高中英语选修7 unit3 under the sea语法.doc

沽源县第一中学导学案 模块内容：选修7 编制人：周欢 审核人：崔晓丽 使用时间： 年 月 日 Book 7 Unit3 Under the seagrammar 随 笔the Passive Voice of ing Form1、V-ing 形式V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式(not) doing(not) being done完成式(not) having done(not) having been done【注】一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。2、动词-ing形式的被动语态当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语，但不能单独作谓语。其完成式多在句中作状语。3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能（1）用作主语E.g. Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make successful kill. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海高考题 2002)A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed（2）用作宾语E.g. He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.I remember having been told the story.V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 The bird escaped _ (catch). He was afraid of _(abandon) by us.【注意】在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on 等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。（3）用作定语E.g. The problem being discussed now is very important.The house being built will be our library upon its completion.（4）用作状语E.g. Being asked to answer the question, she couldnt refuse.Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value it at all?（5）用作表语E.g. What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.（6）用作宾语补足语E.g. Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere now. I saw a baby being caught away by two men.【练习】动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分? So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. He didnt mind being left at home. That building being repaired is our library. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?4、比较动词-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式(1) He hurried home, looking behind from time to time.(2) The building being repaired is our dormitory. 动词-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式(1) Having heard this, our teacher expressed her satisfaction.(2) Having been asked to stay, I couldnt leave.【注意】1）在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。E.g. The flowers in the garden want watering = The flowers in the garden want to be watered花园里的花需要浇水了。The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。2）在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。E.g. His suggestion is worth considering. 他的提议值得考虑此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered. His suggestion is worthy of being considered.3）allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。E.g. I dont allow him to swim here. 我不允许他在此地游泳。4）V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语 一般情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：a）在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”；b）在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。E.g. Do you mind my smoking in the room? 你介意我在室内吸烟吗？ The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home.会议结束后, 我们都离开房间开车走了。 【即学即练】I. Choose the right answer.1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waitingC. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been toldD. Telling 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called8. Do you mind_ alone at home?A. Janes leaving B Janes having left C Janes being left D Jane to be left9._ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked 10. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 11. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished.A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not having 12. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.A. Not learning B. Never having learnedC. Having not learned D. Having never learned 13. Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left14. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called15. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. _ (ask) to put on performance, she refused.2. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment.3. _ (give) such a good chance, you should catch it.4. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home.5. The house wants _ (clean).6. He came in without _ (ask).7. _ (show) around the library, we were taken to see the lab.8. Our neighbor came close to _ (kill) in a traffic accident the other day.9. It made me upset to hear the news of his