部分习题1八级考试练习.doc

部分习题: 1. 八级考试练习 C-E原文： 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多， 于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。E-C英译汉原文：It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 原 文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。原 文：Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.原 文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索Section B原 文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.Section A原 文：加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。Section B原 文：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.SECTION A原 文乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”SECTION B原 文：Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.原文： In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me? she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. Where! Why everywhere, he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. AS Albert Einstein once said, Life for the American is always becoming, never being. 原文： 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。2. 分项练习: （A） 词语翻译翻译以下段落： What will the next decade bring, as we move into a new millennium? Thats getting harder and harder to predict. Change is coming so fast that some of the most important technologies of the 21st century may now be just a sketch on the drawing board or glimmer in the mind of genius. Then again, the transcendent technologies may be right under our noses on the verge of having as great an impact as the car or telephone. 读高中时，我对理科非常感兴趣，成绩也相当好。1985年我被录取到首都师大生物系，在那里我学了四年，主修动物学。1989年我一毕业就到一所职业中学任教。我热爱我的工作，和年轻的学生在一起真好。我真心认为教学是极为光辉的职业。同时，我还在一家公司从事研究工作。当我和外国专家一起工作时，英语派上了用场。但是我常常发现我所学的是不够的。为了提高英语水平，我到一家英语夜校强化英语的听、说能力。在老师的帮助下，经过艰苦努力，我很快取得了进步。In his eagerness to have his home sweet and attractive for Euphrasies coming, Placide had gone less frequently than ever before up to Natchitoches. He worked and whistled and sang until the yearning for the girls presence became a driving need; then he would put away his tools and mount his horse as the day was closing, and away he would go across bayous and hills and fields until he was with her again. She had never seemed to Placide so lovable as she was then. She had grown more womanly and thoughtful. Her cheek had lost much of its color, and the light in her eyes flashed less often. But her manner had gained a something of pathetic tenderness toward her lover that moved him with an intoxicating happiness. He could hardly wait with patience for that day in early April which would see the fulfillment of his lifelong hopes. 当今，住在城市里的人越来越多。结果交通拥挤，道路通常不够用，而且不少道路还过于狭窄。这就是事故甚多的原因。在世界各地的城市里，数以千计的人死于交通事故。所以，必须时常提醒人们交通规则和交通信号。如果没有交通法规，就会有更多的人在交通事故中受害。行人在道路上给自己或他人造成危险的行为是违反交通规则的。任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚一笔款。在某些情况下，如果发现某人屡屡违章，此君则甚至可能进监狱呆上一段时间。要想在路上不违章，你就得遵守交规。司机和骑车者遵守交通规则是很重要的。有人建议违反交通规则的司机得进一个专门 ( 学习 ) 班学习有关规则一段时间。总而言之，不管去那里，为了自己也为了别人的安全，你都要注意交通标志。 The whole world seemed to be a black nothingness. The sky was black with bright stars that never twinkled. The sun, a white, burning disk, seemed to hang in the black velvet of the heavens. This was the scene that spread before the eyes of the first astronaut who left his spaceship to walk in outer space. Previous to this, the “ space walker ” spent months learning to deal with an environment where there is neither gravity nor weight. 蓝色一直是我最喜欢的颜色，以后也是如此。我之所以最喜欢这种颜色有几个理由。首先，蓝色是一种非常平和的颜色，令人愉快。天亮，人们醒来时，如果看到一片灰暗的天空，他们感觉如何？悲伤郁闷。但是，当天空是深蓝色时，我们心中充满喜悦和快乐。我偏爱蓝色的另一个理由是海洋、河流、湖泊在晴朗日子里呈蓝色。每次我去游泳，都觉得似乎获得新生。我认为蓝色是一种优雅、高贵的颜色。我有几套不同颜色的衣服，但是不知怎么，蓝色似乎最适合我。 They look remarkable like great towering thunderheads billowing high into the evening sky as they catch the last rays of the setting sun. They are so sharp, so startlingly three dimensional that the mind wants to bring them down to earth to imagine them rising on the horizon. They are no ordinary clouds, however. They stand not 9,000 m but almost 10 trillion km high. They are illuminated not with ordinary earthly light but with searing ultraviolet radiation spewing from nuclear fires at the center of a handful of newly formed stars. 翻译以下段落：她不是鲁镇人。有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍，死了当家人，所以出来做工了。四叔皱了皱眉，四嫂已经知道了他的意思，是在讨厌她是个寡妇。但看她模样还周正，手脚还壮大，又只是顺着眼，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人，便不管四叔的皱眉，将她留下了。 参考答案：（一）英汉词层对等问题 I. 翻译以下段落：我们步入了新的千年，在今后的十年里会发生什么样的变化呢？要预测这个问题越来越困难。变化将非常迅疾。虽然某些二十一世纪最重要的技术现在可能尚在图板草设的阶段或还只是天才头脑中的一个闪念，但这些超凡的技术马上就要出现在我们眼前，会产生像汽车或电话那么大的影响。When I was studying in high school, I was very interested in and quite good at science. In 1985, I was admitted into the Biology Department of Beijing Normal University, where I stayed for four years, majoring in zoology. Upon graduation in 1989, I got a job as a teacher in a vocational school. I love my job. Its really good to stay with young students. I really believe that teaching is a most brilliant career. Meanwhile I have been engaged in research in a company. English came in handy when I was working with foreign experts. But I often found that what I had learned was not enough. To improve my English, I went to an evening school of English for more training in English speaking and listening. With the help of the teachers and with hard work, I made rapid progress. 普拉西德急着要把家装扮得温馨迷人，以迎接厄弗拉西的到来。所以，他远没有以前那么频繁地去纳基托什。他哼着小调，吹着口哨干活，而心里越来越迫切地要见心上人。夕阳西下，他便收拾工具，翻身上马，踏着落日的余晖，翻山越岭，穿过田野、沼泽去见她。在普拉西德眼里，她从没有这么惹人怜爱。她变得越来越有女人味，为他考虑事情越来越周到。她的两颊已失色不少，两眸也不似往日那么熠熠生辉。但对情人变得含情脉脉、柔情似水，让他神魂颠倒。他急不可待地等着四月初的到来，以圆终生厮守之梦。 Today there are more and more people living in the city. As a result, there is a great deal of traffic and usually not enough roads, and many of the roads are too narrow. Thats one of the main reasons why there are a great many accidents. In cities all over the world thousands of people die in traffic accidents. So, people must constantly be reminded of the traffic laws and traffic signs. If there were no traffic laws, more people would be hurt in traffic accidents. It is against the traffic rules for a pedestrian to use the road in a way that will cause danger to himself or herself or to other people. Any person found breaking the laws can be fined a certain sum of money. In some cases, one may even be put in prison for a certain period of time if he is found to break the laws again and again. In order not to break the rules on the road, you must follow the instructions. And its important that the drivers and riders follow the rules. Some people suggest that the drivers who violate traffic laws be put in a special class and study the rules concerned for some time. All in all, wherever you go, follow the traffic signs, for your own safety, and that of others. 整个世界似乎一片黑暗，空荡无物。漆黑的天空嵌着明亮的星星，却从不眨眼。太阳像一个白色的，燃烧的圆盘状物，悬挂在黑天鹅绒般的天穹。就是这番景象展现在第一个离开宇宙飞船走入太空的宇航员眼前。此前，这位“太空行者”花了几个星期的时间学习适应一个没有地心引力与重量的环境。 Blue has always been my favorite color, and it will always continue to be so. I have several reasons for liking this color best. First, it is a very soothing color and makes people happy. How do people feel when they wake up to a day when the sky is a dirty grey? Sad and gloomy. However, when the sky is deep blue, cheer and joy enter our hearts. Another reason why I am most partial to blue is that it is the color of oceans and rivers and lakes on a sunny day. Whenever I go swimming, I feel as though I were reborn. In my estimation, blue is a very refined and noble color. I have several suits of clothes of different colors, but somehow blue seems to be most becoming to me. 翻译以下段落：当它们捕捉到落日最后的余辉时，看上去雄伟壮观，宛如高耸冲天的雷电之首，高高地翻腾着进入黄昏的天际。它们看上去非常清晰，富有令人惊异的三维感，于是人们想把它们带到地球来，想象着它们从地平线上升起。但它们不是普通的云朵。他们不是在九千米的高度，而是在高达几乎10万亿公里之处。照亮它们的不是普通的人间光芒，而是烧灼的紫外线，从几个刚刚形成的恒星中间的核火焰中喷出。 She was not from the Luzhen Town. Early one winter, when my fourth uncles family wanted a new maid, Ms Wei, an old go-between brought her along. She had a white mourning band round her hair and was wearing a black skirt, blue jacket, and pale green bodice. Her age was about twenty-six or twenty-seven, and though her face was sallow, her cheeks were red. Ms Wei introduced her as Xianglins wife, a neighbour of her mothers family, who wanted to go out to work now that her husband had died. My uncle frowned at this, and my aunt knew that he disapproved of taking on a widow. She looked just the person for them, though, with her big strong hands and feet; and, judging by her downcast eyes and silence, she was a good worker who would know her place. So my aunt ignored my uncles frown and kept her. (B) 句子翻译 While accepting the right of the Government to stop confidential information from being disclosed, Sir Richard said, “ The Crown have not, in my judgment, established by evidence any misuse by the defendant of his position as a former member of the SIS （情报机关） or of information imparted to him in that capacity. ” He believed that the Crown had tried to establish a case on what was far too broad a statement of the fiduciary duty owed by ex-members of intelligence and security agencies. 武夷山是中国东南名山，位于福建省北部。武夷山因两处引人入胜的奇特风景而闻名：如丝带曲折盘绕于群山脚下的九曲溪和屹立于九曲溪畔的陡峭三十六峰。游客攀登在陡峭的山间小路，如入景变无穷之境。站立高峰可尽览他山之峰和九曲溪美景。武夷山不仅风景秀丽，而且还以诸如 3000 年架壑船棺等历史遗迹而闻名。许多著名学者，如朱熹、陆游与辛弃疾等人曾游历，讲学于此。亦有道士来此归隐。从古代起，这里就留下了大量庙宇塔楼、楼阁亭台和摩崖题刻。武夷山风景区资源丰富。那儿有许多享誉国内外奇花异木和名贵药材。 There it was on the bureau, the letterin sacred ink, on blessed paperall over the city, people, if they listened, could hear the beating of George OKellys heart. He read the commas, the blots, and the thumb-smudge on the marginth