二班 管理经济学作业.doc

姓名：白帆 学号：20082151Question:How to understand “maximizing the value of the firms factors”?Answer:maximizing the value of the firm involves consideration of future revenues,costs,and discount rates:1. total revenues are directly determined by the quantity sold and the prices received.2. cost analysis includes a detailed examination of the price and availability of various input factors,altenative production schedulees,production methods,and so on.3. the relation between an appropriate discount rate and the companys mix of products and both operating and financial leverage must be determined.All these factors affect the value of the firm.张浩然 20082152The demand curve for good X of firm A is estimated to be X ,Py is the price of related good Y,M is average income of consumers who buy good X. The value of Px,Py,M are expected to be 10, 20,5000 respectively. What is the price elasticity of demand Ep?What is the arc cross price elasticity of demand EPx?What is the income elasticity of demand EI? Which type? Why?The answer:Px=10,Py=20,M=5000. Qx=554.Ep=(dQxdPx)(PxQx)=(8)(10554)=40277EPx=【(d)Qx(d)Py】(PyQx)=20(20554) =200277EI= (dQxM)(MQx)=0.04(5000554)=1002770EI1 Good X is noncyclical normal good. 王超20082173Set of soap in the demand price elasticity is 0.6, The demand for soap powder for 0.4 cross elasticity, If the price of soap and detergent 8% rise at the same time, ask soap purchases will increase or decrease? What is the percentage? *Washing with soap is substitutes, washing powder prices will inevitably lead to soap buying increasing, while soap their prices also inevitably leads to its procurement decrease. *Because of washing powder prices, soap by imposing increase = 0.4 * 8% = 3.2% *Because soap prices, soap by imposing narrowed by = 0.6 * 8% = 4.8 percent *Therefore, soap purchases will decrease and reduce 1.6 per cent 姓名：刘常娥 学号: 20082170Assumed that sausage and bread are complementary goods. It is usually a sausage and bread for the ratio to be a hot dog and a sausage known price equal to the price of bread 1. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for sausage2. what is the cross-price elasticity of demand in bread .3. If the price of sausage is twice than the price of bread, then calculate the price elasticity of demand for sausages and the cross price elasticity of demand in bread?1. Assumed the demand of sausage is X, the demand of bread is Y, the price of sausage is PX, the price of bread is PY, and PX = PY.Assumed the maximization revenue is M, and M= PX *X + Y *PYX= Y= M/( PX + PY) Edx=(d X/d Y)* (PX /X)=-M/( PX + PY )2 * PX / M/(PX + PY) =-PX /(PX + PY )=-0.52. EYX= (d Y/d X)* (PX /Y)=-M/( PX + PY )2 * PX /( M/PX + PY) =-PX /(PX + PY )=-0.53. Assumed PX = 2PY.Edx= （d X/d Y）*(PX /X) =-PX /(PX + PY )=-2/3EYX= （d Y/d X）* (PX /Y)=-PX /(PX + PY )=-2/3 兰雯雯 20082168The following table is the demand function is Qd=500-100P assumed in the demand for a certain price range table价格（元） 1 2 3 4 5需求量 400 300 200 100 0(1). Find the price of 2 yuan and 4 yuan price arc elasticity of demand(2). According to the given demand function, find the P = 2 Yuan price point elasticity of demand(3). According to the demand function or demand schedule to geometry, calculated using the geometric method of P=2 Yuan price point elasticity of demand. Is it the result of problems with the (2) the same?Answers:1.ed =(Q/P)*(P1+P2)/2/(Q1+Q2)/2=(200/2)*(2+4)/(300+100)=1.52.P=2 Qd=500-100 * 2=300 ed=(dQ/dP)/(P/Q)=-100/(2/300)=-2/33. P ed =(Q/P)/(P/Q) QPQdC 2B 300OQ =(BQ/AB)/(AB/OB)A =BQ/OB=(500-300)/300=2/3 So the result of problem is the same with (2).姓名：李茗 学号：20087325 班级：工商管理2 Suppose the demand curve for a product is given by ,where P is the price of the product and is the price of a substitute good. The price of the substitute good is 5 yuan. (1)Suppose P=2 yuan ,what is the price elasticity of demand ?What is the cross-price elasticity of demand ? (2)Suppose the price of the good , P , increases to 3 yuan .now what is the price elasticity of demand ,and what is the cross-price elasticity of demand ?Answers:(1) when P=2 , = 11 (2) When P=3 , Q=10-23+5=9刘冠宏 20084727Assume that in a market, A, B is the production of the two firms are different kinds of products with competitors;A vendor in the market demand curve for the Pa = 200-Qa,Manufacturers of B for Pb = 300-0.5Qb;The current sales of the two companies were Qa = 50; Qb = 100.Q:1) A, B two manufacturers and the price elasticity of demand eda edb is the number? (This question is not the point of flexibility?)2) If the B factory price, the manufacturer makes the demand for increased B Qb = 160, while its rival A reduced demand for manufacturers Qa = 40. So, how much is A vendor of cross-price elasticity of demand for eab?假定在某市场上，A，B两厂商是生产同种有差异的产品的竞争者;该市场对A厂商的需求曲线为Pa=200-Qa,对B厂商的为Pb=300-0.5Qb;两厂商目前的销售量分别为Qa=50;Qb=100.问：1）A,B两厂商的需求的价格弹性eda和edb各是多少？（这里问的是不是点弹性？） 2）如果B厂降价后，使得B厂商的需求量增加为Qb=160,同时使竞争对手A厂商的需求量减少为Qa=40.那么，A厂商的需求的交叉价格弹性eab是多少？史文锐20084196朗读显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音字典 - 查看字典详细内容Q：（1）What is the Theory of the firm? (2) What is the elasticity?A(1).The Thoery of the firm including there aspects:Expected value maximization;Constraints of the theory of the firm;Limitations of the theory of the firm.(2)A measure of responsiveness used in demand analysis is elasticity,defined as the percentage change in a dependent variable ,y,resulting from a 1 percent change in the value of an independent variable,x.张泽东+学号20081810Generalized commodity demand function X:QD = 60 - 2 PX +0 01M +7 PRWhere: QD is the demand for X; PX is the price of X:M is the average income of consumers;R PR is the price of related goods.(1) Explain the normal product X or low-end commodity products;(2) If PR = 20, try that, or X and R are complementary forOn behalf of the relationship?(3) If the supply function for the QS =- 600 +10 PX, thenThe number of each, are measured, let M = 40000, PR = 20 time? Solution:(1) commodity X is a normal commodity. Because when theIt factors constant, income M rise, the demand for QDIs rising;(2) X and R goods are substitutes. BecauseIt factors constant, PR prices rise, demandQD is also rising;(3) 600-2 PX =- 600 +10 PXPX = 100; QD = 400工商二班 江晨 20084538Q：Try to illustrate the determinants of prices elasticity A：1The extent to which a goods considered a necessary. 2The availability of substitute goods.3The proportion of income spent on the product.4The period of adjustment production.（f,h） 李阳Optimal Amount of a Public GoodAggregate demand curve Dt for V public good is obtained by the vertical summation of individual demand curves Da and Db. The reason for this is that each unit of public good V can be consumed by both individuals at the same time. Given marketsupply cure Sv, the optimal amount of V is Qv units per time period(indicated by the intersection of Dt and Sv). At Qv, the sum of the individuals marginal benefits equals the social costs(i.e.,Pt=Pa+Pb=MSCv).If Da = 350 -10P Db = 210 3P Sv = 7P + 180Question: 1. What is Dt ? 2. How many Optimal Amount is?Answer: 1. Dt = Da + Db = 560 13P 2. Dt = Sv 560 13P = 7P + 180 P = 19 Qv = 7P + 180 = 313许倩 管理经济学作业 20084897The linear demand for good X is estimated to be Where （1）Calculate the price elasticity of good X？(10 point)（2）The income elasticity of good X？(10 point )（3）The cross-price elasticity ？(10 point) (4 )Are the good X and Y substitutes or complements? (5 point) (1)： （2）： (3)：(4) substitutes 工商管理2班 辛飞雁 20081812There is a company produces three different goods A B C,their demand functions are as follows:, , Questions: (1)Draw out the three demand curves.When all the price of the three goods is constant equal to 100,then compare the price elasticity() of the three points . (10 points) (2)Work out the price elasticity of each goods,assumed that all the demand quantity is fixed at 25. (10 points) (3)Assumed that the supply function of goods A is P=40+4Q,according to this ,you should cast accounts the equlibrium point. (10 points) (4)If the company wants to advance 9% of goods B s saling quantity,how would the company deal with the price of product B. (5 points)Answers:(3) The three are equal to each other. P 200 100 A B C 50 100 150 Q(4) , , , (5) The demand function is , the supply function is P=40+40Q200-4Q=40+40Q80Q=160Q=20(P=120,Q=20) is the equlibrium point.(4) P%=3%Because the 0 ,the price and quantity are negative,so the company will reduce the price by 3%王月露 20084729工商二班 There are only two firms ，A and B , producing coessential cameras in a certain market ; the quantities of sale in firm A and firm B are 100 units and 250 units separately at present ; their demand functions are as follows:A company: PA = 1000-5QAB company: PB= 1600-4QBQuestions: (1) Calculate the point price elasticity of demand of A and B? (10 point) (2) What kind of the point price elasticity of demand of A and B?（5point） (3) The quantities of demand of firm B increase to 300 whilst firm A decrease to 75 based on the condition that firm B has a reduction in selling price. Well then, what is the arc cross-price elasticity of demand in firm A , Eab? （10point） (4) How about the types of goods relationship depending on the cross-price elasticity?（10point） Answer : 1. QA=200-(1/5)PA,QB=400-(1/4)PB 当QA=100，QB=250时，PA=500,PB=600 所以 EA=(dQA/dPB)(PB/QA)=(-1/5)(500/100)=-1 EB=(dQB/dPB)(PB/QB)=(-1/4)(600/250)=-0.6 2 . |EA|=1 ,defined as unitary demand |EB|=0.6 |ep|0,substitutes exy1ed=1ed1ed=1ed0 substitutesExy0 complemantExy=0 not related .20086697 张兴涛Assuming an enterprise product demand function X： Qx=34-8Px+20Py+0.04IIn the formula,Px is the price of the product itself; Py is the price of related products, I is incomeWhen Px = 10 yuan, Py = 20 yuan, I = 500 YuanQuestions:(1)How much is price elasticity of product X？(2) Whats the number of cross elasticity of product X (product y of price changes on the demand of product X)？(3) Whats the number of the income elasticity of product X？Answers:Px = 10 yuan, Py = 20 yuan, I = 500 Yuan（1）Price elasticity of product X： （2）Cross-elasticity of product X: （3）Income elasticity of product X： 20074730 于天舒Assuming a particular labor service market is fully competitison,the labor supply function is 800W,here the LS LS=for labor supply the numben of hours.Labor demand function for Ld=24000-1600W.Caculation balanced wages and labor hours答案：Balance of supply and demand for labor 800W=24000-1600wSO W=10元 L=800*10=8000工商二班 回努伦20074343Q: What does the market demand curve show ?A: The market demand shows the total amount of a specific good or service customers are willing to buy at various prices under present market conditions.工商二班 叶又齐 20087362Q：Try to explain endogenous variables & exogenous variables.A：Factors such as price and advertising that are within the control of the firm are called endogenous variables. Factors outside the control of the firm, such as consumer incomes, competitors prices, & the weather, are called exogenous variables.于丹 20087230Question:What is the difference between the negative externality and the positive externality?Answer If economic activity among producers and consumers harms the well-being of a third party who is not compensated for any resulting damages , a negative externality is said to exist . If economic activity among producers and consumers helps the well-being of a third party who is not compensated for any resulting damages , a positive externality is created . 徐双双 20086719Question:Why does the government must participate in the market economy ? Answer : In some instances ,products or consumption activity lead to the production of significant ancillary products with negative consequences for third parties .In such instances , these third party participants are forced to bear some of the costs tied to goods or services enjoyed by others . At the same time ,production or consumption activity sometimes leads to positive consequences for third parties .In both cases , economists inefficiency and waste occur because some of the costs or benefits tried to production and consumption are not fully reflected in the market prices .In such instances ,economists have found that the “visible hand”of government policy can be used to improve upon the outcomes of unregulated competitive markets . 李美娟 20086740QuestionWhat solutions does market have to solve externalities ? Answer Markets often provide effective penalties to moderate the production of negative externalities and efficient incentives for the production of goods and services with positive externalities . In general , a simple market solution is often capable of ensuring sufficient production of goods and services with significant externalities provided that information is freely available and transactions costs are moderate . 韩佳彤 20082162Question:What is the essential difference between public and private goods ? And give some examples of each . Answer:Public good :Goods that are neither excludable nor rival . Private good :Goods that are both excludable and rival . Examples : Public Goods : Concerts in the park , Internet , National Public Radio , National defense Traffic lights Private Goods :Clothing , Congested toll bridges , Food , Internet access ,Shelter 冯建华Question1.What solutions does government have to solve externalities? 2.Whats the advantage and disadvantage ?Answer1. Government sometimes controls the effects of externalities by forbidding certain types of conduct, while requiring other types of behavior.2. An advantage of such command-and-control regulation is that it is consistent with the principle that all persons are equal before the law .An important disadvantage is that such regulation often fails to provide efficient incentives for the reduction or elimination of harmful externalities , and is an imperfect tool for compelling the provision of goods and services with positive externalities. 程玉婷 20086671Question: What solutions does the government solve externalities?Answer: Markets often provide effective penalties to moderate the production of negative externalities and efficient incentives for the production of goods and services with positive externalities. A simple market solution is often capable of ensuring sufficient production of goods and services with significant externalities provided that information is freely available and transactions costs are moderate. A transaction costs is an