外研英语八下模块1-3总结.doc

Module 1 Feelings and impressionsUnit 11. What a delicious smell? Smell:一股气味 （可数名词） 语法点：感叹句（表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子）一、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。1. What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ What+名词词组+主语+谓语！ 如: What a fine day it is!2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语! 如: What kind women they are! What nice music it is!二、由How引导的感叹句。（how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。）1.How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！如: How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is!2. How+主语+谓语！ 如：How time flies! 时光飞逝!三、注意:1. 当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。如: How fast the runner runs!2. how与what引导的感叹句中的第一种格式(单数名词)一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。 如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is!3. 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。 如: What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）_ good advice! Its so helpful to us. (what / How) _ interesting the story is! (What / How)关于感叹句 what 和 how 的区别： 一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语（it is就是主语加谓语）. 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ 二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰 副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is). 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is !（is 可要可不要） 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！2. nice: adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。3. would like 比want 语气更委婉。 -Would you like to stay here with us? - Yes, Id like / love to.4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的 修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课5. Im afraid that + 从句: 恐怕 （表示歉意或让对方失望的情况） Im afraid that I cant come to your party tomorrow.6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点 后接形容词，副词或形容词，副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left.a bit of + 不可数名词：There is a bit of water in the bottle.7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。9. be done: 做好了，完成了 done: adj. 做好了的，完成了10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对确信 Im sure of / about the telephone number. Be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus.11. lucky day:幸运日 Youre a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 （lucky dog, Every dog has its day.）Unit 21. thanks for = thank you for: 因而感谢你 Thank you for your help/sending me photos.2. message: 口信,信息（可数名词）take a message:捎口信leave a message:留信 Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week.4. cant wait to do sth. : 等不及 / 迫不及待做某事 I cant wait to open the present.5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词 + 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2）quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。 very: 1) a very + 形容词 + 名词 a very nice boy 2) very 与much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。He likes English very much.6. sound like: 听起来（像） The music sounds very beautiful.7. 1) sb. spend some time / money (in) doing sth.: 某人花费时间 / 钱做某事Dont spend too much time (in) playing computer games. 2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间 / 钱在某事/某物上I spent ten Yuan on this book. Many people spend their free time on their hobbies.8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人 / 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children.9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事 / 做某事 Im good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming.10. How do you feel about？= What do you think of ? = How do you like？ How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film?11. in: 在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用how soon - How soon will you leave Beijing? - Ill come back in three days.12. how to do things: 疑问词 + 不定式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语 1) I dont know what to do. = I dont know what I should do. （作宾语）疑问词加不定式作宾语时可以转换成宾语从句。 2) When to hold the meeting hasnt been decided. （作主语） 3) His dream is how to be a good scientist. （作表语） 4) I dont know what to do. = I dont know how to do it. 13. 1) be afraid of sb. / sth. : 害怕某人/某物 Im afraid of doctors / dogs. 2) be afraid of doing sth.: 害怕做某事 Im afraid of flying / going out at night. 3) be afraid to do sth.: 害怕做某事 Im afraid to swim across the river. 4) Im afraid that: 恐怕 Im afraid that you must study hard.语法点：表示感觉和知觉的系动词也称感官系动词1. 五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词与眼、耳、口、鼻、手相关系。 look, sound, taste, smell, feel + 形容词 He feels tired after work.2. 感官系动词后可接介词like, like后常接名词。 His idea sounds like fun .3. 感官系动词的句型结构与be 不同，其否定形式和疑问形式要借助动词 do。 The food tastes delicious. 变成否定句 The food doesnt taste delicious. 变成一般疑问句 Does the food taste delicious?4.持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay The weather will keep warm for 7 days. 5.变化系动词有become, grow, turn, get, go等。Module 2 ExperiencesUnit 11. 1) enter = take part in = join in 参加 enter a competition: 参加比赛 2) enter = come / go into 进入 Please enter the classroom.2. ever: 曾经、从来，用于现在完成时的疑问句、否定句。 1) Have / Has sb. ever + done sth. ? 某人曾经做过某事吗？Have you ever entered a club? 2) ever用于否定句，not ever = never 从来She hasnt ever entered any competitions.3. before adv. 以前, 与现在完成时连用; 也可与一般过去时/一般现在时连用,位于句末。 She has never been to Beijing before.Turn off the light before you leave the room. He came back before 10 oclock last night.4. 1) afford: 买得起、付得起，常与can, could, be able to 连用。The house is too expensive. I cant afford it. 2) afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，can afford to do sth.: 有能力支付做某事 can afford to buy sth.: 买得起某物 I can afford to visit Shanghai this year. He is very poor and cant afford to buy a house in the city.5. Thats a pity. What a pity! 真遗憾！ Its a pity that: 太可惜了 Its a pity that you cant come to the party.6. here , there , out, in 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装；如果主语是代词，句子则要部分倒装。 Here is a gift for you. Here comes the bus. (主语是名词) Here it is. Here you are. (主语是代词)7. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语，位于句首或句中。 To catch the early bus, I get up early. (位于句首，其后有逗号) He studied hard to pass the exam. (位于主句后即句末)8. make up: 编造，组成 Can you make up a story? be made up of: 由组成 The basketball team is made up of 20 players.9. 1) I hope that (宾语从句) 表示祝愿: I hope that my dream will come true. 2) hope / wish to do sth.: I wish to become a doctor in the future. 3) wish sb. to do sth.: I wish you to come to my birthday party.10. 1) invite sb. to do sth.: 邀请某人做某事 Lily invited me to see a film yesterday. 2) invite sb. to someplace: 邀请某人去某地 Ill invite Lilly to my party.Unit 21. 数词-名词-形容词：合成 /复合形容词，其中的名词必须用单数形式，只能放在名词前做定语，不能作表语。 Tom is an eight-year-old boy. Tom is eight years old.2. move to sp.: 搬到某地 They are moving to Beijing in a month.他们一个月后要搬到北京。3.1) send sb. to do sth: 派某人做某事 They sent some scientists to work in Beijing. 2)send sb. to someplace: 派某人去某地 The school sent Tom to Guilin. 3)send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.: 送/ 寄给某人某物 I sent Lily a book. = I sent a book to Lily.4. the + 姓氏s :一家人，夫妇 , 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths are having dinner now.5. 1) has / have been to: 去过某地(表示经历)，人现在已回来，常与ever, never，次数等连用。I have been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次了。 2) has /have gone to: 去某地了（表示此人不在这儿），不能用于第三人称。 - May I speak to Li Tao? 我可以和地涛通话吗？ - Sorry. He has gone to Beijing. 很抱歉。他去北京了。3) has / have been in: 住在/ 在，是延续性动词短语，可以与时间段连用。 He has been in Shanghai / for ten years. since he worked .7.be different from: 与不同 His bike is different from mine.8. think / find / feel it + adj.(形容词) to do sth.: 觉得/ 认为/感觉做某事 I think it important to learn English well. I find it boring to play computer games. 9. so far= up to now: 到目前为止，常与现在完成时连用,位于句首或句末。 We have planted 2,000 trees so far. So far I have learned 10,000 words.10. 1) ask sb. (not) to do sth.: 要求/ 让某人（不）做某事 Tom asked his mother to wake him up at seven oclock. 2) ask sb. about sth.: 向某人询问有关某事 ask ab. for sth.: 向某人要某物 Tom asked me about the homework. I asked Tom for a book.Module 3 Journey to spaceUnit 11. What are you up to? = What are you doing ? up to:忙于2. 1) just: 刚刚，用于现在完成时，位于助动词后，实义动词前。The train has just left. 2) just now = a moment ago 刚才，常与一般过去时连用，位于句末。I saw an old friend just now.3. yet: 1) 用于现在完成时的疑问句中，位于句末，意为“已经”。 Have you finished your homework yet? 2) 用于现在完成时的否定句中，位于句末，意为“还没有”，notyet I have not seen the film yet. 我还没看过这部电影。 already:已经，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，位于助动词has / have后,有时位于句末。 I have already finished my homework. I have seen the film already.4. the latest news: 最新的消息5. Thats why: 那就是的原因 why在此引导的是表语从句。 My bike was broken. Thats why I was late for school.6. discover: 发现本已存在的客观事物、科学上的新发现。 Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。 (discover VS. invent)7. 1) no one = nobody 没有人, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，只指人，不能指物。 No one likes this kind of book. 2) None: 可以接of短语，既可以指人也可以指物。None of the coats is red.8. in order to do sth.:为了做某事,表目的，位于句首或句中,可与so as to do sth.相互转换。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. = In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.9. 1) one day: 某一天（过去/ 将来），用过去/ 将来时 Ill realize my dream one day 2) some day: 某一天 （将来），用一般将来时 Ill travel around the world some day. 3) The other day: 几天前（过去），用一般过去时 I met an old friend in the street the other day.Unit 2 1. there be 就近原则：be 动词与和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 there be 的一般将来时结构为：there will be 或There is / are going to be There is a bank and some pens on the desk. There will be / is going to be a football match tomorrow.语法点：主谓一致（1）就近原则：这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,either or ，neither nor ，not only but also 等.例如： Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任. Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧. Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts. 不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会. Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事. （2）意义一