英语语法之虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气知识要点一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中有三种语气：1. 陈述语气：表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。2. 祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。3. 虚拟语气：表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假 设、推测等。二、虚拟语气的构成If条件句主句与将来的事实相反 Should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形与现在的事实相反 动词过去式 + were + would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去的事实相反 had + 过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 动词原形例： 与将来的事实相反：1. If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.2. If there should be no air, there would be no living things.3. If it were to snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out. 与现在的事实相反： 1. If it rained now, I would not go shopping. 2. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 3. If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 与过去的事实相反： 1. If I had come yesterday, I would have seen him. 2. If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 3. If she hadnt been ill, she might have come.*请注意三种特殊情况： 上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。如：1. Should there be no air, there would be no living things.2. Were it not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.3. Had she not been ill, she might have come. 错综时间条件句。即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在，主句指过去。) 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去，主句指现在。) 含蓄条件句。即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。 1. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 2. The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 3. I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 4. We could have done better under more favorable conditions. 5. You should have been here five minutes ago.三、were 式虚拟 Its (about/high) time that + 过去式 1. Its time that I picked up my daughter. 2. Its high time we were going. 3. Its high time that people learnt English. would/had rather that + 过去式 1. Id rather you went tomorrow. 2. Id rather you were happy. (*请注意：有时would rather 也会接过去完成时。)1. Id rather you hadnt said it.2. Id rather you had been present. as ifas thougheven ifeven though+ 过去完成时从句动作发生在过去+ 一般过去时从句动作发生在现在如：1. You looks as if you had seen a ghost! 2. He talks as if he were an expert in economics.3. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.(*请注意：as if/though 后的从句若表示真实情况时，用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：It seems as if they know each other.) 虚拟语气用在if only 引导的感叹句中，其后的时态根据具体情况而定。如： 1. If only the driver didnt drive so fast! 2. If only I were a bird. 3. If only I had taken his advice. wish之后的虚拟语气较为复杂。 wish与现在的事实相反were + could + 动词原形与过去的事实相反过去完成时could + 现在完成时与将来的事实相反would + 动词原形如：1. I wish I were you again.2. I wish I could help you.3. My father wishes that he had gone to university.4. I wish I could have been there last year.5. I wish that he would settle down here.四、be 式虚拟 有些形容词之后的主语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。包括：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, astonishing, desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposal, decided, moved, incredible等。如： 1. It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 2. It will be desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon. 有些名词之后的主语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。如，It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you (should) be so careless. 有些动词之后的宾语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。包括：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest, recommend, plan, arrange, command, require, think, expect, believe, suspect, urge等。 1. She suggested we (should) leave here at once. 2. The doctor ordered she (should) be operated. 有些名词之后的表语/同位语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。包括：suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision, idea等。如： 1. My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once. 2. What do you think of the proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening? for fear that, in case, lest等之后的状语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。如，He handled the instrument with care for fear that it (should) be damaged.*请注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”， suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。如：1. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.2. He insisted that he was honest. Im sorry/surprised/disappointed + 从句。从句中的虚拟语气为“should + 动词原形”。如;I am sorry that he should be in such poor health.真题回顾(共24题)2004年（2题）6. your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train. A. Had I not taken B. If I didnt take C. If I havent taken D. Provided I didnt take25. It is high time that you the problem carefully about what you will do in the future. A. are studied B. must study C. studied D. study2005年（2题）12. We are all for your proposal that the discussion . A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off25. Mr. Smith would just rather we now, but we must go to work. A. not leave B. didnt leave C. are not to leave D. wont leave2006年（5题）23. I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. (含蓄条件句)A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived29. I would rather you _ to the party with her. A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone33. Its high time we _ something to stop road accidents. A. are doing B. did C. will do D. do35. Its necessary that the problem _ in some way or other. A. is settled B has been settled C. be settled D. was settled40. I wish you _ here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival. A. came B. had come C. come D. will come2007年（2题）11. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature. A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated13. If he had been in better health, he more books. A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written2008年（2题）8. Its high time about the traffic problem. A. something was done B. something is done C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done21. Im not surprised you failed the exam. You have worked harder.(含蓄条件句) A. should B. must C. would D. ought2009年（1题）6. The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9 oclock. A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing2010年（2题）10. I passed the test. I it without your help. （含蓄条件句） A. would not pass B. wouldnt have passed C. didnt pass D. had not passed20. It is necessary that he the task by the end of next week. A. fulfill B. will fulfill C. will have fulfilled D. fulfills2011年（3题）6. right now, she would get there on Sunday. （虚拟语气的倒装） A. Would she leave B. If she leave C. Were she to leave D. If she had left14. I dont think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned37. for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded.（虚拟语气的倒装） A. Hadnt it been B. Had it not been C. If it had been D. If it were2013年（5题）11. My advice is that she to apologize to him. A. go B. went C. goes D. has gone15. If it too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.（含蓄条件句） A. isnt B. werent C. wasnt D. hadnt been26. You didnt take his advice. his advice, you such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldnt have made B. If you had taken; would make C. Were you to take; shouldnt have made D. Have you taken; wont have made28. He asks that he an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given29. I am sorry that he in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be补充练习1. “I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “Its time you .” A. do B. did C. had D. would2. “Ive told everyone about it.” “Oh, Id rather you .” A. dont B. hadnt C. couldnt D. wouldnt3. “Isnt it about time you to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?” A. begin B. have begun C. began D. had begun4. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 5. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 6. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 7. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 8. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 9. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, You so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 11. But for the help you gave me, I the examinations A. would have passed. B. would pass C. wouldnt have passed D. wouldnt pass 12. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school, otherwise he a student of Beijing University. A. would have been B. should be C. has been D. had been 13. - Any information about your son? - No. If only I those tough words to him. A. didnt say B. hadnt say C. shouldnt have said D. couldnt have said 14. It is important that we act ou