英文摘要写作技巧四种固定句型

怎样写好医学论文英文摘要,2010年11月,第一部分英文摘要的固定句型,文题,文题包括样本、参数和处理三要素，其中样本和参数随文章而变，处理则涉及关联、效应、比较和检测四类，通常有4种固定句型。,1、关联句,在A样本中B参数和C参数的关联，可套用：“Association B parameter with C parameter in A sample”。 例如，在精神分裂症病人中事件相关电位P300和临床症状的关联，可译作 “Association between event-related potential P300 and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia”。,2、效应句,在A样本中B治疗对C参数的效应，可套用：“Effects of B treatment (include drug) on C parameter in A sample”。 例如，在大鼠中慢性应激对海马CA3锥体细胞形态学和结构的效应，可译作： “Effects of chronic stress on morphology and structure of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat”。,3、比较句,在A样本和B样本（或多样本）之间对C参数进行比较研究，可套用： “A comparative study C parameter between A sample and B sample (or among multiple samples) ” 。 例如“电针、氟西汀和安慰剂治疗抑郁症疗效比较研究”，可译作“A comparative study of antidepressive effect among patients with depression taking electroacupuncture, patients with depression taking fluoxetine and patients with depression taking placebo”。,4、检测句,在A样本中对B参数的检测，可套用： “Detection of B parameter in A sample”。 例如，在抽动障碍儿童中对A蔟溶血性链球菌抗体的测定，可译作：“Detection of group A streptococcal antibody in children with tic disorders”。,二、英文摘要,1、目的（Objective) 在目的中，因为是反映将要做什么，故用不定式。格式为“探索（调查或研究）+文题” 可译作 “To explore (investigate or study)+Topic”。 如文题为“Association event related potential P300 with clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.”，则 “Objective” 写作：“To explore association event related potential P300 with clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia”。,少数情况下，文题用于Objective时，要稍作变动，但框架不变。如文题为： “Epidemiological survey of depression prevalence in Guizhou Province”。 “Objective”可写作：“To explore depression prevalence by epidemiological survey in Guizhou Province”。,2、方法（Method),在方法中，因为是反映当时的作为，故用一般过去式，通常要概括什么人，什么治疗，用什么设备，进行什么评价，格式为“some parameter(s) was (were) estimated (measured) with some instruments in patient with some disease taking some drug”。 如“在63例服氯氮平的精神分裂症病人中用高效液相测定了氯氮平血药浓度”，译作：“Clozapine serum level was measured with High Preformence Liquid Chromatograph in 63 patients with schizophrenia tsking clozapine”。,3、结果（Results),在结果中，因为是反映当时的计算结果，故用一般过去式，最常有三种句型。（1）有差异句 即A组的某参数比B组的显著为高（或低、长或短），可套用：“It was significantly higher (or lower,longer or shorter) for some parameter(s) in group A than group B”。 例如，34例抑郁症病人的快眼动睡眠时间比42例正常对照者的为长，译作 “It was significantly longer for duration of Rapid Eye Move Sleep in 34 patients with depression than 42 normal controls”。,（2）无差异句 A组的某参数与B组的无显著差异，可套用：“There was(were) no significant difference(s) in some parameter(s) between group A and group B”。 例如，抑郁症组的白血球总数与正常对照组之间无显著差异，译作“There was no significant difference in total number of white blood cell between depression group and normal control group”。,3、相关句 在C组中A参数与B参数之间有显著正相关、负相关或无相关，可套用：“There was a significantly positive or negative correlation between parameter A and parameter B in group C”。 例如，在38例精神分裂症病人中脑脊液多巴胺水平与5羟色胺水平之间有显著正相关，译作There was a significantly positive correlation between CSF Dopamine level and CSF 5-hydroxytryptamine level in 38 patients with schizophrenia”。,4、结论（Conclusion),在结论中，因为是反映一般规律的，故用一般现在式，常用句型有3种。（1）提示句 “这些结果提示”，可套用： “These results suggest that”。 或“这些数据（结果）支持某种观点（或假设）”，可套用：“The data (results) support the view of (hypothesis that)”。,（2）一致句 “A结果与B现象一致”，可套用：“A finding is consistent with phenomenon B”。 A结果看来能通过B机制所解释，可套用： “A finding appears to (may) be explained by B mechanism”。,（3） 将来句 “这些结果（将来）需要重复”，可套用：“Replication of these findings is needed”。“进一步研究需要调查”，可套用“Further studies are needed to investigate”。,5、英文关键词,英文关键词主要是在文题中抽出，如文题为 “Effects of chronic stress on morphology and structure of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat”。 关键词可写作 stress; hippocampal(海马回); rat。,第二部分惯用搭配及语法问题,一、文题,（一）要求确切、简练、醒目常见问题：专业术语不准确、词汇选用及搭配不当以及词序颠倒等。例1 A study on the urinary iodine of pregnant women, children of the age of 02 and their mothers (孕妇、02 岁婴幼儿及其母亲尿碘调查分析),分析：在这里不清楚age 的用法。修改为：Study on the urinary iodine of pregnant women, children aged 0 to 2 and their mothers,一、文题,（一）要求确切、简练、醒目常见问题：专业术语不准确、词汇选用及搭配不当以及词序颠倒等。例1 A study on the urinary iodine of pregnant women, children of the age of 02 and their mothers (孕妇、02 岁婴幼儿及其母亲尿碘调查分析),分析：在这里不清楚age 的用法。修改为：Study on the urinary iodine of pregnant women, children aged 0 to 2 and their mothers,例2 Effects of different iodine content in salt to children in severe and slightly areas of iodine deficiency in Guizhou , China (不同盐碘浓度对贵州碘缺乏病重、轻病区儿童几项指标影响的探讨),分析: 词语搭配不当：effect 应与on 连用; 选词不当：轻病区用mild 一词。修改为: Effects of different iodine content in salt on the children in severe and mild iodine deficiency areas in Guizhou , China,例2 Effects of different iodine content in salt to children in severe and slightly areas of iodine deficiency in Guizhou , China (不同盐碘浓度对贵州碘缺乏病重、轻病区儿童几项指标影响的探讨),分析: 词语搭配不当：effect 应与on 连用; 选词不当：轻病区用mild 一词。修改为: Effects of different iodine content in salt on the children in severe and mild iodine deficiency areas in Guizhou , China,(二) 文题的形式通常是一个名词短语,例Establish bank of human embryo articular cartilagechondrocytes (人胚胎关节软骨细胞库的建立),分析：establish 应改成establishing 的形式。修改：Establishing bank of human embryo articular cartilage chondrocytes,(二) 文题的形式通常是一个名词短语,例Establish bank of human embryo articular cartilagechondrocytes (人胚胎关节软骨细胞库的建立),分析：establish 应改成establishing 的形式。修改：Establishing bank of human embryo articular cartilage chondrocytes,（三）冠词的省略,1、报纸杂志中的标题，往往可以省略冠词,以求简洁，如：例1 标题中的“A study”, 冠词“A”就可以省略,2、疾病名称前一般不用冠词,二、摘要(正文),摘要要求准确、简洁、流畅。摘要包括报道性摘要和指示性摘要。报道性摘要通常由目的、方法、结果和结论4 个部分组成。摘要一般在200 个词左右。本刊医学论文摘要最常见的问题是动词使用不够准确,现就动词的时态、语态、语气的用法举例分析如下。,（一）时态,1、一般现在时阐述本文的目的、结论之类的意思时,通常用一般现在时。,例The findings demonstrate that all children living in the same area have same iodine nutrition status. (结果表明生活在同一地区的学龄儿童其碘营养水平基本相同。)分析：此句表示结论，故动词demonstrate 用一般现在时形式。,2、一般过去时叙述研究的过程包括研究方法、结果等，宜用一般过去时。,例The results of the experiment showed that the viscoelasticitys indexes of the morbid group were significantly lower than those of the normal group. (实验结果表明,病态组的粘弹性指标明显低于正常对照组。),分析：此句阐述的是研究结果，故动词用一般过去时。,3、其他至于现在完成时、过去完成时以及一般将来时等应用不多，根据具体情况考虑使用即可。,（二）语态,在医学论文中叙述研究过程的句子，多用第3 人称的被动语态,而少用第1 人称的主动语态。其优点是可省掉动作的执行者(作者) ，还可将重要的东西在主语的位置突出出来。可以用 the author 代表 I，the authors 代表we，同时还可用this study，this report，this paper 等代替第1 人称。,例：Patients were randomly selected from children agedfrom 6 to 12 years in KBD affected area. (病人来自随机抽取的大骨节病区612 岁儿童。)分析：此句动词采用的是被动形式。,（三）语气,按说话意图，动词要用不同形式，称为语气。医学论文中，表示假想情况或主观愿望时采用虚拟语气。 如suggest，propose，recommend，等词后接that 从句表示“建议”的意义时，要用虚拟语气，即要加should 一词(should 可以省略)，或谓语动词用不带to 的不定式。,用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议等。如： This study(investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to It is found that The conclusions are 当涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，当然也要用一般现在时。,例It was suggested that the quality control range beenlarged