利弊文字形议论文2007福建给英文报社写封信文字形应用文2007湖南写毕业留言文字形叙议文2007浙江讨论你喜欢的英语授课形式文字形议论文 2007江苏一个有关体育锻炼的发言搞文字形应用文 2007重庆一封对病人的慰问信文字形应用文 2007北京写信介绍竞选班长的过程文字形应用文 2007江西写一篇演讲搞文字形应用文1 书面表达在高考中所占比重相对较大，且逐渐增加。2 命题形式多样，主要有文字、图表或图画的形式，根据提示写100-120词的短文。3 文体形式灵活。从近年的书面表达题来看，有书信，日记，故事，人物介绍，通知，演讲搞等，涉及多方面的内容。4 选材内容贴近学生生活。写考生熟悉的人和事，对于考生来说，较容易下手，也有利考察学生的实际英语表达能力。如2007年广东考题为写信表达对父亲的感恩和祝福，浙江写你喜欢的英语授课形式，湖南写的是毕业留言，等等。这些考题都非常贴近考生的生活，让考生觉得有话可写。由此我们不难看出和学生生活密切相关的话题都可能成为高考书面表达的选题范围，这点在2007年高考英语书面表达中反映特别明显，且以实用为主要向导。2004-2007年全国各地的书面表达中，看图作文共13篇，书信共16篇，记叙文2篇，说明文共5篇，而2007年全国各地书面表达中，出现频率最高的就是书信，共6篇。根据以上统计及考纲要求，今后写作的方向仍然是应用文为主，采取夹叙夹议的方法。内容上也将继续贴近学生的实际生活，即越来越实用，并能反映出学生的实际水平。四不同类型作文的写法I.图画类作文看图作文在高考书面表达中占有相当大的比重。这类试题的特点是：形象、直观、内容具体，且在图画的前面一般还有文字说明，因此考生一般都有话可说且不会走题。但写作要注意一下几点：仔细阅读图画及文字说明，首先确定文章体裁。这类文章一般以记叙文或说明文为主，有时还有点评类的文章。记叙文：要抓住记叙文的六要素：when、where、who、what、why、how. 即五个 “W”和一个 “H”。这就要注意人物与空间的关系、画面与画面的关系、要点与发挥的关系。常见句型有：1 One day, while he was, he2 Once upon a time there was a/an whoevery day.3 It was snowing/raining heavily on Monday/Sunday morning4 LiMing was at, waiting for.5 Although he is , he believes he will grow up to be.6 Remember: “No pains, no gains.”7 This story tells us8 From the picture we can see9 While you are here, well provide you with10. It is really an unforgettable day (I)记叙文Example 1 右面四幅图描述的是李大爷在某市场的一次经历。请你根据图画所提供的信息，描述事情发生的经过。 注意：1 短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，可适当增加细节，以使短文连贯、完整。2 词数：100左右3 参考词汇：清仓甩卖a clearance sale 货摊stall; 摊贩stall keeperSample writing: One day, Uncle Li was walking through a market when he heard somebody shouting,” “ A clearance sale!” Uncle Li looked around and found a stall not far away. There was a sign saying “Goods on sale”. Two men were shouting at the top of their voice. He hurried to the stall and bought some good goods there, Without noticing how happy the two men were. When he arrived home, he showed the goods to Aunt Li. Aunt Li opened the boxes and her face immediately turned red with anger. “These are all fake goods.!” She shouted angrily. Hearing these words, Uncle Li took the goods and hurried back to the stall, but the two stall keepers had already run away. “They fooled me!” Uncle Li thought to himself sadly. (II) 说明文一般先要仔细看图，把画面联系起来，弄清图画的目的、意图；然后进行概括，找出一个说明对象，接着从时间、过程、步骤等方面加以解释、说明；最后进行总结，得出结论。对事物进行说明时，一定要做到条理清楚，明了易懂。Example2: 假如你是李华，请根据下列图示，给你的加拿大朋友Mickey写一封信，叙述暑假你和家人游览国家公园湖心岛的经历。注意：1.按照图中给出的顺序描述可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。2 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。1 词数：100左右。2 参考词汇：纪念品souvenir; 渡船ferryboat; 缆车cable carDear Michy,How did you spend your summer vacation this year?Im looking forward to your reply! Yours, LiHua我们可以看出这篇文章是说明文，说明的对象是我和家人游览湖心岛的路线及经历；应用第一人称来写；时态应以一般过去时态为主。Sample writing:Dear Micky,How did you spend your summer vacation this year?In my vacation, my family and I went to National Park. We visited the island in the center of the lake.We took a ferryboat to the island at 9:00 am. The first place we visited was the Botanical Garden. Then we visited the Site of an Old Temple which had a history of over 600 years. Lunch was served at11:30. After that, we went shopping for some souvenirs at the Gift Shop before we left. Finally, we returned from the island by cable car at 3:30 pm.Though we were tired, we had a good time, because we like nature very much. Do you like nature, too?Im looking forward to your reply! Yours, LiHua (III).点评式作文写作点拨：1 仔细读图，对图画进行简要的描述。2 透过现象看本质。要对图画所反应现象的本质正确把握，形成自己独特的观点。Example3:现在请看左边这则漫画，先对漫画的进行描述，然后在谈谈自己的看法3 用事实说话，避免空洞的说教，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐明自己的主张。例如：上海2004年春季高考作文“松松绑”，四川中江县高中的看图作文，妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩，后来儿子对倒了的油瓶也置之不理。 Sample writing: A man in the picture seems to throw some rubbish into the dustbin, but he doesnt approach it, resulting in the waste lying here and there, which makes people feel dirty and uncomfortable. This is because he doesnt want to take any trouble throwing it into the dustbin although it was within his reach. However, what they did violate public morally. If everyone behave in this way, the world will be a big rubbish dump with files round and people will live in a world of diseases. Besides, dustmen will have a very hard job to clean the world we live in.II.表格类书面表达表格类书面表达一般以说明文和议论文居多，往往是介绍、说明某种情况、辩论某种观点、看法，但有时也可能是记叙文。(I)议论文议论文的关键在于要观点明确，主题鲜明，且论据充分，并紧扣主题。要注意主题句的使用，以及一些固定的开始与结尾的模式。常见的句型：1.There are different opinions among people as to, some people suggest that2.There is an old saying, It is the experience of our ancestors, however, it is correct in many cases today3.Today, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, Second What makes things worse is that, in a word,4.nowadays, it is common to, many people like, because, besides,5. Everything has two sides and is not an exception. It has both advantages and disadvantages.6. Peoples opinions about vary from person to person. Some people say that to them7. man is now facing a big problem which is becoming more and more serious8. . Has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way,9. .has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well10. According to , it can be seen that obviously , but why11. On the contrary, there are some people in favor of . At the same time, they say12. But I dont think it is a good way to, for example, worst of all13. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can then14. Why? the first reason is that the second reason is that the third is For all of these, the main cause is 15. Nevertheless, I believe that is more advantageous.16. I fully agree with the statement that because Example4：吉尼斯世界纪录近年来在中国受到不少人的追捧，但同时有些记录也受到了一些人的质疑。下表是支持者和反对者的主要观点，请根据此表用英语写一篇短文，并发表自己的观点。 观点支持者1. 在观看挑战中得到了快乐，同时增长了知识，开阔了视野。2. 挑战者坚持不懈的精神值得敬佩。反对者有些人申报的吉尼斯世界纪录是无意义的、浪费的、甚至存在很大的危险性你的观点注意：1.行文应连贯、内容应完整2.开头已经给出 3.词数:100-120词左右这是一篇议论文, 可采用二段式论证法. 第一段提出问题(总写), 并用论据进行正反两方面的论证（分写）；第二段用一两句话谈谈自己的看法。Sample writing : Nowadays more and more Chinese people are interested in Guinness records. They say that its a pleasure to watch the challenges and they can learn a lot from them. Whats more, the determination of the challengers deserves our respect. Others say that some records which are applied for are meaningless, wasteful and even dangerous for challengers. In my opinion, we shouldnt waste a lot of time and money in participating in meaningless challenges but devote ourselves to some interesting, helpful and inspiring activities.(II) 说明文 Example5:前人类面临的最大的环境问题。请你根据以下提示,写一篇英语短文，为“节能减排”献计献策.背景随着经济的发展，更多的温室气体被排放，其中大约70%为CO2，这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一后果海平面上升，自然灾害频繁措施1 多使用清洁能源，少用煤、油；2 在可能的情况下以步代车。3 4 本文是一篇说明文，写作要点非常清楚，表达要条理清晰。要求说明“节能减排”的背景、后果、措施等情况，故用一般现在时态并且应用第三人称和第一人称。Sample writing:With the development of economy, more and more greenhouse gases are being discharged into the air. CO2 makes up about 70% of the greenhouse gases. Which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. It has harmful effects, causing the sea level to rise and many natural disasters to strike.For example, snow disasters hit the south of China in the winter of 2007.So we must take effective measures to save our planet. First, we should use more clean energy and less coal and oil. Second, we should go to work on foot or by bus instead of driving a car if possible. Third, we should plant more trees, because plants can turn CO2 into oxygen. More importantly, we should form the habit of saving energy in our daily life. III. 图表类作文 图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现，主要是一些关于生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图，与现实生活结合的很紧密。从这类题的类容和要求看，文体上属于说明文。写作点拨：1 仔细观察图表，认真阅读图表前的提示。了解图表所反映的类容，研究图表所反映出来的规律，用简洁的语言概括图表的内容，2 处理相关数据。对数据的处理不必面面俱到，但要概括出特征，为后文分析原因、揭示规律、发表看法做铺垫。3 用好关联词。注意短文内容的衔接、过渡和前后呼应。常用的词语有：compared with, on the other hand, however, in my opinion等。4 确定文章结构。此类文章的结构一般为：开头简明扼要，直接切入主题；通过数据说明基本走势；比较数据，揭示显著特征；必要时对今后的走势做出估计；分析出现这种趋势的原因；指出现实生活中存在的问题后，用一两句话呼应短文的主题。Example6:年我国学生过暑假的方式的变化。请根据这两幅图表， 用英语写一篇100词左右的文章。参考词汇：图表chart 社会调查social investigation 减少decreaseFrom the two charts we can see that in the past ten years, students who go traveling and do social investigation have greatly increased while those who stay at home have decreased a lot. There are several reasons for the changes. Firstly, with the development of economy, students can get support from their parents for traveling. Secondly, tourism has greatly developed over ten years. In addition, school has been encouraging students to do social investigation in both cities and villages. From the changes we can predict that more and more students will make their summer vacation colorful and meaningful by going outside instead of staying at home.Example7:对学生课余生活进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余生活，并针对图2中的任何一个数据所反映的情况写出你的看法。词数不少于60。分析：1.仔细读图，对图表进行说明；2.描述当前情况，用一般现在时3. 由于是说明学生的情况,应用第二人称4. 要点很清楚Sample writing: Chart1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time93 minutes into their homework, next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework. As is shown on Chart2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic. IV. 提纲类作文提纲类作文是高考书面表达的一个特色。就是给出某种情景和内容要求，请考生根据这一情景或要求写出自己的思想，能充分体现学生的自己的思维想象能力和语言表达能力。但常出现的问题是：对所给情景和要求把握不准，容易走题、要点不全。因此，认真读题，把握好情景与要求，表达内容要紧扣情景所反映的主题；然后合理地使用和安排好材料；最后，进行合理的总结。Example8: 根据下列提示，请大胆想象，写一篇以What is our future like?为题的科幻小短文。题材不限。注意：1.词数：120左右；2. 展开想象，合乎逻辑，行文连贯；3.文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version: It is hard to predict what exactly the future will be like, but to express the imaginary ideas in our mind is another thing. First of all, I think the human head will be the most important and frequently used used part of the human body, so it is to be bigger, and the fingers will becoming more nimble. However, other parts will be similar to the ones we have now. Houses will be quite different from now. Some are equipped with wheels so as to move around the planet under space. People are able to try all kinds of food throughout the world easily and clothes are equipped with air-conditions to adjust temperature. At last, everyone will take an active part in the social activities and obey certain rules willingly. Muti-culture can co-exist peacefully. The society is well-organized and people are friendlier than ever. In all, Im sure it will be a perfect world.Example9: The Olympic Games will be held On August 8, 2008 in China. As a Chinese student, what do you think of it?One possible version:Im proud of China China has got the chance to hold the 2008Olympic Games, which always fills with excitement. The population of China makes up of one fifth of the worlds total population, So holding the Olympic Games in Beijing will spread the Olympic spirit to more people. Beijing, the capital of China, with its long history and splendid culture, is a well-known city with great experience in holding large international sporting events. Therefore, We should be confident of the success of the 2008 Olympics. To win in the games is important, and athletes across the world must seize the chance to shoe their skills and power, but the Olympic Games are about friendship and peace, so what is most important is to get on well with athlete from other countries. After all, honor is more precious than gold medals. I believe holding the Olympic Games will make China a more popular country. Im proud of China. I will love you forever, my countryChina. V. 应用文应用文的关键在于要有正确的格式，常见的高考应用文一般是信件，也有通知，发言搞等。信件又分为感谢信，道歉信，投宿信，求知信等。掌握这些信件的格式很重要，同时记住一些固定的模式也可以锦上添花。常见句型有：1I am grateful to you for2. I take this opportunity to express to you deep appreciate for the kind assistance you rendered me.3. it was kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate more than I can say.5. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for6. I am terribly sorry for what I have done.7. please forgive me.8. I must apologize to you9. I regret to inform you that I am unable to do10. please accept my apologies for once more.11. I am pleased to invite you to attend12. its my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to13. It is with great pleasure that I invite you to14. I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here.15. we are looking for forward to seeing you soon.16. I hope that you wont decline my invitation.17. I am writing to you to complain about18. There are some problems with me that I wish to bring to attention. First, In addition,19. I can hardly put up with it any more.20. If it is not properly settled, I would, or I would21. I would like some detailed information on/ about22. I shall be grateful if you could let me have details of 23. I wish to apply for the position of which you advertised in24. I have learned from a friend of mine that your company is looking for25. I am very interested in exploring a position as a with your company.26. I graduated fromin仔细读题，注意不同应用文的格式。Example10: 据报道，七岁女孩Amy Bruce得知自己身患肺癌(lung cancer)后处于极度痛苦之中。美国抗癌协会(ACS)决定，每当Army收到一封慰问信，就给她增加3美元的治疗款。假如你是新化中学的学生李华，请你用英语给Army写一封慰问信，主要内容包括：自我介绍得知的情况表示鼓励打算为她做什么祝她早日康复注意：1 信的格式已为你写好。2 信中不得出现你的真实情况。3 词数100左右。4 请在答题卡上答。Dear Army,I am a student from Xinhua Middle School. I am very sorry to have heard of your present situation that you are so bitter after having a lung cancer.At present, ACS decides that it will give you three cents when you receive a letter. That will offer you so much courage. I hope you will make efforts to overcome all kinds of difficulty, no matter how hard it is. You are sure to make it.I will try my best to ask all my friends, schoolmates and relatives to write letters to you. Which may help you. It will give more courage to live on. Yours, LiHuaExample11: 请你用英文写一篇日记，内容包括以下要点：1 晨起不适，头痛，发烧；体温高达39 ；2 估计病因：昨天上学时未带伞，回家路上淋了雨，可能因感冒引起发烧。3 服药，大量饮水，卧床休息，下午好转。要求：1. 日期及气候情况: 四月二十一日 星期五 雨;1. 词数: 110左右April21 Friday RainyI didnt feel well when I got up this morning. I had a headache, I took my temperature and Found it was 39. As a result, I couldnt go to school and had to stay at home. It was very cold yesterday, and it was raining heavily too. At that time, I didnt take my umbrella with me, so I was caught in the rain on my way home. I thought I must have got a bad cold. So I took some medicine and drank lots of water. I stayed in bed the whole day. In the afternoon, I began to feel better.Example12:请根据下面内容给学生会写一个讲座通知,提前两天张贴到广告栏上.1. 地点: 学校科学会堂.2. 时间: 本周六下午2时开始,大约需两个小时3. 主讲人: 中山大学野生动物研究中心的教授王海波同志4. 演讲题目: 为何以及如何保护野生动物5. 讲座后自由发言6. 注意事项: 100词左右; 可适当增减细节以使文章连贯; 参考词汇: 科学会堂 the Science Hall; 中山大学野生动物研究中心 the Research Center of Wild Animal of Zhongshan UniversityNOTICEThere will be a talk on “Why and How to Protect Wild Animals” in the school Science Hall at two oclock this Saturday afternoon. The speaker is Professor Wang Haibo, who comes from the Research Center of Wild Animals of Zhongshan University. It will last for about two hours. After that, you are free to express your opinion.Everyone is expected to take part in the activity. Remember to enter the hall at ten to two and make careful notes while you listen to the talk. Thursday The Students UnionExample13:高三年级一班和二班之间将在5月4日举行一次有关环保问题的演讲比赛(an talk show on environment protection), 为帮助同学做准备, 二班将邀请清华大学的李博士做相关内容的报告.假如你是二班的班长,请你根据以下提示拟一份有关报告会的口头通知.1. 报告内容: 近年北京的环保工作已取得进步.2. 地点: 教学楼三楼会议厅3. 时间: 4月30日, 星期三, 下午两点.4. 目的: 帮助大家收集信息, 为演讲做好准备.5. 参加人员: 全班同学6. 其他安排: 会后讨论