初中英语不定式讲解.doc

动词不定式的用法定义：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫做非谓语动词。在句子中不能做谓语，结构是“to+动词原形”，否定形式就在to前加not。用法：动词不定式可以在句中做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 动词不定式作主语常用it作形式主语，真正主语和动词不定式需要后置。前面有用for引导的短语，如果表语是nice,kind,clever等描述动作执行者的性格或品质的形容词时，需要在动词不定式前面加of来引导该短语。常用句型：It+be+adj/n+(for/of sb) to do sth e.g: It is difficult for me to learn English. 这里的形式主语是it，真正主语是learn English。 该句还原回来：To learn English is difficult for me. 为了避免头重脚轻，用it作为形式主语放前面，后置不定式。 动词不定式作宾语有一些动词，如：want, decided,hope,ask,choose,learn,plan,need,reach,prepare 等，常常接动词不定式来作宾语。 e.g：I want to help you. 主语：I 谓语：want 宾语：to help you 有些固定的不定式短语需要熟记：1. stop to do sth: 停止正在做的事，去做另外一件事stop doing sth: 停止正在做的事情2. go on to do sth: 做完一件事情后 ，继续去做另外一件事go on doing sth: 继续做同一件事情 3. remember/forget to do sth: 记住/忘记去做某事remember/forget doing sth: 记得/忘记做过某事 动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以作后置定语，如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则需要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。e.g： I have no paper to write on. 常用句型结构：have/has+某事+to do enough+n+to do Its time to do sth e.g：I have a lot of work to do. 动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词，如：tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call 等可以接带to的动词不定式来作宾语，构成tell/ask/want/call/invite sb to do sth. 有些感官动词和使役动词，归纳为：一感（feel）,二听（hear,listen to）,三让（let,make,have）,四看（look at,see,watch,notice）,这类词的不定式有时带to，有时不带to。归纳为口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。 动词不定式作状语修饰动词，表目的，结果或原因，为了强调有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式的前面加上in order 或so as e.g：In order to get up earlier, I bought a clock from the store. 常用句型结构：too+adj/adv+to do sth （太.而不能.） e.g: You are too young to work in a factory. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法had better (not) do sth / Would you like to do sth? / Why hot do sth? / Would you please (not) do sth? e.g: You had better not smoke here. Would you like to play basketball after school? 课堂练习题： （ ）1.Its our duty _ the room every day. A.to clean B.cleaned C.clean D.cleans ( ) 2.Its hard for us _ English well. A.learn B.learns C.to learn D.learning ( ) 3.Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets. A.for B.of C.to D.in ( ) 4.He wants _ some vegetables. A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys ( ) 5.Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A.to bring B.brining C.to take D.taking ( ) 6.Mr.Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A.cook B.cooks C.to cook D.cooked ( ) 7.She went _ her teacher. A.to see B.looks C.saw D.seeing ( ) 8.Im sorry _ that. A.hears B.hearing C.hear D.to hear ( ) 9.My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A.to meet B.meet C.meets D.met ( ) 10.Would you like something _？A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks ( ) 11.I have a lot of homework_. A.do B.doing C.did D.to do ( ) 12.So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A.to feel B.feels C.feeling D.feel ( ) 13.Your father is sleeping.Youd better _.A.not wake up him B.not to wake up him C.not wake him upD.not to wake him up. ( ) 14.I was made _ my homework in the afternoon. A.do B.doing C.to do D.did ( ) 15. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue. A.not to jump B.to not jump C.didnt jump D.not jump ( )16. Please sto