计算机术语.docx计算机术语资料.docx

上饶师院期末论文姓名：唐珊珊班级：13外（5）学号：13050524课程：翻译基础与实践题目：Study on the Translation of Computer Terms (论计算机术语的翻译)AbstratcWith the dvelopment of the information technology, computer terminology translation becoms more and more important in introducing and assimilating advanced technology abroad. Besides, computer terminology plays an important role in communication for information. Thus, it is essential for us to translate computer terminology rapidly and accuratelly. This essay which is aimed at studying on characteristics and their translation of computer science terms, and talks about methods and skills as to tanslate with a basis of ready translation of existing terms in this field.Key words：Computer terminology Characteristics Translation mrthods Translation skills摘要随着信息技术的不断发展，计算机术语的翻译对于介绍和吸收国外先进的科技起着越来越重要的作用。另外，计算机术语在信息交流中扮演着重要的角色。因此，对于我们来说，需要把计算机术语翻译得准确这件事是很重要的。本文分析了计算机科学术语的特点及其翻译现状, 结合已有的计算机科学术语的翻译, 解析计算机科学术语翻译的方法和技巧。关键词：计算机术语 特征 翻译方法 翻译技巧Study on the Translation of Computer Terms1.Introduction of Computer TermsAccording to the terms of Canadian terminologist G隆多 in his book “Introduction to the terminology”,the term refers to a kind of languague symbols, a signifier or by referring to the symbols.Translations cannot take a term in isolation. It always associated with a semantic overall. With the advent of computer, computer terms appears on our daily life at an astonishing speed. Withou any doubt, we need to do a lot of translation works when computer technology introduced from elsewhere. However, the computer terminology as an essential part of the information technology literature, its translation has become a focus of attention in literature translation.This thesis is aimed at finding some methods for E-C translation of computer terminology on the basis of analysis of previous researchs and the characteristics of computer terminology translation, and meanwhile tries to suggest some translation of certain computer terminologies.2. Literature reviewNewmark is widely read through a series of accessible and occasionlly polemical works, he devotes a chapter especially to technical translation in his book “The Textbook of Translation”, in which he clearly defines the technical style. From the book, we can know that technical style is very exact and well-knit.Newmark also mentions the problems of terms in his book “The central difficulty in technical translation is usually the new terminology”(Newmark,2001,151).As far as I am concerned, it is difficult for us to grap new methods of translating computer terminology, sometimes cant work well only by way of translaing, thus , we whould better to find more approches to solve it.3. The Characteristics of Computer Terminology and Translation Methods3.1 The characteristics of computer terminologyThe terms of computer and Internet have been closely related to peoples daily life. The terms of computer and network English belong to the category of science and technology English, its word formation method has its unique characteristics, and it is mainly summarized in the following four ways.3.1.1 AbbreviationBecause of the computer and Internet terms should be clear and simple to adapt to the needs of the rapid dissemination of information, so the building is one of the major characteristics is to use abbreviations.(1)The first letter ligatures:Acronyms appear in uppercase, letters between no pronunciation,(InformationTechnology information technology), KB (KiloByte thousand bytes), this situation in terms of computer and network English is most common. Such as:IT ,CPU (CentralProcessingUnit central processor), PDN (PublicDataNetwork public data network), USB (UniversalSerialBus universal serial bus.(2)The first letter spelling:Acronym in uppercase letters, a syllable pronunciation, pronunciation in Pinyin pronunciation method. Such as: ROM (ReadOnlyMemory read-only memory), DOS (DiskOperationSystem disk operating system), LAN (LocalAreaNetwork local area network), et.3.1.2. Synthesis methodAnother computer and network English terms commonly used word method is synthesis. It mainly has the following three methods.(1)Composite algorithm: The composite method refers to two or more than two words in a certain order and form a new method. The new compound word on the basis of two components of speech and word formation. If the two word composition are nouns constitute compound nouns, such as: network (net+work network), database (data+base database), laptop (lap+top notebook computer). If a word consists of adverbs or prepositions, another verb, is a compound verb.(2)Affixation: Affixation refers to constitute the new method by adding affixes in the roots. On the basis of affixes in the root before or after the location, can be called a prefix or suffix affix. Because of the computer and network technology vocabulary is strong, so some related prefix, such as: e- (Electronic), hyper-, inter- (beyond, extreme) (Internet), micro- (micro), cyber- (associated with the computer, network and information etc.) the word ability is extremely strong.(3)The fusion method:The fusion method refers to a word with another word for all or part of the mosaic to constitute the new method. Splice site, may be a word in front of another word in the first half, can also be a word in front of another word in the second half, or even all. But this method is different from the affixation, because the splicing part is just part of a word only, not affix. A fusion method to lexical noun are, or have other parts of speech. The meaning of new words and POS fusion method which cannot get rid of the two words before fusion, so this kind of vocabulary is easy to understand and memory. Such as: sysin (input system+input system), compuser (computer+user computer users).3.1.3 Metonymy methodBy using the English basic vocabulary and constitute of the computer and network terminology-By substitution method, mainly neology and metaphor are the two forms.(1)Neology: the olneology refers to the new according to its basic meaning and give it new meaning, such as: the original intent of the memory to memory, now refers to the computer memory; the original file for the file now refers computer files; drive intended for driving, now refers to the drive of the compute.(2) Metaphor: The computer and network in English vocabulary borrowed from the basic vocabulary of English and English for science and technology a lot, after modification with a new metaphor, semantic. Such as mouse English original intention for mouse. In the field of computer refers to the mouse; VI Rus was originally virus. In the field of computer is to computer viru.3.2 The transhlation methodsThere are much in common between translation of computer terms and that of other subject terms. Ji Chun (2001) divides the translation methods of computer terms into five kinds. They are literal translation, free translation, transliteration; tone intention combines harmoniously translating law and conversion. 3.2.1 Literal translation and free translation complement each otherSimilar to EST translation, literal translation and free translation are the two translation methods of computer and network English terminology commonly used. Literal translation such as: ClicksRatio hits, floppydisk disk, hardware hardware, software software etc. Free translation such as: Homepage homepage translation; library Library.3.2.2 Transliteration and translation of all occupy a space for one personIn the computer and network in the translation of English terms and two other translation methods occupy a space for one person, they are transliteration and translation. Such as:, copy is copy. In computer and network terminology translation, transliteration terms for units of measurement or computer language translation. Such as: bit (bit) is the smallest unit of the computer can identify and operate.4. Translation skills of computer terminologyFor better translation of computer terms, and for better transformation of the meaning in the source language into target language, translators must let people build the connection easily with the target language. Meanwhile, these terms cant garble with similar terms. For example, “computer” is a machine, but the word “automatic counter” stands the electronic machine which can do some simple counting or programming in engineering project. Therefore, computer should be translated into “counting machine”. But non-professional people call it “电脑”. This is connected with the first way of “free translation”. As a result of free translation, the word “electronic brain” is difficult to translate. Because this term not only means computer but also stands for other automatic machines such as microwave machine, washing machine and digital- control machine tool. If we translate these words into one word “computer”, people will have the question why there is a computer in the washing machine. In fact, for any equipment which has the AI (Artificial Intelligence), we all say it has the “electronic brain”. When literal translation cant express the right meaning, we should use the free translation. For example, if we translate the word “internet worm” into “网虫”, then people wont understand its real meaning. Because the word “网虫” stands for one kind of people who are addicted to network and its proper name is “cyber worm” or “mouse potato”. In fact, “internet worm” is a virus that spreads in Internet. Therefore, we should translate the word into “网络蠕虫病毒” or “网络蠕虫程序”. In the two kinds of translation, the first one is better. If we insist on literal translation, it will make a mistake. Therefore, it is very important to use the five translation methods of computer terms properly. When translators know how to choose a proper method in a specific condition, the translation of computer terms will have a standard.5. ConclusionAs a branch of English for science and technology, computer terminology is a special form of language with the development of information technology, it produces and updates fast, fully embodies the characteristics of information