解读NMET短文改错与答题技巧／张鸿雁-奋斗中学.doc

解读NMET短文改错与答题技巧内蒙巴市奋斗中学 张鸿雁历年来，短文改错在高考中都占有10分的分值，按常规看，短文改错的文章材料本身都是学生自己写的作文，故材料难度较小，只是考察一些词、短语、时态、语态等比较细节的内容。只要学生基础知识扎实，得分还是比较容易的。从近年高考题以及平时做的改错题看，错误的情况通常如下：I.多词1.冠词的多余 。 在一些固定词组中多余冠词，如：Im very glad to hear you are coming to visit me the next Friday. (去掉the)（77）(2004全国卷四);Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.(去掉the)(84)(2005湖北卷).另外在抽象名词、不可数名词、专有名词、泛指的单复数名词前也会多余冠词we have made a great progress.(去掉a)(79)(2005福建卷)。2.介词或副词的多余。这一类错误往往是由于混淆动词词义、分不清及物动词与不及物动词等所引起的。如：Will you join in the tourist group organized by our school?(去掉in)(83)(2005山东卷);Can you tell me about what I should do? (去掉about)（85）(2004全国卷一)；I will take you together to a hot-pot restaurant for dinner. (去掉together)（83）( 2004全国卷四);because we are all very much active(去掉much)(80)(2005福建卷);But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability.(去掉for)(83)(2005江苏卷)； and my dad explained for the rules.(去掉for)(84)(2005浙江卷)；and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold, wet night.(去掉far)(77)（2005江西）。另外在定语从句中易多余副词，如The place where I once worked there is (there多余); The day when I joined the army then is.（then多余）3.代词和连词的多余。如：On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do.（去掉myself ）（76）(2004全国卷二)；I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.（去掉as）（85）(2004湖北卷);Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (去掉but)（78）(2004福建卷)。As she gave it to me ,when the phone rang and she went to answer it.(去掉when)(59)(2005天津卷)。4.助动词与系动词的多余 这一错误表现为时态错或主动与被动语态混用。如As we were all left home at(去掉were )（77）(2004年天津卷)；Of course, when my mother was asked, “Have you already taken your medicine?” I said, “Yes.”(去掉was)(62)(2005天津卷).5.受母语干扰引起的多余及其他 如：There are many more happy memories of the week(去掉more) （81）(2004年辽宁卷) ； My first one job was to clean the tables in a small restaurant.(去掉one)(78)(2005辽宁卷)。另外在感官动词和使役动词后带to的不定式作宾补，如：have sb. to do, see sb. to do.II.缺词1.缺冠词。 在单数可数名词前缺少表示类别或“一”的不定冠词；在特指形容词最高级前，序数词前缺定冠词；还有在固定短语中缺冠词,类似的词组有：catch a cold, have a fever, as a result, play a part in, in the daytime, in the end, on the right, in the morning, in the shade等。如： “When I was boy,”(a) （76）(2004年江苏卷);the firemen came and put out fire. (the)（85）(2004年福建卷)； I started writing down words from books that I read. (the)（82）(2004年重庆卷);I hope youve had pleasant journey home(a)(83)(2005全国卷三);The next day, my mother found drink when she was doing the housework.(the)(64)(2005天津卷)。2.缺介词。 针对此类错误,考生平时要注意积累一些固定词组，比方说，在一些表示数量、种类的词组中,如： You can find all kinds information. (of)（76）(2004年全国卷三); But I have spent most my money. (of)（79）(2004年全国卷二)；so I hid the glass behind a pile magazines.(of)（2005天津卷）。类似的结构有：all kinds of, a great deal of, a number of, millions of, tons of 等。在某些不及物动词后缺介词及其他，如： The lady tried all the hats. (on);The dog couldnt get out the room. (of);He is searching his pen in the classroom. (for);The pet is something to be cared . (for)；players kicked a ball each other. (to)(78)(2005浙江卷)。3.缺代词和连词。此类错误大致有四类：1）缺宾格代词或形式主语、宾语。如：And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.(it)(82)(2005辽宁卷)；Luckily the teacher did not punish for cheating( me) （84）(2004年湖南卷)。2）缺形容词性物主代词。如：The day before the speech contest，English teacher talked to me. (my)；Bill smiled and shook head. (his)。3）定语从句中缺关系代词。如：So I will stay on a health farm for a month I wont be able to eat much and so!(where/when)(82)(2005广东卷)；The changes have taken place are great. (which/that)；She is the girl did such a thing. (who)。4）名词性从句中缺代词或连词。如：I dont know he will come or not. (whether)；He did he can to help his students. (what)；Mary will go abroad is known to all. (That)；The news he won the match is surprising. (that)4.缺不定式符号。此类情况不定式往往在句中做宾语，宾语补足语或状语。如：I decided walk around a little before(to)(78)(2005江西卷)；Wed throw a coin as far as possible.(to)(81)(2005江苏卷)；As I was about take a piece from a cooked duck(to) (81)(2004江苏卷); She stopped look out of the window(to) (82)(2004福建卷)。因此，学生平时在学习过程中要知道那些动词只能用不定式作宾语，如：manage, offer, pretend, agree, afford, hope, plan, learn, seem, refuse, fail, prepare, try, determine等；常用不定式作宾补的动词有：wish, ask, order, beg, tell, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, encourage, force, call on, wait for等。5.缺助动词、系动词或谓语动词及其他。如：Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.(being)(85)(2005山东卷)；Since long ago, many adults and children called their friends together(have)(78)(2005湖北卷)；it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. (as) (78)(2004全国卷一); Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? (do) (79)(2004广东卷)；I now think English fun to learn.(is)(80)(2006全国卷三)。III.错词 1.动词。 第一，考虑主谓是否一致，如：there are no need to spend money.(is)(85)(2004全国卷二)；something happened when her parentswas out.(were)(80)(2004福建卷)。第二，考虑动词时态是否用错，如：We named him Jack and keep him for about three years.(kept)(76)(2005江苏卷)。第三，考虑to do, doing, done 的是否混用，如：I am look forward to see all of you again in the near future.(seeing)（85）（2005福建卷）;He would also catch the food throwing to him(thrown)(82)(2005江苏卷)。第四，考虑相似动词有无混用，如：receive-accept, spend-cost, live-stay, seat-sit tell-talk, say-speak, bring-take, feel-fell, wear-put on, manage-try等。第五，意义相反的动词有无混用，如：thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.(buy)(85)(2005湖北卷)。2.名词。 它通常占1-2分。注意单复数是否弄错，2004年全国卷三的77题minute-minutes;广东卷的78题thing-things;广东卷83题child-children.2005年山东卷的81题vocations-vocation;湖北卷77题woman-women。3.副词 。第一，副词和形容词的混用，如：2004重庆卷78题terribly-terrible；2005浙江卷85题badly-bad.第二，相似的副词混用，如：too-also-either, here-there, even-still.如：which wont do me any harm too.(either)(84)(2005广东卷)。第三，意义相反的副词的混用，如：ever-never, either-neither, seldom-always, unfortunately-fortunately等。第四，注意几个结构，如：sothat, suchthat, tooto等。如： I was sometimes very tired to do my homework.(too)(81)(2005辽宁卷)。第五，弄不清楚前后句关系而误用副词，如：I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other. Therefore, my father loves football.(However)(79)(2005浙江卷)。4.代词。 指示代词单复数混用，this-these, that-those。 代替Mary应该用she, her而不是he, him.人称代词的混用，主格和宾格，名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的混用，另外注意区分other, others, another, the other, the others.如：2004湖北卷83题him-them;天津卷79题us-ourselves,84题other-others；浙江卷78题your-their。又如2005天津卷60题them-it, 63题 me-myself;2005山东卷77题them-us。5.形容词。 除要注意名词和形容词，形容词和副词混用外，还要注意形容词的级，如：在结构asas只能用原级; the+比较级, the+比较级表示越,就越；比较级+and+比较级表示越来越。再者，注意形容词比较级不能用very修饰，而应该用much, even, still. 如：2005天津卷65题 serious-seriously;江西卷83题delighting-delighted；福建卷76题real-really。6.连词。 此类错误一般都是由于没弄清楚前后两个分句的关系而引起的。如：2004年浙江卷83题So-But;全国卷四78题although-because/as；2005辽宁卷85题as-than;山东卷78题but-and。此外还要注意which-that, where-which/that, when-which/that, after-before等。如： That is how sports are good activities for their health.(why)（82）（2005湖北卷）；we would return at night to hear that hed picked up from .(what)(85)(2005江苏卷)；Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.(which)(76)(2005安徽卷)。This is the factory where I visited yester