2014-高三英语阅读理解专题练习-附答案.doc

2014 高三英语阅读理解专题一、推理判断要求读者根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性。注意：不是读者主观认为合理的结论，也不是文章已提供的明显的事实。表示推断的常用词语有：infer, conclude, suggest, indicate, mean, intend, imply, likely, probably, attitude, purpose.（一）细节推断题细节推断题属于深层理解题。做此类题目关键要理解相关句子的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。1. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声) when Ms. Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.What can be inferred from the Paragraph? A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates speech. B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates ways of teaching. C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities. D. Most people had little interest in the reunion2. It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obamas Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly(精彩地) written book”However，he then went on to talk about Mr.Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.How did the author find his friend a book liar?ABy judging his manner of speaking. BBy looking into his background.CBy mentioning a famous name. DBy discussing the book itself.3. We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe should applaud good behavior. BTechnology can never be blamed.CWe should keep pointing out mistakes. DTechnology will take over our lives one day.（二）. 因果关系推断题要求根据已知原因推测导致可能结果，“前因后果”；要求根据已知结果推测可能的原因，“前果后因”此类题目的题干中会出现because (of), in that, now that, why, reason等标志性词汇。考生需要在原文中准确定位考点， 找到含due to, as a result， therefore, thus, consequently, cause, lead to, result from, result in, contribute to等信息句，并解读上下文之间的因果逻辑关系，进而找出正确选项。1. One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world. His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?A. Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on. B. Because they are physically impressive.C. Because their accomplishments inspired him. D. Because they have similar experiences2. The entertainment profession or “show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers.?Why must a pop singer have a good manager?A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests?C. To help him to change his “act D .So that he can relax（三）.态度推断题作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和动词来表达。一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。可以根据全文（段）信息进行推断；或根据上下文的逻辑得出结论；或利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。掌握一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：褒义词：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的) sympathetic同情的; sincere真挚的；贬义词：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)； disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的); Sceptical/doubtful怀疑的；disapproving不赞成的；等。中性词：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。1. The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching, and Id been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place. Cant you see things from my point of view ?”I shook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth. Id thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky. The chair went back, suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it ：on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was ！At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words. What a relief！ 1).Which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?A. Cheerful. B. Nervous. C. Satisfied. D. Upset.2).What did the author learn from her experience most probably?A. Strike while the iron is hot. B. Have a good word for ones friendC. Put oneself in others shoes D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.2. FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades, requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts, cantaloupe (瓜），and leafy greens. The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborn illness. Just since last summer, outbreaks of listeria (李氏杆菌）in cheese and salmonella(沙门氏菌）in peanut butter, cantaloupe and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.The main task of FDA is probably_ Ato protect and promote the public health Bto help those sickened recoverCto research on food safety measures Dto deal with water pollution（四）写作目的推断题1. The earthquake may rightly be ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man. since records began to be written down, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquakerelated deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquakerelated loss has been beyond calculationThe great majority of all earthquakes occurred in two particular areas in historyIt is doubtful that man will be ever able to control earthquakes and get rid of their damage altogether. But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur. The authors purpose in writing the passage probably is to_A. inform the reader B. entertain the reader C. support a theory D. question a theory 2. “Just take a deep breath.” “Dont think about it.” “Youre more likely to die in a car wreck on the way to the airport than you are in a plane crash.” These are just some words given to people with a fear of flying. But as Tom Cruise，playing Lt.Daniel Kaffee in the movie A Few Good Men，said，“I get sick when I fly because Im afraid of crashing into a large mountain. I dont think Daniel will help.”By saying the words at the beginning of the passage，people are expected to_.A. decrease their fear of flying Bget rid of their doubt about the planeChave a good time on their flight journey Duse some medicine to cure their fear of flying3. The Powermat Wireless Charging System for iPhone 1XA claims to wirelessly charge your iPhone in three，easy stepsplug in the Powermat，place the receiver case onto your iPhone，set your iPhone on the mat(垫子)and let it charge away.In theory，its a good idea. But to be perfectly honest，theres no difference，or any more convenience，to just using a plug socket charger(插头插座充电器)It claims to be wireless，but you still have to find a socket to plug Powermat into. I had two problems with that. Firstly，the receiver is a bit stiff and took a few seconds to pull apart and then put on my iPhone. And this would be a process you would have to go through every time you want to use the Powermat because the receiver is too big and heavy to permanently keep on your phone. And if you have a case for your iPhone，this has to be removed first as it wont fit inside the receiver.Secondly，by the time youve remembered where you plugged the Powermat in，seized the receiver in order to put your iPhone inside it and then placed it on the mat，it probably would have taken less time to connect your device to the Apple plug it came with. So wheres the convenience?The author mentioned the two problems of Powermat in order to _.Aseek solutions Bseek for help Cattract attention Dsupport his idea（五）预测（想象）推断题对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。1. 9 to 5Google publisher Seth Weintraub，who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year，said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.“Its just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones，and people thought that was crazy. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones，and its unnatural，” he said. “Theres gonna be improvements to that，and this a step there.”We can learn from the two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses _.Amay have a potential market Bare as common as smartphonesCare popular among young adults Dwill be improved by a new technology2. The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”This study may contribute to_.Atreating anxiety and stress better Bexplaining the cycle of fear and anxietyCfinding the key to the heartbrain communicationDunderstanding different fears in our hearts and heads（六）读者对象推断题做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，从而得出正确判断。1. A MENTORING(导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg，the programs founder，said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example，weve secured internships(实习) with worldfamous firms such as Honda.”“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring，it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn,14，is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to _.Atrain staff for worldfamous firms Boffer job opportunities to young adultsCprovide youth with unique experiences Dequip the unemployed with different skills2. Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.What to ExpectThe host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.Accommodation ZonesHomestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的)Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.SelfCatering Accommodation in Private HomesAccommodation on a roomonly basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay student. However，it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.The passage is probably written for _.Ahosts willing to receive foreign students Bforeigners hoping to build British cultureCtravellers planning to visit families in LondonDEnglish learners applying to live in English homes二、词义猜测题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。1. It didnt take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world.What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably means in the text？A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter.C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge.2. Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.What does hands-on science mean in the paragraph?A. Science games designed by kids. B. Learning science by doing things.C. A show of kids science work. D. Reading science books3. If you apply before February 28, you get a special fee reduction of $ 100. Also, there is a 20% fee discount for additional participants from your family if you have a brother or sister who is a Songs of Hope participant. The discount applies to the second, third, and any other additional siblings attending in the same year from the same family.What does the underlined word siblings in the paragraph probably mean? A. Parents. B. Brothers or sisters. C. Cousins. D. Uncles.4. My husbands niece is 13 and what I would call “a handful”. She wants to stay with us for while, and her mother and grandmother have told me what a great influence I would be on her. Her visit ，no doubt, would bring about a long list of demands and shed want to bring a friend too. I don1t feel comfortable hosting her, but I don 3r know how to tell my husbands family members without hurting their feelings.The underlined word “a handful” would probably mean a person who_A. is difficult to deal with B. enjoys making friendsC. is easy to get along with D. gets easily influenced5. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house-the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. The underlined words henpecked husband in the last paragraph probably means a man who_. A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hens C. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wife6. When I was 12，all I wanted was a signet(图章) ring. They were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. On my 13th birthday，my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母) carved into it. I was in heaven.The underlined word “in” in the paragraph probably means “_”Afashionable Bavailable Cpractical Drenewable7. On Transportation Days，we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy，but the transportation was the point. First，it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older，my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself：How do I know where to get off？How do I know how much it costs？How do I know when I need tickets，and where to get them？What track，what line，which direction，wheres the stop，and will I get wet when we go under the river?The underlined word “paralyzed” is closest in meaning to “_”Adisplayed Bjustified Cignored Druined8. Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketingBracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires，to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside，stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. Moreover，since listening well involves bracketing，it also involves a te