LanguageAwareness8.doc

2018年高考题1.【2018江苏】24. Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）2.【2018江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。3.【2018天津】10. I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案】D点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。4.【2018北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。5.【2018北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do。6.【2018天津】15. If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。2017年高考题【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C考点：考查情态动词【名师点睛】常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等1. can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2.may 的用法：表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 eg: He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛3. must的用法： 表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow你明天得早来。 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 注意： must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 dont have to 或neednt 。而不用mustnt eg: -Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？ -No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。 can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 eg: It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。4. need 的用法： 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 eg: You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。eg: You dont need to go now. 你不必现在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？need的用法的助记口诀：实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。【2017北京卷】34. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A考点：考查虚拟语气。【名师点睛】英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.1、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+动词原形2.与过去事实相反had done would/could/might/should+have done3.与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were to+动词原形would/could/might/should+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反if从句：动词过去式（be-were）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldnt do that.If it werent raining, we wouldnt stay.2. 与过去事实相反if从句：had done主句：would/could/might/should+have doneIf the teacher hadnt helped us, we couldnt have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadnt been ill, he might have come.3.与将来事实可能相反if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were） b.should+动词原形（不能用would） c.were to+动词原形主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.4. 错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.(有时时间会省略） 5. 含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）He would have failed but for his teachers timely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(要是.就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.6. 虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.（实-虚）=I was ill that day. If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didnt have enough money.（虚-实）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didnt have enough money. 7. 省略if倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were you, I wouldnt do that. =were I you, I wouldnt do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.【2017江苏卷】22. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【名师点睛】在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词.e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt置于句首。考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装【2017天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darentB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt【答案】C【解析】试题分析： 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。考点：考查情态动词。【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。 darent通常表示“不敢”，shouldnt强调的是没有义务，必要性；neednt表示“不需要”，mustnt 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。【2017天津卷】15. Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。2016年高考题1.【2016北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt不需要；B. mustnt禁止；C. wouldnt不愿；D. shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。考点：考查情态动词【名师点睛】 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should, had better.1. can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2.may 的用法：表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 eg: He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛3. must的用法： 表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow你明天得早来。 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 注意： must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 dont have to 或neednt 。而不用mustnt eg: -Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？ -No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。 can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 eg: It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。4. need 的用法： 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 eg: You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。eg: You dont need to go now. 你不必现在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？need的用法的助记口诀：实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。2.【2016北京】34. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考点：考查虚拟语气【名师点睛】英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。4、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）5、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）6、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.2、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.if从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+动词原形2.与过去事实相反had done would/could/might/should+have done3.与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were to+动词原形would/could/might/should+动词原形2. 与现在事实相反if从句：动词过去式（be-were）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldnt do that.If it werent raining, we wouldnt stay.3. 与过去事实相反if从句：had done主句：would/could/might/should+have doneIf the teacher hadnt helped us, we couldnt have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadnt been ill, he might have come.3.与将来事实可能相反if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were） b.should+动词原形（不能用would） c.were to+动词原形主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.5. 错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.(有时时间会省略） 6. 含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）He would have failed but for his teachers timely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(要是.就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.7. 虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.（实-虚）=I was ill that day. If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didnt have enough money.（虚-实）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didnt have enough money. 8. 省略if倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were you, I wouldnt do that. =were I you, I wouldnt do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.3.【2016江苏】27.If itfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A【名师点睛】有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。例句：She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。句型说明：错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同，否则就按一般时间搭配使用。考点：考查虚拟语气4.【2016天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B考点：考查情态动词。【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldnt通常表示“没有能力”，wouldnt带有意愿色彩，shouldnt强调的是没有义务，必要性；neednt表示“没有需要”，之间有明显不同。5.【2016天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，没有倒装形式，学生容易看出。6.【2016浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D 考点：考查虚拟语气。【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句省略了if，将had提前，说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，学生看出这点就容易做题了。7.【2016浙江】17. George _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. cant have gone D. neednt have gone【答案】C【解析】试题分析：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；neednt have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。考点：考查情态动词+have done。【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。2015年高考题1.【2015北京】29Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。2.【2015北京】34. If I _it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it.A . didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldnt have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。【考点定位】虚拟语气【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。3.【2015重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【答案】D 【考点定位】 考查虚拟语气 【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。4.【2015重庆】12. You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 【考点定位】考查情态动词。【名师点睛】must表推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动