初四Units7-8学案主谓一致.doc

Review of Units 7-8（一）重点词汇拓展 1. relax(adj. )- 2. rude (adv. )-Its rude to interrupt when people are speaking. The boy was punished because he was rude to his teacher. 3. familiar(反义词)- 4. most (adv. )- 5. normal (adv. ) 6. science (n. )- 7. fair (反义词)- 8. shine (adj. ) 9. true(n. )- 10. guilt (adj. )- 11. serve (n. ) -Science serves the people. The company serves the city with gas. 练习 Linda s_ us a good dinner last Sunday. （二）重点短语 1. 握手 _ hands 2. 顺便拜访 drop _ 3. 毕竟，终究 after _He is certain to come. After all, hes accepted the invitation. So they come after all!练习 我们应该让他自己去，毕竟他不是个小孩子了。We should let him go there alone. _, hes not a child. 4. 发出噪音 _ _ 5. 特地不怕麻烦地做某事 _ _ _ ones way to do sth. 6. 使某人感到宾至如归 _ sb. _ at home 7. 拾起、捡起 pick _ 8. 餐桌礼仪 table _ 9. 习惯于 be/ get used _ 10. 自学 _ by oneself 11. （使）不进入 keep out 12. 瞄准 aim _ The hunter aimed his rifle at a deer. This program is aimed at young teenagers. Mary aims at becoming a musician. 13. 例如；比如 _ instance 14. 有时、偶尔 _ times 15. 首先 to start _To start with, we havent enough money, and secondly we havent enough time. We had only six members to start with. Please start with the first question. 练习 You are weak in English, I think youd _ ABC. A. end up with B. go on with C. start with（三）重点句型 1. Youre supposed to shake hands. Youre supposed to meet him at the station and return it to him. Youre not supposed to smoke on the bus. 练习 Your mother is missing you very much. You _ telephone her as soon as possible. A. suppose B. suppose to C. are supposed to D. supposing 2. Where Im from, were pretty relaxed about time. Where there is a will, there is a way. Just stay where you are. 练习 无论你去哪里，我都跟着你。 _ _ _, I will follow you. 3. Im very comfortable speaking English now. 4. Id rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant because I like to listen to quiet music while Im eating. 5. Restaurant owners have to know how to make food. 6. Its true that some ads can be very useful. （四）语法：make的用法和宾语补足语MAKE的用法（1）make sb.+形容词 使某人感到(2)make sb.+do sth. 使某人做某事（3）make sb.+过去分词 使被(4)make sb.+名词 使某人成为(5)make sb.+介词短语 使某人 宾语补足语作用：补充说明宾语，使句意完整。 形式：（1）动词不定式：使役动词和感官动词如look at, listen to, hear, see, watch, make, have, let, notice, feel等动词后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。He listened to me play a piece of music. Loud music always makes me want to dance. (2) 现在分词：如keep sb. doing, find sb. doing, see(hear) sb. doing等 I found him sleeping on the floor. He kept me swimming until I was exhausted. (3) 过去分词 When I came back, I found the floor cleaned. (4) 形容词Waiting for her made me angry. The music made me relaxed. (5) 介词短语He found himself in a different world. (6) 名词His mother found him a clever boy. 【典型例题】一、中考真题1. Usually people in Japan and Korea _ when they meet for the first time. A. are supposed to kiss B. are supposed to bow C. suppose to kiss D. suppose to bow 2. The scientist tried his best to make his view _. A. to understand B. understand C. understood D. understanding 3. Amy has no idea _ her summer holidays. A. what she should spend B. when should she spend C. where she should spend D. how should she spend 4. Afternoon tea is _ in the dining room from 3 p. m to 5 p. m every day. A. served B. burned C. cooked D. eaten 5. - How nice the music sounds. - It does! The peaceful music will make you feel _. A. excited B. bored C. moved D. relaxed 6. 根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空 We got a _(science) result through lots of experiments. 二、根据句意、首字母或汉语提示完成单词1. People in China often s_ hands when they first meet. 2. Its rude to p_ your fingers at others. 3. He picked up the f_ and knife to enjoy the steak. 4. I am f_. Ive had enough delicious food. 5. This restaurant is too small to s_ so many people. Lets go to another one. 6. There is a pile of _ (垃圾) in the corner of the street. 7. He gave us a _ (恰当的)example. 8. They _(实验) with a new material and finally they succeeded. 9. Can you work out the _ (谜语)?10. I just came to the city yesterday. All of it is _ (不熟悉的). 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We are _(suppose) to get to school on time. 2. Its not polite to drop by the friends homes without _( call) first. 3. I tried to make my friends _(feel) at home. 4. I couldnt help _ (laugh) while looking at the clown. 5. The students are confused about the _ (confuse) problem. 6. I get _(relax) while listening to light music. 7. When he graduates from the university, he hopes to work on _ (science) studies. 8. They collected the waste things for _(recycle). 9. I was given two forks _(use), but I dont know how to begin with. 10. His parents arent used to _(live) in the noisy city. 四、单项选择 1. Its _ better than I thought it _be. A. more, would B. even, will C. even, would D. a lot of, can 2. A zoo is a good place for children _ on Sundays. A. visited B. visits C. to visit D. visiting 3. - Excuse me, would you please tell me _? - Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office 4. I found _ very useful _ a good book. A. that, to read B. it, read C. it, to read D. that, reading 5. Chinese people are used to _ with chopsticks instead of knives and forks. A. eat B. drink C. eating D. drinking 6. In Switzerland, people _ visit a friends house. A. make plans B. make plans to C. makes plan to D. make a plan 7. Loud music may make people _ fast. A. to eat B. eat C. ate D. eats 8. The children were made _ homework first. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing 9. Im sorry that I have kept you _ me so long. A. waiting B. waiting for C. to wait D. to wait for 10. Many ads are aimed _ teenagers. A. special at B. specially at C. specifically at D. specifically for五、完成句子 1. 首先我们必须制定学习计划。 At first we must _ _ _ study. 2. 现在很多外国人习惯于用筷子吃东西。 Many foreigners _ _ _ _ with chopsticks now. 3. 他们想尽一切办法让我高兴，我感激他们。 They _ _ _ _ _ to make me happy. I thanked them. 4. 假如我去中国，我会顺便去你家拜访。 If I go to China, I will _ _ your home. 5. 在西餐馆，除面包之外，你一定不要用手拿东西吃。 In western restaurant, you _ _ _ eat anything with your hands _ bread. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）一、根据句意和首字母完成单词1. Different countries have different table m_. 2. Japanese and Korean are supposed to b_ when they meet each other. 3. Its rude to d_ by the friends homes without calling first in England. 4. Its difficult to get used to anther countrys c_. 5. The child came running t_ me. 6. Please tell me the t_, so we can make a right decision. 7. Its u_ for women not to have education in the past. 8. A new _(科学的)discovery was made. 9. The desk in our office are clean and _ (发亮的). 10. I dont like sitting on the hard seat. It makes me _ （不舒服）. 二、单项选择1. Its important _ English well. A. to learn B. learned C. learn D. learning2. He used to _ a teacher. A. be B. is C. being D. was3. It often makes me _ my past. A. to think of B. thinking of C. think of D. thought of4. Dont hate the child. _ , he is only eleven. A. At all B. After all C. In all D. For all5. We think _ impossible for him to work out the problem. A. this B. that C. it D. its6. - Mom, look at the old raincoat. It cant even _ the rain. - Oh, yes, Ill buy a new one for you. A. keep on B. keep out C. keep in D. keep from 7. He pretended _ a textbook. In fact he was reading a novel. A. to be looking at B. to look at C. to read D. to be reading8. You should get up early _ you can catch the early bus. A. when B. such that C. so that D. because. 9. Tom was made _ his own things by himself. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do10. I would rather _ to pop music. A. listen not B. not to listen C. not listen D. not listening三、完成句子1. 他用错误的方式向李雷的妈妈问候。 He greeted Li Leis mother _ _ _ _. 2. 你应该按时上学。 You _ _ _ go to school on time. 3. 他犯了很多错误。He _ _ _. 4. 他习惯用刀叉吃饭。He _ _ _ _ a knife and fork to have meals. 5. 我对这件事很熟悉。The thing is _ _ me. 6. 把窗子关上，免得冷风吹进来。Close the window and _ the cold wind _. 7. 粉红色使我感到放松。Pink _ me _. 8. 我爸爸为我买了一块手表。My father _a watch _ me. 9. 父母与我们有不同的品味。We have _ _ _ our parents. 10. 餐馆的老板必须知道如何做菜。 Restaurant owners have to know _ _ make food. 主谓一致一. “主谓一致”这个常见的语法名称，是用来强调句子的主语与谓语在人称、数两方面的一致，协调搭配。例如：He studies very hard . 一句中的主语是He，是第三人称单数形式，这就决定了谓语动词是study的第三人称单数形式，即studies，这是主谓一致中最普遍、最常见的一种，称为“语法一致”，类似的句子还有如：The number of teachers is growing .（主语是number，谓语系动词用is）等。主谓一致的另一种情况是意义上的一致，也就是由主语的实际意义而不是形式来决定谓语动词的形式，包括两种情况：1. 主语为集合名词，要根据实际意义确定谓语动词。例如：类似的词语还有：class，team，company，crowd，public等等。（请同学们根据所学知识完成以下翻译练习）（1）这支足球队由20人组成。（2）全体队员都热情高涨。值得注意的是，有些集合名词是只用其复数意义的，如people和police，其意义分别为“人民”和“警方”，如果单指“人”和“警察”，则用person（s）和policeman / policemen（或police woman / police weman）如：The police have surrounded the building .（警方包围了房子）2. 主语形式上为复数，但实际意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数形式，常见的词有news，physics，politics和mathematics（maths）等。如：The news was very exciting .主谓一致的第三种情况是就近一致，也就是谓语动词的人称与单复数形式是由离它最近的那个主语决定的，这种情况多在There be句型，和由连词or，either or ，neither nor 以及not only but also 连接的句子中出现。例如： A book or some magazines are needed .二. 几个需要注意的问题：1. 当表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等的复数名词或名词短语做主语时，根据意义一致原则，将该名词看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：Three years has passed and the little boy became a young man .Two dollars is two much for me .The Tales of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens .2. 在由all / half / none / most / the rest / a lot / 分数（百分数）+ of + n.这种形式的短语做主语的句子中，其谓语动词要由词组中的名词来决定。如：Half of the apple is rotten .Half of the students are new .3. 两个或两个以上的并列主语是指同一个人或同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Sprite and ice is my favourite drink .The reporter and driver was hurt in the accident .4. 由定冠词the + 形容词（或分词）来构成的短语做主语时，要根据该短语的实际意义来确定谓语的形式，一般情况下该类短语都表示某一类人，如：the rich富人，the old老人，the sick病人，等等。但有时也用来表示某一个人，总体来说，前者的用法较多，如： The sick was Toms father .The wounded were well treated .5. 在主语后跟有as well as，（together / along）with，except，but，besides，rather than，like等词 / 短语所引导的短语，使完成谓语动词所表示的动作的逻辑主语不止一个人或一种事物，这时谓语动词的形式仍要按照句子主语的形式变化，而不考虑这些短语的内容。如：He , as well as his two sisters , likes art better than science .The teacher , rather than the students , is responsible for the accident .6. 主语是由more than one或many a来修饰的名词短语时，其谓语动词往往采用单数形式。如：More than one student has already seen the film .Many a ship has been destroyed in the battle .7. 由不定代词each和every来修饰的名词，即使用and连接形成多个主语的情况下，谓语动词也使用单数形式。如：Every boy and every girl wants to serve the people in future .主谓一致练习示例 例1 Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow .A. is B. am C. are D. be 例2 Last night , there was a food accident . Ten were ill , but no were lost .A. child , lives B. children , life C. children , lives D. child , life 例3 of the teacher in our school is about one hundred , and of them are women teachers .A. The number , two thirdsB. The number , two thirdC. A number , halfD. A number , three quarters 例4 of us has read the story , so we know nothing about it .A. Some B. Both C. None D. All 例5 “ When shall we meet again next time ? ”“ day is ok . ”A. Either B. Neither C. None D. many 例6 the students in our school over two thousand .A. The number of ; isB. The number of ; areC. A number of ; isD. A number of ; are 例7 I think your mother good at cooking .A. am B. is C. are 例8 It seems to me that Lucy and Lily your classmates .A. is B. are C. has D. have 例9 Neither he nor I from Canada . Were from Australia .A. is B. are C. am D. be 例10 of the two new books are interesting .A. All B. Both C. Any D. Either 例11 改错：Neither you nor I were sending e-mails then .A B C D 例12 One of us a new bicycle .A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 例13 eat a lot of rice and fish . A. Japaneses B. Japanese C. Japan people D. People of Japanese 例14 Mrs. Green with her two children often to the museum .A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 例15 All my classmates , except Wu Lin , interested in singing .A. is B. am C. are D. be 例16 Neither the students nor the teacher in the classroom at that moment .A. were B. was C. werent D. wasnt 例17 Most international business letters in English .A. is written B. are written C. is writing D. are writing 例18 Fish and chips the most popular take-away food in England .A. are B. is C. were D. was 例19 my mother my sister watches football games these days .A. Either nor B. Both and C. Neither nor D. Neither or【实战模拟】一. 翻译句子：1. 40%的学生来自南方。2. 我和他都教英语。3. 除了Tom没有人知道他的地址。4. 那个梨子烂掉了一半。二. 填空：1. Not only you but also I （be）right .2. None of the food （waste）.3. Her family （be）a large one and her family （be）all teachers .4. The teacher and singer （come）here every day .5. A teacher and a singer （be）from Shanghai .6. The young （be）our hope .7. Some roses , together with a nice letter , （be）sent to her .8. Four times two （be）eight .9. Either of the stories （be）true .10. A woman with a baby （be）waiting for a bus .三. 选择：1. I here for a long time . A. am B. have been C. am being D. is2. We to a party . A. shall going B. will going C. are going D. am going3. is a good movie . A. She B. It C. He D. They 4. The scientist said that the earth round . A. was B. are C. is D. were5. What we are doing good to the people . A. are B. be C. is D. have been 6. John his cap in the air . A. throw B. have thrown C. threw D. throwed7. Today cold . A. it makes B. it is C. it does D. is it8. John and I students . A. am B. a