Unit1Nothingventured学生讲义.doc

Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gainedSection 1:1. venture n. 商业，企业；冒险的行动 v. 冒险，敢于做He failed in his ventures. 他投机失败。Nobody ventured any objection at the meeting. 会上无人敢提反对意见。He the drowning child. 他冒着生命危险去救那个快要淹死的孩子。小心地说，谨慎地做 冒着的危险 冒险，奇异的经历 n. He (冒牺牲生命的危险) to save the child in the ruins. (risk)Many people now (冒险把钱投在) the stock market. (venture)2. endurance n. 忍耐力，耐性；持久He showed remarkable power of endurance. 他表现出十分突出的忍耐力。Long distance runners need great endurance. 长跑运动员需要有很大的耐力。忍无可忍 耐力测试 Vt. 忍耐，容忍；持久 可忍受（容忍）的 We during the war. 我们在战时忍受了很多的苦难。If help does not come, we must . 我们必须坚持到最后。The peace shouldnt be broken by few countries. 持久的和平Seeing animals cruelly treated is . 看到动物被虐待简直是忍无可忍。What he said isnt . 他所说的让人无法容忍。3. block out 封闭；画出的略图I have blocked out a plan of the house. 我已绘出了房子的草图。They had to block out all entrances to stop the spreading of the fire.他们不得不封住所有入口以阻挡大火的蔓延。Try to these holes in the wall. 设法堵塞这些墙洞。（阻碍，阻塞，堵塞）4. rotten The fruit is starting to go rotten. 腐烂变质；腐朽的She is a rotten singer. 非常糟糕的，恶劣的，蹩脚的The organization is rotten to the core. 腐败的（这个组织腐败透顶。）The mother spoils the children rotten. adv. 很大程度上，非常Some apples . 有些苹果在树上就腐烂了。(rot)The window frame (已经完全烂掉了).Too much sugar will (使你的牙齿烂).Food (腐烂) easily in summer. 5. blacken vt. 变黑，使变黑He blackened the wrong parts in his composition. 他把作文中的错误部分涂黑。使丰富 鼓励 加强 使锋利 使扩大 使处于危险 使(变)黑 加宽 加深 The road is so narrow, and it will be (加宽) this summer. (激励) by his words, his students devoted all of their time to study.The power of the central government has been further (加强).That experience (拓宽，扩大) their knowledge about history.6. blast n. 一阵（疾风），一股（气流），(爆炸所引起的)冲击波An icy blast of wind blew his hat off.The blast from the bomb blew out all the windows in the area.vt. 炸，炸掉They are trying to blast away the hill to pave the way for the new highway.The rocket is due to blast off at 14:30. (火箭等的)发射，升空He liked the book so much that he read it at a blast. (一鼓作气)at full blast (工作，活动)达到高潮，大规模地in blast 在鼓风7. hold on 坚持，继续；请等一下，不要挂断They managed to hold on until help arrived.Could you hold on? Ill just see if the manager is in.压低，压制 阻止，抑制，隐瞒 抓住；执着于，固守 伸出，持续，坚持到底 举起，阻止 We can stay here for as long as our supplies .我们可以在这里一直待到我们的储备品用完。She just managed to her anger. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪。He hasnt turned up. What ? 他到现在还没到。是什么耽误了他？8. Dont you go turning into another Tom. 该句是祈使句的强调说法，语气很强。表示关照或警告对方。别再迟到了。 .不要忘了这次教训。 .Dont you? 是修辞疑问句，说明问话者的责备、劝告等语气。难道你不知道真相吗？ ?其他几类带主语的祈使句：(1) 为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时You tell him what I said. 你把我所说的话告诉他。Everybody stand up. 大家都站起来。(2) 表达气愤、不满、厌烦、急躁等情绪时You get out of here! 你给我滚出这儿。(3) 表示对照或区别不同的说话对象时Helen, you clean the window, and Paul, you sweep the floor.(4) 当祈使句中有in, out, away, up, off等状语副词置于句首时Up you stand! 你站起来。9. bless v. 赐福于，感谢；保护免于I blessed him for helping me. 真要谢谢他帮了我。有幸得到，被赋予 be blessed withOur country natural resources. 我们国家拥有丰富的自然资源。n. 祝福，幸运 adj. 神圣的，有福的；该死的 Good health is a blessing. 健康就是幸福。My being late is all for that car.Father gives his to our holiday plans.10. So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement: 于是在1914年7月的一个早晨，我极其兴奋地读了以下这则广告：11. hook n. 钩，吊钩；vt. 钩住；使入迷，上瘾He hung his coat on the hook behind the door.Keep still; your hair is hooked on a button.She was hooked by what the man had said.摆脱危险，脱离困境 陷入困境 用钩子钩住；安装接通 I hope you can send a man to my telephone soon. 我希望你能赶紧找人安装好我的电话机。The man was designed by his beloved friend. 这个人掉进了他挚爱的朋友设计的陷阱。12. crush vt. 压碎，碾碎；弄皱；（喻）镇压，制服，压垮He crushed the chair by sitting on it.The general crushed the rebellion. 将军镇压了叛乱。n. 极度挤压；果汁，粉碎There is always such a crush on the train in the morning.早晨火车上总是那么拥挤。He (挤出一条路来) across the hall to his seat.The machine can (将小麦磨成) powder.13. urgent I must post this letter; its urgent. be urgent with sb. for sth. 硬向某人要某物Monica was urgent with me for further particulars.Monica硬要我给她（讲）接下来的详细情况。n. 紧急，迫切；强求 vt. 推进，极力主张，强调，激励；n. 冲动，热情，强烈要求 She urged that him. 她主张我应该向他道歉。He . 他策马前进。They with them. 他们力劝我们跟他们一起走。14. perseverance This job can be done only with perseverance. 必须有毅力才能完成这项工作。persevere (at /with/in) v. 坚持, 坚持不懈persevering adj. 坚持不懈的，坚持住的He persevered with his work. 他孜孜不倦地工作。把工作坚持下去，你就会成功。 .15. swear vt. & vi. (swore; sworn)（1）发誓，郑重承诺（不用于被动语态）swear to do sth./swear that 发誓swear off sth. 发誓不做某事 swear by sth. 对发誓，极其信赖She swore that she had never seen him. 她肯定地说，她从未见过他。She made him . 她要他发誓不告诉任何人。（2）swear sb. in 使某人宣誓就职Witnesses were required to swear on the Bible. 证人需手按圣经宣誓。（3）swear at 咒骂The foreman is always swearing at the workers. 那工头总是对工人们骂骂咧咧。Obama (宣誓就职) in January 2009.Ive decided to . (宣布戒烟)Section 21. freezing (1) adj. freezing point 冰点 Shut the window; Im freezing. Its freezing outside! (2) adv. 冰冻一样地 Its freezing cold outside. (3) n. 结冰，冰洁 In the summer, large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. 夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶加以保存。 (4) freeze v. 酷寒，使冻结，冰僵，毛骨悚然 Please freeze the fish and meat. It froze hard last night. The story froze me with terror. 那故事把我吓得毛骨悚然。 比较：freezing表示天气、态度等极冷的、冷淡的 frozen 表示食品的冷冻或人的冷淡无情，常修饰名词。 a frozen heart冷酷的心 frozen fish 冷冻鱼 The smile at the bad news. 听到那个坏消息，笑容在她脸上僵住了。2. gratitude 出于感激 He accepted her help . 他心怀感激地接受了她的帮助。 He gave them a lovely bookcase their kindness. 他送给他们一个精致的书橱以答谢他们的好意。 I your kind offer. 对于您善意的帮助，我深表感激。(gratitude)3. punishment n. 惩罚，惩处 He was sent to his room as a punishment. 通过某事惩罚某人 . 因为某事惩罚某人 She . 她因说谎而被处罚了。(punish) They have been . 他们受到了法律的惩罚。4. 难怪他总是考第一。 我想知道他在做什么。 Section 31. odd adj. 奇数的，单个的，少量的，不经常的，奇怪的，古怪的 His odd behaviors made us surprised. He hasnt got a regular job, but earns some money by doing odd jobs for old people. 他没有固定工作，但他靠为老人打零工赚钱。 odds n. 可能的机会；不平等的事物 It makes no odds. 没有关系/没有差别。 be at odds (with sb.) (over/on sth.) （为某事）（与某人）争吵，争论 odds and ends 零星杂物 against all (the) odds 尽管有极大的困难，尽管极为不利 , racing driver Lauda recovered from his terrible injuries. 尽管非常困难，赛车手劳德在严重受伤的情况下痊愈了。They were constantly . 他们常互相争吵。The mother made a shirt for the boy .母亲用碎布给男孩做了一件衬衣。2. Left behind, we watched(1) 过去分词作状语G , I can surprise the world. 给我一次机会，我能使世界震惊。W , the book is popular with young man.这本书风格简约，深受年轻人欢迎。(write)(2) leavebehind 遗留，忘记携带；留下I left my hat behind on the chair.The lights of the city were soon left behind.He left a great fame behind (him).3. delay v. 延迟，延期 n. 推迟，延期的事，耽搁 The train was delayed for two hours. What yesterday？昨天什么事耽搁你这么长时间？ We their school because of the storm. 由于这场暴风雨，我们延期把这些书送到他们学校。 I arrived there . 我顺利抵达，毫不耽搁。4. discourage vt. 使丧失勇气，使泄气/气馁；阻拦，劝阻 Dont let one failure discourage you. His parents the air force. 劝他不要参加(空军) n. 挫折，气馁，泄气，阻拦，扫兴（的事） adj. 泄气的，气馁的，沮丧的 adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的 If you meet with any difficulty in your study, dont be discouraged. We were all at the news that no one would us to venture on the island. Her parents tried to her from becoming a singer, which is a.5. grasp I grasped the opportunity to work abroad. 抓住机会 He grasped my hand and shook warmly. 他热情地抓住我的手握了起来。 He tried his best to grasp his meaning. 理解，领悟，明白 He grasped at anything that might help him. 试图抓住，急于接住 n. 抓住，理解 Success is within his grasp. 成功唾手可得。 These sentences are beyond the grasp of the child. 这些句子超出了这孩子的理解。6. give off 发出，放出（蒸汽，气味等） The engine gives off smoke and steam. The flowers . 这些花散发出芳香。 放弃，停止，抛弃 归还，后退，反射（声，光等） 投降，屈服，让步；交上 发布，发出（声音，光线，气味等） 送掉，赠送，泄露，出卖 I wish I could . 我希望自己能戒酒。 His accent a northerner. 他的口音让人听出他是北方人。 He has refused to on the matter. 他拒绝透露有关此事的任何