职称英语真题6.doc

6 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,”Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,” she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.” The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river wa so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,”said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.” 16. The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.17. George Snyder was a firefighter.18. Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.19. Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.20. There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.21. Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.22. Several people were missing during the storm.3: 概括大意与完成句子 , Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach” campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oilrecycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude”program runs oil-collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4 Five years ago, 11 year old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,”says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.”Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工)，but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and healthrelated services for people in African countries and developing countries.1 Paragraph 1 _(23.1)_ 2 Paragraph 2 _(23.2)_ 3 Paragraph 3 _(23.3)_ 4 Paragraph 4 _(23.4)_ A Provide Clean Water B Dig Oil Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife5 Joying placed the buckets at all public access areas to _(23.5)_ .6 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _(23.6)_ .7 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _(23.7)_ .8 Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _(23.8)_ . A make new materials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butts F collect disposed oil 4: 阅读理解 , Small But Wise On December 14, NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Dont let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe, including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are bom. “Im very excited because were going to be seeing parts of the universe that we havent seen before, ” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project. Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit4( this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky. The pictures taken by WISE wont be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. ” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6. Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, theyre processed by the camera, which then puts the image together. Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras dont see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin. Thats a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes cant. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They dont reflect light, so theyre difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids. Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISEs pictures. These objects are “failed” stars which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead, brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. Theyre so dim that theyre almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow. 1. 24. What is so special about WISE?2. A. It is small in size but carries a large camera. B. It is as small as a trashcan C. Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space. D. Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.25. Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph?A. make B. shoot C. take D. photograph26. The camera on WISE A. is no different from an ordinary camera.B. does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D. reflects light that human eyes can see.3. 27. Which of the following is NOT correct about “asteroids” according to paragraph 7 ?A. Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C. It is difficult to take asteroids pictures by ordinary cameras.D. It is difficult to take asteroids pictures by ordinary cameras.1. 28. What is implied in the last paragraph?A. Brown dwarfs give off visible light. B. Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation. C. Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun. D. Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun. Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe. Last week, the UKs Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party-almost even social occasion.But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a band. The term could mean anything around a mans neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰) impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled (流放) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasnt, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearers membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. 答案解释:29. The tie symbolizes all of the following exceptA. respect B. elegance C. politeness D. democracy 30. Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie? A. Because he wants to make a show. B. Because he wants to attract attention. C. Because ties are costly. D. Because he wants to live in a casual way.31. Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?A. Going to church B. Going to work in the office. C. Staying at home. D. Going to a party. 32. Who brought the Frenchmens neckwear to Britain?A. Tony BlairB. Charles II C. Jim Callaghan D. Andrew Turnbull33. When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?A. After the late 19th century.B. In the 1630s. C. In 1660. D. In the late 18th century. hy Humans Walk on Two Legs A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）trained to use treadmills (跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours. Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax （劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours. The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion（移动) used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill. The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours. We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldnt have been as interesting, Sockol said.” What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasnt the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours. The other used less energy walking upright. These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than their quadrupedal peers. Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds. Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era (中世纪) some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy. This isnt the complete answer, Sockol said. But its a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human? And why do we alone walk on two legs? 1. 34. Michael Sockol and his team were interested inA. where humans came from.B. how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.C. when our earliest ancestors began to live in forested areasD. why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs. 35. The phrase worked out in paragraph 3 could be replaced byA. calculated. B. exercised. C. understood. D. planned. 36. What did the researchers find in the experiment?A. One chimp used about the same energy in walking on two legs as on all fours B. Human walking used more energy than bipedal walking in chimps. C. Two chimps used more energy walking on two legs. D. Three chimps used less energy walking on two legs.37. The word quadrupeds in paragraph 6 is a technical word forA. creatures with four feet. B. creatures with two feet. C. creatures with six feet. D. creatures with eight feet.38. What does fossil and molecular evidence tell us about our earliest ancestors?A. They experienced more climate changes than we do today. B. They were forced to travel between food patches.C. They could cover more ground with less energy. D. They were much taller than modern man. 5: 补全短文 , Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesnt seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, peoples minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police questioning is enormous. _(39.1)_ “The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise its impossible to understand why someone would s