高考英语主谓一致(菲斯特外语学校专用教材之节选).doc

贵阳菲斯特外语学校专用教材节选之一 地址：贵阳云岩区下合群路达亨大厦13楼 电话：6572167 6576031 第五章 主谓一致主谓一致即谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语一致。在判断一个句子主语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法是否一致、意义是否一致以及临近的词语在语法关系、搭配关系、语意组合等方面是否一致。一、名词作主语与谓语的一致考查考点1. 集合名词public, family, team等作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如表示成员则用复数。 例：My family lives in Shanghai.我家住在上海。 My family are all fond of the program.我的家人都喜欢这个节目。常见的这部分名词有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, family, group, government, jury, party, personnel, staff, team, union, public等。注：有的集合名词如folk, people, police, cattle等作主语时，表达复数概念。 例: The people in the city are friendly.那个城市的人非常友好。 The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。考点2. 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据意义来决定谓语的形式。常见的这部分名词有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters等。例：The species of fish are numerous.鱼的种类繁多。This species of rose is very rare.这种玫瑰花很稀罕。考点3. 复数名词用作专有名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。例：The United States was founded in 1776.美国成立于1776年。考点4. 其他情况“the+形容词”作主语，如表示一类可数的人或事物时，谓语用复数形式；如表示一类不可数的事物时，则用单数。例：The old are well looked after by the government.政府对老年人照顾得很好。 The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。表示成双成对东西的名词，若被a pair of 修饰，要求接单数谓语形式；否则，用复数谓语形式。例：These trousers are made in Shanghai.这些裤子是上海生产的。 This pair of trousers is made in Shanghai.这条裤子是上海生产的。二、由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致考查考点1. 由“and”并列的两个主语，如果在意义上指同一人，同一物，同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数；如果指不同的人或物，则用复数谓语。例：The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.(并列主语指同一人)The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.(并列主语指不同人)考点2. both.and.连接两个单数名词作主语时，是表达复数概念。例：Both she and I were right.她和我都对。考点3. Each.and each., every.and every., no.and no.等短语作主语时，表达的是单数概念。 例：Every hour and every minutes is important. Each man and each woman has the right to choose.（1）English and Chinese _ quite different languages.A. isB. areC. was D. were（2）The linebacker and captain of the team _most valuable player.A. have been selectedB. has been selectedC. have selected D. has selected（3）Every man and very woman _required to vote for the candidate last month.A. isB. wereC. areD. was（4）In that county, the rich _richer, the poor _poorer.A. becomes becomesB. are is C. become become D. is is（5）Writing stories and articles _what I enjoyed most then.A. isB. areC. was D. were（6）To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends _ two pleasures in my life.A. isB. areC. was D. has been答案 1-6BBDCC考点4. 由or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语要符合毗邻一致的原则，即要与邻近的主语相一致。例考点5. 单数名词+with, along with, together with, combined with, as well as, rather than等所跟的名词作主语时，要遵循语法一致的原则，表达单数概念，单数名词是中心词。例：Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party.One or two friends are coming this evening. Neither I nor he is to blame.（1）Not only they but also I _interested in such kind of things.A. isB. areC. amD. was （2）Neither Bill nor his parents _at home.A. isB. areC. has D. was（3）Doctor Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _to arrive on the evening flight.A. will be B. is C. are going D. are 答案1-3CBB三、“代词”以及“限定词+名词”作主语与谓语的一致性考查考点1. All, half, most, none, some以及the reminder (of), the rest (of), plenty (of)等代词作主语时，要遵循意义一致的原则，即：其谓语单、复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定。例：Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Most of the houses in this town are new. （1）When enough of the tree _ chopped away, the tree falls.A. isB. haveC. was D. were（2）Although his many examples were all right, the remainder _not exact.A. isB. areC. was D. Were答案1-2AD考点2. both, (a) few, many, several等限定词修饰的主语，是复数谓语意味。例：Both (of) these films are boring. Few (of the) guests were familiar to us. 考点3. 由合成代词some(any, no, every) thing (body, one) 作主语，由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，以及由限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one等+名词作主语时，均跟单数谓语动词。例：Nothing but trees was to be seen.No one except my parents knows anything about it.考点4. 在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，因此该从句中的主语是复数意味。 如：This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.但是在“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，由于有only限定，中心词就指向one单数名词，从句中的主语变成了单数意味。如：He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.考点5. 在“代词+定语从句”的结构中，从句谓语的人称，性，数要与被修饰的代词保持一致。（1）He is one of the students who _the examination.A. has passedB. were passedC. have passed D. have been passed（2）Tom is the only one of the staff members who _to be promoted.A. is goingB. are goingC. has been going D. have been going（3） I, who your friend, will try best to help you. A.be B .am C.being D.is答案1-3CAB考点6. 由what 引导的主语从句，一般要用单数谓语形式。如果从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式时，则要求用复数形式的谓语。 如：What you said is quite to the point. （1）What he did _nothing to do with me.A. isB. hasC. areD. have （2）That they were wrong in these matters _now clear to us.A. wasB. isC. areD. were 答案1-2BB 四、数词、量词等作主语与谓语的一致考查考点1. 用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语常用单数形式。例：Ten plus ten makes twenty.考点2. 数词和表示时间，度，量，衡，温度和金钱等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时，谓语一般用单数形式。例：Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.考点3.分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语形式是用单数还是复数取决它们表示的意义。例：Only 20 percent of the work was done yesterday. About 20 percent of the students are absent today.（1）Another five weeks _necessary for us to finish the workA. areB. wereC. isD. will have been（2）Twenty eight times eighty three _two thousand, two hundred and twenty-four.A. will makeB. makesC. had made D. have made（3）Three-fourths of the buildings _.A. was destroyedB. was ruinedC. were destroyedD. has been destroyed答案1-3CBC考点4. 由kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series, quantity) of等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单、复数，而不是后面所跟的名词。例：A new type of bus is now on show. Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.考点5. “a number of许多”，“a variety of各种各样的”和“a group of一群、一组”修饰名词作主语，谓语要求用复数形式。但“the number of数目”和“the variety of种类”修饰名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。 例：A number of students are from the south. The number of students from the north is small.（1）A number of cars _in front of the building.A. is parkedB. are parkedC. has parkedD. was parked（2）The number of private colleges _.A. are increasingB. h