三大从句和非谓语动词学习.ppt

基本语法 三大基本从句 定语从句 非谓语动词分句 ing ed分词倒装句 名词性从句形容词性从句 定语从句 状语从句非谓语动词分句 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句通常由that who whom whose whoever what whatever which whichever等连接 主语从句 分句在句中做主语Whatcausedthefireisstillamystery 2 Whowasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor Whyheleftabruptlyisnotknowntoanyofus 宾语从句 分句在句中做宾语Weneverdoubtthatheishonest Canyoutellmewhoisresponsibleforthefire Shesuggestedthathedoitatonce Nobodycantellwhenhewillarrive 表语从句 分句在句中做表语 主语补语 一般位于be 系 动词或具有系动词功能的词后面具有系功能的词 feel look sound taste smell appear seem等 Myopinionisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay 同位语从句 大多由从属连词that引导 常常跟在fact idea opinion news hope belief等名词后面 同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容 在逻辑上表现为同位关系 Wehavetofacethefactthatthenearestfillingstationis30minutesaway Myoriginalquestion whyhediditatall hasnotbeenanswered 形容词性分句即关系分句 主要做名词修饰语 通常由关系代词who which that和关系副词when why where等引导 Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught Hisspeech whichboredeveryone wentonandon CanyoushowmethehousewhereShakespeareoncelived Thereason why IwasaloneinthemountainisthatIhadadifficultywithmyguide Heisnottheboy that Igavetheticketto Hehaschange Heisnottheman that hewas which as在定语从句中 先行项都可是前面整个句子或一部分 逗号隔开Which引导的分句不倒装 as引导的分句需倒装 which 指代前面整个句子Hetriedtostandonhishandsforsixminutes whichisratheradifficultthingtodo 指代前面部分句子IhaveknownJudyfarmoreablethanLucy butnothalfsopopular whichisquiteadifferentthing as在定语从句中 可代指人和物 用倒装结构用在such thesame as so后 可不用逗号隔开Hewillrepeatsuchpointsasarediscussedinthebook 可指代前面整个句子 也可指前面句子部分内容1 Hetravelledagreatdeal asdidmostofhisfriend mostofhisfriendtravelled 2 Heisusuallytall asarehisbrother usuallytall 介词 关系代词引导的分句 关系代词多用which 也可用whose whom等 根据语法和意义选择介词1 Thematerialofwhichthemachineismadeisagoodnonconductorofheat ismadeof 2 Theytriedtothinkoftheplanbywhichthecouldfulfilltheirtaskaheadoftime fulfilltheirtaskbytheplan 3 HeistellingastoryofLeiFeng ofwhomallofusisproud allofusisproudofsb 状语从句 按语义可分为时间 地点 原因 方式 结果 目的 条件和让步状语从句 1 Wherethereisawill thereisaway 2 Untilweknowthefact wecan tdoanythingaboutit 3 YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou 4 Incaseitrains wewon tbeabletogothereonfoot 非谓语动词分句 不定式分句 ing分词分句 ed分词分句 不定式分句 可在句中做主语和主补 宾语和宾补 状语 修饰语等 主语 ToacceptthejobwouldmeanmovingtoFlorida 主补 Hisintentionwastowinthegame 宾语 Hepromisedtostoptakingdrugs 宾补 HisgreatwishistoseehisteamwintheWorldCup 表目的Shestooduptobeseenbetter 表原因Iamgladetoknowyouhaveagoodjob 表结果Hegottothestationonlytofindthathisfatherwasdead ing分句 一 带从属连词 其主语 主句的主语 主动关系1 Whensleeping Ineverhearathing 2 ThoughunderstandingnoChinese hewasabletocommunicatewiththem 二 带主语 其主语 主句主语 也就是通常所说的 独立主格 结构 独立主格中havingbeen being的可省略 1 Thequestion havingbeen settled themeetingadjourned 2 Thechildrenwerewatchingtheacrobaticshow theireyes being wideopen ing独立主格也可由with引出 Withthetreegrowingtall wegetmoreshade 三 不带从属连词也不带主语 依据上下文或情景判定1 IhaveafriendlivinginLondon 2 Beatingachildwilldomoreharmthangood ed分句 一 带从属连词 其主语 主句的主语 被动关系Oncepublished thebookcausedaremarkablestir Evenifinvited Iwon tgo 二 带主语 其主语 主句主语 也就是通常所说的 独立主格 结构 独立主格中havingbeen being的可省略 Mywork being done Iwenttobed Thepursenotyet havingbeen found wewenttothepolice ed独立主格也可由with引出 Theysatintheroomwithhiscurtainsdrawn 三 不带从属连词也不带主语 依据上下文或情景判定1 Thecastle burntdownin1485 wasneverrebuilt 2 Coveredwithconfusion shehurriedlylefttheroom ed分词 ing分词 一般来说 ed分词做前置修饰语有被动和完成的意义 ing分词前置有主动和未完成的意义 Auninvitedguestbadly builthouseBoiledwaterboilingwateranexcitedaudienceexcitingnews ed分词做补语 主补 Thedoorremainslocked 宾补 Ifoundthedoorlocked 主补 Themanlookeddisappointed 宾补 Ifoundhimdisappointed 可以带 ed分词做补语的动词 1 感官词see hear feel taste find等2 使役词make get have keep等 1 Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood 2 Ihavemyhaircuteverythreemonths 倒装句 全部倒装 部分倒装 全部倒装 整个谓语置于主语之前当句首是方位词 谓语是come go等表位置移动的词时Therewasasuddengustofwind Inthechapterwillbefoundapartialanswer 部分倒装 仅是操作词置于主语前操作词 do did does will can would could have has had is was are were 当句首是否定词或否定意义的词1 NeverhaveIfound Ihavefound himinsuchagoodmood 2 Hardlyhadhefinished hehadfinished hisworkwhenthetelephonerang 3 RarelydoIget Iget invitedintohisofficealone 当句首由 only 副词 介词词组 状语分句 构成1 Onlyyesterdaydidhefindoutthathiswatchwasmissing 2 Onlybecausethereweresomecancelledbookingsdidheget hegot aticketintheend 3 Onlythroughsheerluckdi