职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷模拟12.doc

第1部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1. Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. A. encouraged B. endangered C. endorsed D. enlarged 2. Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War. A. baggage B. orphanage C. reportage D. usage 3. Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. A. inadequately B. hardly C. faintly D. sufficiently 4. Im not meddling, Mary said mildly. Im just curious. A. gently B. shyly C. weakly D. sweetly 5. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the southern states would break away from the Union. A. strange B. certain C. inconsistent D. proper 6. Many of novelist Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people. A. solitary B. gloomy C. feeble D. frugal 7. The workers finally called off the strike. A. put off B. ended C. cancelled D. participated in 8. John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting. A. wanted B. promised C. decided D. agreed 9. I catch cold now and then. A. always B. occasionally C. constantly D. regularly 10. He often finds fault with my work. A. criticizes B. praises C. evaluates D. talks about 11. The little girl grasped her mothers arm as she crossed the street. A. understood B. had a hold over C. took hold of D. left hold of 12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. A. thought B. mind C. account D. memory13. I can no longer tolerate his actions. A. put up with B. accept C. take D. suffer from 14. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. A. left B. given up C. turned down D. refused 15. Have you talked to her lately? A. lastly B. shortly C. recently D. immediately第2部分：阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。El Nino While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Sino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it suggests El Nino is indeed predictable. This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods, said Weare. He added that the new method makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead timess. Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year ff the new method is confirmed. El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.16. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Weares contribution in predicting El Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination 1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier, said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing m trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5 Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude, Hansen noted. 6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century, Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century. 7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.23. Paragraph 3 _A Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the AtmosphereB Observations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereC Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootD Effort to Reduce Snow AlbedoE Ways to Reduce Soot EmissionF Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming24. Paragraph 4 _25. Paragraph 6 _26. Paragraph 7 _27. In the twentieth century, soot _.A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing0f the same magnitudeB contributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingC can produce greenhouse gasesD absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white backgroundE still surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last centuryF can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere28. Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases _.29. Black soot covered snow and ice _.30. A soot forcing is unusually effective, which _.第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇 Motoring Technology 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels- though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area2of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you dont miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesnt distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology sees through high-sided vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape. And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort, But whatever is in the fuel tank, you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyones personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon. 31. What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate ? A. They are developing faster electric vehicles. B. They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year. C. They focus their research on safety and new fuels. D. They are designing fully automatic cars.32. According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen A. because drivers fall asleep. B. because drivers make mistakes. C. because of engine failure. D. because of speeding.33. Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Radars that can help drivers m see obstacles in fog. B. Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles. C. improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres. D. Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.34. What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? A. To prevent car thieves from getting into your car. B. To call for help when ones car crashes. C. To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic. D. To track the car down when it is being stolen.35. What is tree of robotic drivers? A. It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use. B. Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads. C. Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers. D. Robotic drivers are too expensive to use. 第二篇 Late-Night Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick pick-me-up cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep, and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake, says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epiderniology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took haft an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual - and jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. 36. The author mentions pick-me-up to indicate that A. melatonin levels need to be raised. B. neurohormone can Wake us up. C. coffee is a stimulant. D. decal is a caffeinated coffee.37. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? A. Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production. B. Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping. C. Caffeine halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone. D. Caffeine stays in the body for many hours. 38. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep, B. Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine. C. The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decal. D. The proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.39. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? A. There are more enzymes in decal drinkers urine sample. B. There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers urine sample. C. Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin. D. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.40. The author of this passage probably agrees that A. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee. B. we should not drink coffee after supper: C. people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am. D. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately. 第三篇 Hair Detectives Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications. Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair. But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes. And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Might hair record these watery quirks? Thats what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered. To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area. Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. Thats probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. Whats more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region. Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringers study came from a man who had recently moved fr