besides与except的用法.doc

besides; except; except for; but用法的区别这四个介词或者短语都可以表示“除了”的意思。但except仅表示“除了”，排除在外，后面可以接that，what，when等引导的从句；而besides表示“除了还有”的意思，表示包含在内；except for表示“除了”要不是.，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；but的意思与except接近，它主要与某些不定代词如nothing，all，anything， no one，anyone等连用。例如：Except for one old lady, the bus was empty. 公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。She can do everything except cook.除了做饭之外她什么都会。He had considered everything except the weather.他什么都想过,唯独没考虑到天气。I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bikeexcept when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。Besides football, I like playing basketball and table tennis.除了足球以外，我还喜欢打篮球和乒乓球。No one but me passed the exam yesterday.昨天除了我以外没别人考及格。Nobody but Li Ming talked to Lao Wang today.除了李明，今天没有人跟老王说话。except, except for/that, besides和but的用法习题：1. No one knew Mr Besons address _ his daughter. A. except B. excepts C. only D. besides2. Do you know any other foreign language _ English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides3. I know nothing about the young lady she is fromChina. A. exceptB. except for C. except that D. besides4. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that hewas wrong. A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit解析:Key:1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A。由此,我们可以看出except, except for/that, besides和but 的用法。except, except for/that, besides和but都有除之外的意思,但用法各异,现就它们的用法进行分析比较:一、except的用法-排除式except意为只有除外;除去,后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all, everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是同类项。例如:1. All of them went out for a walk _ John. A. besides B.except C. beside D. excepts2. Everyone is here _ Xiao Wang and me. A. except B. besides C. besideD. excepts析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是同类项,且1、2题中有信息词All、Everyone。二、except for/that的用法-排除否定式except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。(1)except for.是除了因为;要不是;除去一点外的意思,表示对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的排除否定式。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的不是同类项。例如:1. It was dark in the city _ a few weak lights. A. except forB.except C. besides D. but for2. Your composition is very good _ a few spelling mistakes. A. except thatB. except forC. besidesD. beside析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的不是同类项,故选except for。(2)except that. 也是除去一点外的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如:1.The suit fitted him well_the colour was a little brighter A. except for B. except that C. except whenD. besides析:Key:B。本题题意为除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他,从句the colour was a little brighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that。2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake?-Sorry,I know nothing about it _I read in the newspaper. A. exceptB. except for C. except what D. except that析:Key:C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what。3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus _ it rains. A. besidesB. except when C. except whatD. beside析:Key:B。由于it rains为从句,故排除A、D,且rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除C。except when 意为除了当的时候。(3)except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如:1. Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.=Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes.2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in the woods.=The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods.三、besides的用法-包括式besides相当于as well as,意为除了以外还有,即除去一部分还有另外一部分的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如:1. Does John know any other foreign language _ French.A. except B. butC. besides D. beside析:Key:C。由本题中的信息词any other foreign language,可知选besides。四、but的用法-排除式but是除了以外的意思,相当于except。(1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。例如:1. They all went to the park _ Mike and me.A. besidesB. except for C. butD. beside析:Key: C。因为all是信息词,且they与Mike and me是同类项,根据句意应选C。(2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing等; b.疑问词who, what等; c.不定代词all, everyone等。例如:1. Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处。2. Who but Tom would do such a thing?除了汤姆以外还有谁愿意干这种事?(3)but后可接动词不定式。注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带to的动词不定式,反之加to。例如:1. David could do nothing but _ his teacher yesterday afternoon.A. helpB. helpedC. helping D. to help析:key:A。do nothing but.后应接动词原形,意为除做外什么也不做。2. The enemy had no choice but _ their arms and _ . A. lie down;give in B. lay down;give in C. to lay down;give in D. to lie