初中英语人教版八年级上册Unit 5.docx

1. 读前环节读前任务的目的是使学生通过搜集、了解与所要阅读材料相关的信息，激活头脑中的背景知识，预测文中将要涉及的内容等（祖瑞，2011）。学生对文章主题越熟悉，阅读理解的难度就越小。现以八年级上册Unit 5 “Do You Want to Watch a Game Show?”中Section B 2b阅读教学的读前设计为例展示思维导图的运用。笔者先在黑板上画出图1，并与学生展开对话，然后在对话的过程中绘制出图2。师生对话如下（加下划线的词汇表示课文中的新词汇或关键词）：图1T: Ive drawn acartoon characteron the blackboard. Do you know who it is?Ss: Yes, it isMickey.T: What do you know aboutMickey?S1: It isa black mouse with two large round ears.T: Yes, it is easy to draw it on the blackboard. It is quitesimple. What else do you know about him?S2: I know that hisgirlfriendisMinnie, anothercartoon character.S3: I think he is verypopularand I love him very much.T: Me, too. Many people like him. He ispopular and famous. Do you know who createdMickey?Ss: Disney.T: Yes,Walt Disney. He was a great man. Because of Mickey Mouse, asimpleand little mouse, Walt Disney becamerich and successful. Now we are going to read an article aboutMickey. What will the writer talk about in the article? Can you guess?S4: I think the writer will talk about why Mickey is sopopular.S5: I think the writer will tell us something aboutWalt Disney.T: Maybe. Lets read the article and see if your predictions are right.图2图像可以自动地吸引眼睛和大脑的注意力，它可以触发无数的联想，是帮助记忆的有效方法（东尼博赞、巴利博赞，2009）。教师通过米老鼠的简笔图，形象、生动地导出了文章的主题，激起了学生无限的想象。记忆时所用的想象越生动，记忆的效果就越好（东尼博赞，2009b）。图1有效地触发了学生的联想和回忆。教师紧接着通过问题“What do you know about Mickey?”让学生说出米老鼠的相关信息，激活学生已有的内容图式；在师生问答的话轮中引出会造成理解障碍的新词汇cartoon character、simple、girlfriend、rich、successful，并添加到思维导图上，同时把问答所用到的关键词Mickey、Minnie、Walt Disney、popular、famous和a black mouse with two large round ears也添加到思维导图上，这样既呈现了新语言知识，也激活了学生已有的语言知识，为他们提供了相应的语言图式；最后让学生对阅读内容进行预测，激活学生有关米老鼠的背景知识，即内容图式。读前环节不仅