直接引语变间接引语是初中语法宾语从句的延续.doc

直接引语和间接引语直接引语变间接引语是初中语法宾语从句的延续。同时学好这一语法项目也有助于高中的名词性从句语法的学习打好基础。I从句子类型上进行分析。1.直接引语为陈述句。变成间接引语时，把陈述句变成由that引导的宾语从句。Shesaid:“Illcomethismorning.”Shesaidthatshewouldcomethatmorning.2. 直接引语为一般疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把一般疑问句变成由if或whether引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。“Willyoutakecareofme?”Chuck,Wilsonasksifyouwilltakecareofhim.3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把特殊疑问句变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。疑问词在句中作主语或作定语修饰主语时语序不变。“Wheredidyouspendyourholiday?”Iaskedher.Iaskedherwhereshehadspentherholidays.4. 直接引语为祈使句。变成间接引语时，要把祈使句的动词变成带to的不定式，同时根据语气选择适当的谓语动词，如ask,tell,order等。句型为ask/tell/ordersbtodosth。主句中若有please时，最好用ask表示。同时去掉please。否定的祈使句，要将dont或never改为notto,neverto5直接引语为选择疑问句时，要使用whether。or。“Willyouacceptorrefusetheoffer?”HewonderedwhetherIwouldacceptorrefusetheoffer.6直接引语为感叹句时，可用感叹词what或how作引导词，语序不变；或者用that作引导词，句子用陈述语序。“Whataninterestingstoryitis!”hesaid.Hesaidwhataninterestingstoryitwas.Hesaidthatitwasaninterestingstory.II注意事项：7 变化：saidtosomebody后加直接引语改为askedsomebodyiftoldsomebodythat人称代词：thisthatthesethoseI-Heshemehim,her,时间状语:nowthenagobeforetodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastweek（month,year）theweek(month,year)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek（month,year）thenext（month,year）week地点状语:here-there动词的变化:comegobring-take时态变化：dodoesdidDidhaddoneHavedonehaddoneIsdoingwasdoingHaddonehaddoneWilldowoulddo8 直接引语如果是客观真理，名人名言或谚语或当时当地转述时，变间接引语时，时态不变。Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Hesaidthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.9 直接引语中如有明确的过去时间状语，则变间接引语时时态不变。Jacksaid,“Iwasbornin1990.”-Jacksaidthathewasbornin1990.10.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，变间接引语时，时态不变。Marysays,“Tomisagoodboy.”-MarysaysthatTomisagoodboy.11.直接引语有以when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变间接引语时状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓动则要改为过去完成时。Shesaid,“Jacktoldmeallabouthispastwhenhewasquestioned.”ShesaidthatJackhadtoldhimabouthispastwhenhewas questioned.12有些情态动词，如must，need，oughtto等，无过去形式，变间接引语时，既可用原来的形式，也可用其它的表示法，但要注意保存原来的意义。“Allmenmustdie,”hesaid.-Hesaidthatallmenmustdie“Imustgoearly,”hesaid.-Hesaidthathehadtogoearly.III.小试牛刀把下列句子变成间接引语：1.JohnsaidtoTom,“Cometomyhousetomorrow.”_.2.“Willyoucometothelecturethisafternoon?”SaraaskedYangMei._.3.“IwatchedaveryinterestingTVprogramyesterday.”he saidtous._.4“Howoldisyourbrotherthisyear?”Charliesfriendaskedhim._.5Hesaidtotheboy,“Dontdothatagain.”_。6Hesaid,“Iwillcomeherenextmonth.”_.7Hankssaid,“Ifinishedmyworklastweek.”_.8.“MybrotherbeganlearningEnglishtwoyearsago.”Tomsaid._.9.“Wherehaveyoubeenalltheseyears?”heaskedme._.10.“Haveyouseenthemovie?”heaskedChuck._.11.Heasked,“Whocananswerthequestion?”_.12.Heasked,“Whatsthematterwithyou?_.I.请选出正确的答案：1. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do6.Canyoumakesure_? A.thathewillcomeheretoday B.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretoday D.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddress B.inwhichplaceisheraddress C.whatheraddressis D.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettothelibrary B.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibrary D.howIcangettothelibrary9.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldIlike B.ifornotwouldIlike C.whetherIwouldlike D.whichIwouldlike10.Idliketoknow_Chinese. A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearn C.whendidhebeginlearning D.forhowlonghebegantolearn II.将下列句子变为间接引语：1.“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”hisfathersaidtohim.2.Mr. Wangsaid, “IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children”3.“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsthesedays,”saidMary.4.Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.”5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimethatyoulefthere.”6.ZhangHongsaidtome,“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”7.Johnsaidtohisparents,“Ihadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.”8.Thehistoryteachersaidtothem,“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”9.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”10.“HaveyouanythinginterestingIcanread,George?”shesaid.11.“Shesheretoaskforhelp,isntshe?”heasked.12.“Whereareyougoing?”thefatheraskedhisson.13.“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?”themotheraskedthenaughtyboy.14.Shesaid,“Didyoumeetthismanatthestationtwohoursago,Mr.Li?”15.“Writeyournamesonyourpapersfirst,”theteachersaidtous.16.“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow,”herfriendsaidtoher.17.“Letmepacktheparcelforyou,”hesaid.18.“Dontmakesomuchnoiseinclass,boysandgirls,”saidtheteacher.19.“Whatalovelydayitis!”20.“HappyNewYeartoyou!”hesaid.III.把下列句子变为直接引语：1.ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.2.SheaskedwhetherIwouldbefreethenextdayornot.3.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.4.Hisfathertoldhimnottoclimbthathightreeinhisnewcoat.5.Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynamewas.6.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.7.Theteacheraskedifwecoulddoit.8.Thecommanderorderedhismennottocrosstheriverbeforedawn.9.Myteacheraskedwhetherhewascoming.10.ThescientistaskedmewhatIwasdoing.IV.单选练习 1. Hesaidthetrain_whenhereachedthere,sohehadtowaitforthenext.A.leftB.hadleftC.wasleavingD.hasleft2.Heaskedme_Icouldpickhimup_.A.if;tomorrowB.that;tomorrowC.that;nextD.if;thenextday3.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto4.Tellhim_thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut5.Heaskedme_therailwaystation.A.howhecouldgettoB.howcouldhegettoC.wherehecouldgettoD.wherecouldhegetto6.Hewantedtoknow_.A.whatwashernameB.howwashernameC.whathernamewasD.howhernamewas7.Theyhavenoideaatall_.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone8.Hetoldmetomakesure_themeeting.A.whenandwherewewouldhaveB.whenandwhere&nbs答案I.15BCCDD610ACDCAII.1.Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.2.Mr.WangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.3.Marysaidthatshehadntheardfromherparentsthosedays.4.Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.5.Shetoldhimthatitwastimethatheleftthere.6.ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.7.Johntoldhisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.8.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1929.HeaskedwhetherIwasastudent.10.SheaskedGeorgeifhehadanythinginterestingshecouldread.11.Heaskedwhethershewastheretoaskforhelpornot.12.Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.13.Themotheraskedthenaughtyboyifhewassorryforwhathehaddone.14.SheaskedMr.Liwhetherhehadmetthatmanatthestationtwohoursbefore.15.Theteachertoldustowriteournamesonourpapersfirst.16.Herfriendaskedhertogothereagainthenext/followingday.17.Heofferedtopacktheparcelforme.18.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoiseinclass.19.He/Sheexclaimedthatitwasreallyalovelyday.20.HewishedmeaHappyNewYear.III.1.Isaidtohim,“Ihavelostmymoney.Iwillfindit.”2.Sheasked,“Youwillbefreetomorrow,wontyou?”3.Iaskedher,“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow?