动名词分析及其与现在分词的区别.docx

动名词概说：3动名词结构的构成与形式：3动名词结构的构成：31)一般情况下，直接加-ing32)某些以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing33)某些以“重读元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的动词，须重复辅音字母，再加-ing34)少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，须将-ie变为y，再加-ing3动名词结构的形式4动名词结构的句法功能41）动名词作主语41.动名词直接放在句首作主语42.动名词在“its no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语43.动名词在“Its useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中做主语，it为形式主语54.动名词在“There is(was) no+ doing”结构中作主语52)动名词作表语53)动名词作宾语51.某些动词后要求跟动名词作宾语，常见此类动词有：52.有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语，常见此类动词短语有：63.动名词常在介词或介词短语后面坐宾语，常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to等64.在“have difficulty(trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time)(+in)+动名词；waste time(in)+动名词；lose time(in)+动名词；There is no point(in)+动名词”等结构中，动名词作介词宾语，in常省去65.在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面66.动名词在表示征询意见的“How about?”，“What about?”后面作宾语6动名词的逻辑主语7动名词前可加一名词所有格、人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词或名词普通格作其逻辑主语7当逻辑主语是无生命的东西时，只能用普通格，不能用所有格7当逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，只用宾格，不用所有格7当逻辑主语是较长的名词词组时，一般用普通格，不用所有格7在“there be”结构当中，be为动名词时，该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式7动名词的时态81.一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后发生82.完成时：如果强调动名词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常用动名词的完成形式。8动名词的被动式8当动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的对象时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，其形式为“being+过去分词”8在动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构9在(be) worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义9动名词构成的合成名词91)许多合成名词由“动名词+名词”构成92) 还有一类合成词由“形容词（名词）+动名词”构成9现在分词简要介绍10动词-ing形式用作形容词时叫现在分词，它在句中可用来101）构成谓语（主要是构成各种进行时态）：102）构成不定式的进行形式103）作表语104）作定语105）构成复合宾语106）作状语10动名词与现在分词的模糊性10动名词动名词概说：动名词与现在分词同形，但主要起名词作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语等动名词结构的构成与形式：动名词结构的构成：1)一般情况下，直接加-ingAskasking answeransweringStudystudying seeseeing2)某些以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing Comecoming writewriting Givegiving taketaking3)某些以“重读元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的动词，须重复辅音字母，再加-ing Stopstopping beginbeginning Admitadmitting forgetforgetting4)少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，须将-ie变为y，再加-ing Diedying lielying动名词结构的形式动名词结构的句法功能1）动名词作主语 1.动名词直接放在句首作主语 eg: Seeing and doing are two entirely differently things. 看和做是两种完全不同的事 Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. 用右手握手时许多国家的一种习俗 2.动名词在“its no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语 eg: Its no good writing to him, because he never answers letters. 写信给他不妥，因为他从不回信。 It will be a sad thing parting with her. 同她分手会是一件叫人伤心的事。 3.动名词在“Its useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中做主语，it为形式主语eg: Its foolish doing so. 那样做是非常愚蠢的。 Its useless speaking. 光说没用。 4.动名词在“There is(was) no+ doing”结构中作主语 eg: There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。 There is no telling what he is going to do. 没有告诉说他准备做什么。2)动名词作表语动名词作表语用来表示主语的内容eg: My work is teaching English. My hobby is collecting stamps.3)动名词作宾语1.某些动词后要求跟动名词作宾语，常见此类动词有： Admit excuse postpone Anticipate fancy practice Appreciate finish prevent Avoid forbid propose Consider forgive recollect Delay imagine resent Deny involve resist Detest keep risk Dislike mind save Dread miss suggest Enjoy pardon understand Escape permit eg: I recommend buying the dictionary. Will you admit having broken the window?2.有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语，常见此类动词短语有： Cant stand cant help feel like Give up put offeg: He put off making a decision till he had more information. Do you feel like taking a walk?3.动名词常在介词或介词短语后面坐宾语，常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to等eg: We are looking forward to coming to China. We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.4.在“have difficulty(trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time)(+in)+动名词；waste time(in)+动名词；lose time(in)+动名词；There is no point(in)+动名词”等结构中，动名词作介词宾语，in常省去eg: I wasted an hour going to the library only to find it was closed.The children are busy doing their homework.5.在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面eg: I consider it a waste of time arguing about it. He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.6.动名词在表示征询意见的“How about?”，“What about?”后面作宾语eg: How about listening to classical music? What about going to the movies?动名词的逻辑主语动名词前可加一名词所有格、人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词或名词普通格作其逻辑主语 eg: I dont like you talking to me like that. My daughter staying up so late worried me.当逻辑主语是无生命的东西时，只能用普通格，不能用所有格eg: I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night. I knew nothing about the window being open.当逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，只用宾格，不用所有格eg: She was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Is there any likelihood of this being true?当逻辑主语是较长的名词词组时，一般用普通格，不用所有格eg: The leader insisted on Li Ming, Wang Hai and Zhang Fan attending the meeting. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?在“there be”结构当中，be为动名词时，该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式eg: We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it. 我们可以想象到人们会对此大惊小怪。 Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts? 你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗？动名词的时态1.一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后发生 We cant understand his/him acting like that. 我们不明白，为什么他会那样做。 By reviewing the old, you can learn something new. 温故而知新。 They are all interested in climbing mountains. 他们都对登山很感兴趣。 2.完成时：如果强调动名词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常用动名词的完成形式。 I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他们做过这样的事。 Mary regrets having been idle when young. 玛丽后悔年轻时虚度时光。动名词的被动式当动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的对象时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，其形式为“being+过去分词”The problem being discussed is how to utilize natural resources more economically.正在讨论的问题是如何更加经济地利用自然资源。I dont remember having ever been given such a book.我不记得曾给过我这样一本书。She went to the party without being invited.她没有被邀而参加了晚会。在动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)这块表需要修理。The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deserves to be thought about.)这个问题值得考虑。在(be) worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义That is a good book worth reading.那是一本非常值得一读的书。His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得考虑。动名词构成的合成名词1) 许多合成名词由“动名词+名词”构成swimming pool boxing competitionsleeping bag writing deskdiving suit watering canfilling station watering candrawing board washing powderfishing pole drinking fountainparking meter checking accountbanking system printing-presshearing aid operating table 2) 还有一类合成词由“形容词（名词）+动名词”构成deep-ploughing 深耕 close-planting 密植window-shopping 逛商店（只看不买） tap dancing 踢踏舞 shadow boxing 打拳 zebra crossing 斑马纹人行横道 family planning 计划生育 house-warming 乔迁酒宴 fire fighting 消防 money grabbing 不择手段地捞钱动名词与现在分词的区别现在分词简要介绍动词-ing形式用作形容词时叫现在分词，它在句中可用来1）构成谓语（主要是构成各种进行时态）：They are doing some pattern practice.他们在做句型练习。Ill be w