人体解剖学颅神经

Cranial nerve,Dept. of Anatomy Zhou Hong Ying,Key Points of Learning,Name Components Passing throughPeripheral distributionCentral connectionFunction, olfactory optic occulomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens, facial vestibulocochlear glossophryngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal,Cranial nerve,Cranial nerve: connect with brain,Openings and fissures on base of skull for CN,CRANIAL NERVE,General somatic motor (GSM) General visceral motor (GVM) Special visceral motor (SVM)General somatic sensory (GSS)Special somatic sensory (SSS)General visceral sensory (GVS) Special visceral sensory (SVS) Every pair of CN has not all of the above components.,CRANIAL NERVE,Pure sensory CN,olfactory n. optic n. vestibulocochlear n.,Olfactory nerve CN I,Pure sensory (SVS) -smellOlfactory bulb of telencephalonLeaves cranial cavity through foramina in cribriform plate Distributes to mucosa of superior part of lateral and septal walls of nasal cavity.,Olfactory nerve CN I,optic n.(),pure sensory (SSS)- sightConnects with optic chiasma of diancephlon. Leaves cranial cavity through optic canal. Distributes to retina of eyeball,optic nerve, chiasma, optic tract, vestibulocochlearconveys impulses from inner ear. sense of position terminates in vestibular N, sense of hearing in cochlear N,Vestibulocochlear N.,Pure sensory (SSS) Internal acoustic meatus internal earVestibular nerve is responsible for equilibriumCochlear nerve is responsible for hearing,Pure motor CN,oculomotor n. trochlear n. abducens n. accessory n. hypoglossal nerve,oculomotor n. trochlear n. abducens n.,Oculomotor n.(GSM and GVM) Midbrain Superior orbital fissure Superior division-superior rectus & levator palpebrae superioris Inferior division supplies inferior & medial rectus, & inferior oblique. GVM fibersparasympathetic, supply ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae.Trochlear NPure motor (GSM) ; midbrain ; Superior orbital fissure ; Superior oblique mAbducens NPure motor (GSM) ; Pons ; Superior orbital fissure Lateral rectus m,accessory n.,Two roots Pure motorMedulla & spinal cord Jugular foramen Cranial root-joins X Spinal root-sternocleidomastoid & trapezius,()Hypoglossal n.,()Hypoglossal nerve,Pure motor (GSM) Medulla Hypoglossal canal extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue.,Mixed CN,trigeminal n. facial n. glossopharyngeal n. vagus n.,Trigeminal nerve V,ponsHas three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerveHas both sensory and motor components.It is the main sensory nerve for head and face. Its motor nerve innervates the muscles of mastication, etc.,Three divisions:,OphthalmicSuperior orbital fissure into orbital cavityMaxillary-foramen rotundum into pteygopalatineMandibular foramen ovale,Trigeminal nerve ophthalmic N,Trigeminal nerve ophthalmic N,superior orbital fissure Lacrimal nerve to lacrimal gland. Frontal nerve to forehead Nasociliary nerve to eyeball, part of nasal cavity, and skin of dorsum of nose from root to top.,Trigeminal nerve maxillary N,foramen rotundum pterygopalatine fossa inferior orbital fissure, sulcus, canal and foramento part of nasal cavity, maxilla, upper teeth, and skin between eye and mouth,Lingual nerve to anterior 2/3 of tongueInferior alveolar nerve to mandible, lower teeth, and chinBuccal nerve to cheekAuriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland and temporal regionSVM fibers supply muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tempani, etc.,Mandibular n.,tensor tympani M,Anterior belly of digastric M,Sensory fibers of CN V, Facial nerve in the temporal bone and main branches and distribution,Mixed (SVM, GVM, SVS) Pons internal acoustic meatuscanal of facial nervestylomastoid foramen parotid glandSVM fibers supply muscles of facial expression & stapediusGVM fibers synapse in pterygo-palatine ganglion to supply lacrimal gland; in submandibular ganglion submandibular & sublingual glandSVS fibers receive taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, Facial nerve,facial n in the internal auditory meatus,facial n in the internal auditory meatus, canal, through the stylomastioid foramen, Facial nerve distributes to expression muscles, Facial nerve distributes to mucous of tongue taste,CN distributes to submandibular gland and sublingual gland through the submadibular ganglion,() glossopharyngeal n.,Mixed; medulla; jugular foramenGVS fibers to carotid sinus and body, oropharynx, and posterior 1/3 of tongueSVS fibers receive taste from posterior 1/3 of tongueSVM fibers supply stylopharyngeusGVM fibers synapse in otic ganglion to supply the parotid gland,()glossopharyngeal n.distributes to pharyngeal muscle, parotid salivary gland,() distributes to carotid body (chemoreceptors) carotid sinus (baroreceptors ),()glossopharyngeal n. distributes to tongue general somatic and special taste sensory(posterior third),()glossopharyngeal n.,The vagus nerve in the neck, thorax, and abdomen,Mixed; medulla; jugular foramen; carotid sheath , on the side of mediastinum, esophgeal plexus, esophgeal hiatus anterior and posterior vagal trunks,Parasympathetic fibers in the vagus nerve,Parasympathetic fibers originate from the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. They are distributed widely throughout the respiratory,gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular. GVM,The afferent fibers of vagus n.,1.receptor for general sensation in tympanic membrane, external autitory meatus, and part of the concha of the external ear.2. receptor for general viscera sensation are distributed widely throughout the mucous membrane of the respiratory,gastrointestinal system and internal layer of the cardiovascular.3.ch