单项填空题典型错误例析.doc

单项填空题 典型错解例析重点突出，所涉及的考点具有较强的代表性。高考为了适应选拔性考试的要求，单项填空题的设置每年均有一定难度，题干中往往含有一定的语境，使考生在理解上存在障碍。本文试着从如下几个方面来分析高考中单选题的典型错解，并提供相应对策。一翻译当先，不作深入分析许多学生面对单选题，第一反映就是填空再翻译，并不是依据多种信息或语法知识作深入分析。如果他感觉说得通，他也就选对了这个答案。这是一个及其普遍得错误。翻译得方法在客观上有时能奏效。但面对单选题越来越依赖于语境得判断这一特点的今天，翻译法让人极易钻入解题的误区。原因很简单翻译法使部分学生忽视了语言环境，只注重意思。此种错误在对情态动词，交际用语，词语辨析，从句等知识的考查时尤其易犯。如：1. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _ be ready by 12:00.(NMET98) A. can B. should C.might D. need此题句意为：我什么时候来取相片呢？我可是明天下午需要这些相片。相片想必会在（明天中午）十二点之前洗出来的。因为can及might都可表示可能性，许多学生就依据习惯翻译，选了此两答案之一，而忽略了should可以表示可能性的推测，且表示推测时的语气强于can及might，意为“想必会，照说应该。”。而此句中的语境刚好也要求商家给出非常明确的答案，而非含混不定的言辞，故正确答案为B.2. -May I move your bag a little and take this seat? -_.A. I dont mind B. Go ahead C. It doesnt matter D. Do it please此题学生极易受汉语化翻译影响选择C（没关系，不要紧）及D，而不知C在交际用语中是回答别人道歉时的专用语，D是一种不符合英语习惯表达的汉语化表达，故此题答案应为B（干吧，做吧）。3. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET2000).A. As B. For C. With D. Because of本题句意非常清楚，前面一部分表达的是原因。据统计学生错的最多的选项是D，其次为B及A，唯独C选的少，原因在于学生光凭翻译便给出了答案。而实际上because of及for表示原因时可加宾语，但不能加宾语补足语。As作介词不能表示原因，表示原因的as为连词。而with及without则可构成介词短语的复合结构。因而正确答案为C.4. As we have planned, well go to Beijing to attend her sisters wedding party. Well visit our mother school _ we go there.A. if B. when C. once D. even if据统计此题错误率较高，易选A及C（均表示条件），而正确答案为B（表示时间）。单看翻译，A及C填入是绝对无问题的，但语境中第一句话非常重要，此句已指明我们是依据计划肯定要去干此事，故只能用“当我们到那儿时。”而不是if及once中所含有的不定的意思。针对这种翻译当先不作深入分析的毛病，考生应当带平常的训练中学会从不同角度分析语言环境，积累英语习惯表达，只有这样才能治愈此病，求得做题技巧及水平的提高。下面给出一些据本人一线教学统计学生最易犯错的此类练习供大家学习：1) Is this hotel _we were to stay? A. where B. which C. in that D. in which2) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which3) -Do you mind if I use your tape-recorder? -_. A. Never mind B. No, you cant use it C. No, go ahead D. No, do it please4) -Hi, Jane, How nice to meet you here in Manhaten. -_. A. So do I B. Me, too C. Thank you D. The same to you5) -Ive made up my mind to go abroad next year, darling, what about you? -Well, _ youre going, so will I. A. if B. since C. as long as D. when6) The people invited to the hall may dress _ they please. A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however7) Would you please put the book _ it belongs? A. to whom B. to which C. to that D. where8) Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. where二思维僵化，见风便是风，只知按图索骥今年来高考命题者常常改用熟悉的句型结构，词的用法，常见的搭配或利用“貌合神离”的手段，要求考生加大对语言环境的分析，这对考生的能力提出了更高的要求，许多考生面临一种基础知识百分百掌握，而面对具体问题却屡屡出错的局面，原因就在于考生死搬硬套，对具体语境，句子结构等分析不够，只依据常见的用法，陷入思维定势的泥潭。如：1. The home improvements have taken what little there is _ my spare time.A. from B. in C. of D. at此题为2001全国高考单选部分最难的三题之一，大部分学生给的答案为B，因为大家常见此搭配，而正确答案为C。此题设计巧妙隐蔽，结构相当复杂，但只要冷静的把句子转化为：The home improvements have taken what little_ my spare time there is.从句子结构中我们可以看出what little与my spare time为整体与部分的关系，故只能用of，而选in符合常见的搭配，却补符合语境。2. She looks forward every spring to _the flower-lined garden.(上海97高考题) A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in此题学生极易选A及C，一般学生知道look forward to 中to为介词，但此题中插入every spring这一状语后，许多学生就习惯的把to看做不定式的符号，因而出错，实际上去掉状语every spring并不影响句子结构，to依然为介词，故选D；B中少介词to。3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin.(Met91)A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy这道题选B及C的特别多，因为考生经过长时间的练习，易依据逗号，按通常的规律“前后两句话之间以逗号连结则前后句之间多为主从关系，除非两句话间有并列连词连结”，而选非谓语动词buying或to buy。其实如果注意道此句中的并列连词“and”, 就不难判断出，填空处应为一系列并列动作中的一个，进而选处答案A。4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, _ over 600 years old.A. all of them B. all of which C. all of it D. none of which此题是依据高中教材的一句原话改编的一道模拟题，学生极易误认为后面部分为一定语从句而选B，B项填入后的错误在于which引导的应是一从句，而此题中逗号后面并没有谓语动词。A正确的原因是all of them over 600 years old仅为一短语，与前面的200，000 silver pennies为补充修饰关系。要克服此类典型错误，考生应学会深入分析句子结构及成分，要在熟记基础知识，基本语法的基础上灵活多变，克服心理定势，以分析来解决问题。下面请做一做此类易错题：1. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. (NMET94) A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived2. After half a years training, they were made entirely used _ underwater. A. to stay B. to staying C. staying D. stay3. They looked forward with hope _ from youA. of hearing B. to hear C. to hearing D. hearing 4. The teacher couldnt make himself _ attention to because they were too noisy.A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid 5. Half his money _ for food and clothes.A. costs B. spends C. goes D. pays6. Has the boy who was made use of _ realized his mistake? A. stealing b. stolen c. to steal d. for stealing7. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he _ English. A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn8. Everything he _ away from him before he returned to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken三不能前后兼顾，误入歧途粗心大意的学生最易犯此类错误，他们往往从前往后一读题目便做题，并没有分析句子结构，协调前后关系，从而容易导致只见树木，不见森林的错误。此类题在涉及道句子结构的题目中较易出错。如：1. Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, _ an article for the wall newspaper?A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written此题易从前往后选成A或D，而正确答案为C。将此句还原便知：The teacher had sb. write an article for the wall newspaper.2. The rich, for _ money was not a problem, wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.A. their B. his C. whose D. whom本题中D为正确答案，学生易选C，将whose看作定语从句引导词且修饰money。而正确的句子为：“Money was not a problem for the rich.”定语从句中用whom替代介词的宾语the rich.下面势此类易错题：1. The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _ on a new look as recently as last year.A. on has taken B. has taken c. on having taken d. having taken2. You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had _ her children. A. brought up B. to bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up3. Which do you enjoy _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Ive kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school _ twenty years ago. A. with B. about C. since D. till5.-Where do you think _he _ the computer? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. , bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. had, bought6. Madam Curie, for _life had once been very hard, was successful later. A. whom B. which C. whose D. that7. Who would you rather _the report instead of you? A. have write B. have to write C. write D. have written8. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding四忽视标点符号标点符号在一个句子中是很不引人注意的，但它的作用有时却非常大。许多学生在做题时往往忽略标点的作用从而导致解题失误。此类错误尤其在非限制性定语从句类题目中很典型。如：1. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every week. (NMET2001)A. It B. As C. That D. What此题易选成It及What，而正确答案为B。此前后两句话间用逗号且无并列连词连结表明，前后两句之间为逻辑上的主从关系，后面部分已固定为主句，故前面只能为从句，因为根据语法两个简单句间不能用逗号连结，除非两简单句间有并列连词联结。2. _ some of the juiceperhaps youll like it. (2000全国春季高考题) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried此题最已忽略两句间的破折号，许多学生将前面部分看作是非谓语动词，与结果的句子，如:Show us some radium, and well believe you. 或One more effort and you will succeed.)故答案应为B。3. The women carrying babies, come in first, _. A. will you B. will they C. dont they D. dont you此题学生已忽视逗号的作用。此处据逗号再结合语境可知，The women carrying babies为呼语，而come in first为一祈使句，据祈使句的反意疑问句可知答案应为A；而学生极易将前面两部分看为一个完整句子，而选答案B。下面是此类易错题：1. They believe that the spirits with the body for 3 days; _someone always stays with the dead person. A. so during B. so during which C. during this time D. so when2. You can use a large plastic bottle, _cut off, as a pot to grow young plants