五年高考真题2018-2013语法填空专题.ppt

一 语法填空的考查范围 1语境 上下文 2语法 动词 时态 语态 主谓一致 非谓语形式 名词 代词 冠词 介词 连词 固定搭配 情态动词 复合句 形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法 倒装等 语法填空题 空格设计 纯空格 有提示词 给出了动词的试题 词类词义转换题 1谓语动词 时态和语态 语气 2非谓语动词3词类转换 名词 单复数 所有格 词性转换形容词 副词 比较级或最高级 词性或词义转换代词 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词数词 基数词 序数词 注意 词形变化类 词性不一定要变有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词 un im in less 1代词it或其它代词2连词或从句的引导词3介词或表逻辑关系的副词4冠词 a an the 5情态动词 强调助动词等6特殊句式 强调句型itis that therebe句型 感叹句型how what 倒装句型 知识贮备 各种词类和句子成分时态和语态谓语和非谓语虚拟语气特殊句式简单句 并列句 复合句 三大从句 二 语法填空的能力要求 1 阅读 理解语篇的能力2 分析句子结构的能力3 熟练运用语法的能力4 单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等 对中下层考生来说 难度较大 三 重点复习 掌握句子的基本结构和词法基础 时态语态 非谓语动词 三大从句首先 我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构 1 主语 系动词 表语 2 主语 谓语 3 主语 谓语 宾语 4 主语 谓语 双宾语 5 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补其次 我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类 1 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词 此外 还有动名词 不定式短语等 2 充当谓语的一定是动词 3 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词 名词 介词短语 4 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词 5 作状语的典型词类是副词再次 我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构 两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号 就必须要用连词 否则句子的结构就不完整 连词主要有以下四类 1 用and but or while 而 却 when 就在这个时候 等构成并列句 2 用if unless before after until although though as since because so sothat等构成含状语从句的复合句 这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句 复合句是带有从句的句子 3 用who which that when where why等构成含定语从句的复合句 这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的 但也须结合句子结构来分析 4 用that if whether 是否 wh 等构成含名词性从句的复合句 1 有提示词 主要是动词 形容词 副词以及名词动词需要注意动词的时态 语态 人称和数的变化 非谓语动词 虚拟语气 有时可能出现多点的综合 如willbebuilt hasbeenbuilt 形容词和副词的相互转换及比较级的运用 名词的单复数 或根据句法要求所进行的各类词类之间的变换等2 无提示词 主要是冠词 介词 代词 连接词 情态动词 首先 要分析句子结构 根据句子结构所缺的成分确定是哪类词 然后 根据全文大意和上下文的逻辑关系来确定什么词 二 真题发布 2018全国课标卷I Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal runnerslivethreeyears61 long thannon runners Youdon thavetorunfastorforlong62 see thebenefit Youmaydrink smoke beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63 die earlybyrunning Whilerunningregularlycan tmakeyouliveforever thereviewsaysit64 be moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking cyclingorswimming Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67 cause Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo Butotherwise it sprobablyrunning Toavoidkneepain youcanrunonsoftsurfaces doexercisesto68 strength yourlegmuscles 肌肉 avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes Runningischeap easyandit salways69 energy Ifyouaretimepoor youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry 二 真题发布 2018全国课标卷I Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal runnerslivethreeyears61 long thannon runners Youdon thavetorunfastorforlong62 see thebenefit Youmaydrink smoke beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63 die earlybyrunning Whilerunningregularlycan tmakeyouliveforever thereviewsaysit64 be moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking cyclingorswimming Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67 cause Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo Butotherwise it sprobablyrunning Toavoidkneepain youcanrunonsoftsurfaces doexercisesto68 strength yourlegmuscles 肌肉 avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes Runningischeap easyandit salways69 energy Ifyouaretimepoor youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry 61 longer 62 tosee63 dying64 is65 than66 that which67 causes68 strengthen69 energetic70 it running 二 真题发布 2018全国课标卷II DietshavechangedinChina andsotoohasitstopcrop Since2011 thecountry61 grow morecornthanrice Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover 62 past25years whilericehasincreasedonly7percent Atasteformeatis63 actual behindthechange Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens pigs andcattle Anotherreasonforcorn srise Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64 improve waterquality Cornuseslesswater 65 riceandcreateslessfertilizer 化肥 runoff Thisswitchhasdecreased66 pollute inthecountry smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople AccordingtotheWorldBank Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67 globe fertilizerconsumption TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005 whenthegovernment68 start asoil testingprogram69 givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers and2011 fertilizerusedroppedby7 7milliontons Thatpreventedtheemission 排放 of51 8milliontonsofcarbondioxide China sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70 feed itscitizens offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide saysthebank sJuergenVoegele 二 真题发布 2018全国课标卷II DietshavechangedinChina andsotoohasitstopcrop Since2011 thecountry61 grow morecornthanrice Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover 62 past25years whilericehasincreasedonly7percent 61 hasgrown62 the63 actually64 toimproveAtasteformeatis63 actual behindthechange Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens pigs andcattle Anotherreasonforcorn srise Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64 improve waterquality Cornuseslesswater 65 riceandcreateslessfertilizer 化肥 runoff Thisswitchhasdecreased66 pollute inthecountry smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople 65 than66 pollution67 global68 startedAccordingtotheWorldBank Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67 globe fertilizerconsumption TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005 whenthegovernment68 start asoil testingprogram69 givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers and2011 fertilizerusedroppedby7 7milliontons Thatpreventedtheemission 排放 of51 8milliontonsofcarbondioxide China sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70 feed itscitizens offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide saysthebank sJuergenVoegele 69 that which70 feeding 二 真题发布 2018全国课标卷III I mnotsure61ismorefrightened meorthefemalegorilla 大猩猩 thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere I mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic Unexpectedly I mface to facewiththegorilla whobeginsscreamingat62topofherlungs Thatmakesherbabyscream andthena400 poundmaleappears Hescreamsthe63 loud ofall Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme Iquicklylowermyself duckingmyheadtoavoid64 look directlyintohiseyessohedoesn tfeel65 challenge MynameisMireyaMayor I ma66 science whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys Iwassearching67thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI dbeenobserving Noonehadseenthemforhours andmycolleaguesandIwereworried WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother Iwasjustgladtofind68 they alive Truetogorilla sunaggressivenature thehugeanimal69 mean norealharm Hewasjustsaying I mkingofthisforest andhereisyourreminder Oncehismessagewasdelivered heallowedme70 stay andwatch 二 真题发布 2018全国课标卷III I mnotsure61ismorefrightened meorthefemalegorilla 大猩猩 thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere I mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic Unexpectedly I mface to facewiththegorilla whobeginsscreamingat62topofherlungs Thatmakesherbabyscream andthena400 poundmaleappears Hescreamsthe63 loud ofall Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme Iquicklylowermyself duckingmyheadtoavoid64 look directlyintohiseyessohedoesn tfeel65 challenge 61 who62 the63 loudest64 looking65 challengedMynameisMireyaMayor I ma66 science whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys Iwassearching67thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI dbeenobserving Noonehadseenthemforhours andmycolleaguesandIwereworried WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother Iwasjustgladtofind68 they alive Truetogorilla sunaggressivenature thehugeanimal69 mean norealharm Hewasjustsaying I mkingofthisforest andhereisyourreminder Oncehismessagewasdelivered heallowedme70 stay andwatch 66 scientist67 for68 them69 meant70 tostay 二 真题发布 2017全国课标卷I Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt Thistrend whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity 医学界 61amethodoffightingheartdisease hashadsomeunintendedside62 effect suchasoverweightandheartdisease theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet Theyarerequired63 process thefoodthatweeat torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions Whenfatandsalt64 remove fromfood thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething As65result peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing Even66 bad theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup Fastfood67 be fulloffatandsalt by68 eat morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack 吃点心 betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood However be69 care nottogotoextremes Likeanything itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth 70isnotgoodforthehealth 二 真题发布 2017全国课标卷I Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt Thistrend whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity 医学界 61amethodoffightingheartdisease hashadsomeunintendedside62 effect suchasoverweightandheartdisease theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet Theyarerequired63 process thefoodthatweeat torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions Whenfatandsalt64 remove fromfood thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething As65result peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing Even66 bad theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup Fastfood67 be fulloffatandsalt by68 eat morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack 吃点心 betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood However be69 care nottogotoextremes Likeanything itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth 70isnotgoodforthehealth 61 as62 effects63 toprocess64 areremoved65 a66 worse67 is68 eating69 careful70 which 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷I Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires Asia sbiggestbuilding andfancynewhotels Butfortouristslikeme pandasareitstop 61 attract Soitwasagreathonortobeinvitedbackstageatthenot for profitPandaBase whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch I 62 allow togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600 acrecentre Fromtomorrow IwillbetheirUKambassador Thetitlewillbe 63 official giventomeataceremonyinLondon Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback 64 mydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s 65 IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter 66 permit tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude 67 introduce Britishvisitorstothe120 pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia Onmyrecentvisit Iheldalivelythree month oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby 68 it mother Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew 69 day withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle fed 70 otheriswithmum sheneversuspects 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷I Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires Asia sbiggestbuilding andfancynewhotels Butfortouristslikeme pandasareitstop 61 attract Soitwasagreathonortobeinvitedbackstageatthenot for profitPandaBase whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch I 62 allow togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600 acrecentre Fromtomorrow IwillbetheirUKambassador Thetitlewillbe 63 official giventomeataceremonyinLondon Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback 64 mydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s 65 IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter 66 permit tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude 67 introduce Britishvisitorstothe120 pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia Onmyrecentvisit Iheldalivelythree month oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby 68 it mother Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew 69 day withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle fed 70 otheriswithmum sheneversuspects 61 attraction 62 wasallowed 63 officially 64 to 65 when 66 permitted 67 introducing 68 its 69 days 70 the 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷II Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify 识别 thoseof41 great andlessimportance Then handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou llfeelarealsenseof42 achieve Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43 be oftenacceptable Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday So getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished Recent46 study showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47 regular Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while exercising ordoingsomethingyouenjoy Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice you llbelesslikely49 bring yourworkhome Itcouldbeanything gardening cooking music sports butwhateveritis 50 make sureit sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷II Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify 识别 thoseof41 great andlessimportance Then handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou llfeelarealsenseof42 achieve Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43 be oftenacceptable Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday So getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished Recent46 study showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47 regular Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while exercising ordoingsomethingyouenjoy Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice you llbelesslikely49 bring yourworkhome Itcouldbeanything gardening cooking music sports butwhateveritis 50 make sureit sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout 41 greater 42 achievement 43 is 44 on 45 as 45 studies 46 regularly 48 a 49 tobring 50 make 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷II Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify 识别 thoseof41 great andlessimportance Then handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou llfeelarealsenseof42 achieve Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43 be oftenacceptable Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday So getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished Recent46 study showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47 regular Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while exercising ordoingsomethingyouenjoy Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice you llbelesslikely49 bring yourworkhome Itcouldbeanything gardening cooking music sports butwhateveritis 50 make sureit sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout 41 greater 42 achievement 43 is 44 on 45 as 45 studies 46 regularly 48 a 49 tobring 50 make Theyhavewonfiveprizesinthecompetition makingthemthebestteam 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷III InmuchofAsia especiallytheso called ricebowl culturesofChina Japan Korea 41Vietnam foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks Chopsticksareusuallytwolong thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo Theycanalsobemadeofplastic animalboneormetal Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42 make ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43 create specialdesigns TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots 44 use twigs 树枝 toremoveit Overtime 45thepopulationgrew peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46 gradual turnedintochopsticks SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius 47livedfromroughly551to479B C influencedthe48 develop ofchopsticks Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49 be tooviolentforuseatthetable ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia InIndia forexample mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands 二 真题发布 2016全国课标卷III InmuchofAsia especiallytheso called ricebowl culturesofChina Japan Korea 41Vietnam foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks Chopsticksareusuallytwolong thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo Theycanalsobemadeofplastic animalboneormetal Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42 make ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43 create specialdesigns TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots 44 use twigs 树枝 toremoveit Overtime 45thepopulationgrew peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46 gradual turnedintochopsticks SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius 47livedfromroughly551to479B C influencedthe48 develop ofchopsticks Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49 be tooviolentforuseatthetable ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia InIndia forexample mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands and bemade tocreate using as 45as when gradually who development were with withthepopulation sgrowth 二 真题发布 2016四川卷 Thegiantpanda61 love bypeoplethroughouttheworld Chinesescientists62 recent hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby Shewasavery63 care mother For25days sheneverleftherbaby noteventofindsomething64 eat Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean Anysmellmightattractnatural65 enemy thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes 66itcried sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda67morethantwoyears Bythattime thepandanolongerneeded68 it motherforfood However itstayedwithherandleanedaboutthewaysoftheforest Then aftertwoandahalfyears themother69 drive theyoungpandaaway Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby 70itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent 二 真题发布 2016四川卷 Thegiantpanda61 love bypeoplethroughouttheworld Chinesescientists62 recent hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby Shewasavery63 care mother For25days sheneverleftherbaby noteventofindsomething64 eat Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean Anysmellmightattractnatural65 enemy thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes 66itcried sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda67morethantwoyears Bythattime thepandanolongerneeded68 it motherforfood However itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest Then aftertwoandahalfyears themother69 drive theyoungpandaaway Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby 70itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent 61 isloved 62 recently 63 caring careful 64 toeat 65 enemies 66If When 67 for 68 its 69 drove 70 and 二 真题发布 2016四川卷 Thegiantpanda61 love bypeoplethroughouttheworld Chinesescientists