贸易实务答案翻译为汉语.docx

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade 单位1简要介绍国际贸易Key 关键I. Answer my questions i .回答我的问题1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental. 1。国际贸易业务的活动涉及到穿越国界。它不仅包括国际贸易和外国制造业,还包括不断增长的服务业等领域的运输、旅游、银行、广告、建筑、零售、批发、和大众传媒。它包括所有的业务事务涉及两个或更多国家。这样的业务关系可能是私人或政府。2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies. 2。销售扩张、资源采集、多样化的销售和供应。3. To gain profit. 3。以获得利润。4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 4。到seej外国市场和采购。5. There are four major forms which are the following: 5。有四种主要形式,如下:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise. 商品出口和进口,服务出口和进口、投资和跨国企业。6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg. the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 6。它是账户是一个汇总表流动的所有国际经济和金融事务之间一个国家(如。美国)和世界上其他地区的一段时间内,通常是一年。7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 7。商品出口和进口。8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 8。是的。他们之间有很大的差异。1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties. 1)直接投资控制权时,投资。这通常意味着高承诺的资金、人员和技术在国外。它旨在获得外国资源和外国市场。直接投资可能会变得更高国外销售超过出口。有时它涉及两个或更多的政党。2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments. 2)而组合投资并没有受到控制。和它们主要用于金融方面。宝藏的公司,例如,经常更多资金从一个国家到另一个以获取较高收益在短期投资。9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 9。外资是缩写的跨国企业。它的同义词是NNC(跨国公司)和全国过渡委员会(跨国公司)。10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest. 10。例子是旅游、运输、费用、版税、股息和利息。11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate. 11。形式的选择是受的目标是追求和环境的公司必须操作。12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firms products and services and by customers capacity to make purchase. 12。这是数量有限的人感兴趣的一个公司的产品和服务以及消费者的购买能力。13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firms resources. 13。这是因为在早期阶段的国际参与这些操作通常需要最少的承诺和最小风险公司的资源。14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements. Royalties are also paid franchising. 14。版税意味着支付国外资产的使用,例如商标金属盘,版权或其他合同下的专业技术称为许可协议。版税收入也特许经营。15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers business. 15。这是一个做生意的方式中,一方(经销商)使用一个商标,是一个重要的资产的特许人的商业。 II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right II匹配每一个在左边和右边的正确的词义1. J 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. I 8. G 9. F 10.H 1。J 2。一个3。E 4。b 5。C 6。D 7。我8。G 9。F 10. h III Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese III翻译以下术语和短语译成中文1 购买力 11经济复苏；恢复 1购买力11经济复苏;恢复2潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 2潜在销售量12经济衰退3加价，涨价 13间接投资 3加价,涨价13间接投资4国内市场 14有形货物 4国内市场14有形货物5制成品 15有形进出口 5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润 16收入及支出；岁入及岁出 6边际利润16收入及支出;岁入及岁出7市场占有率 17超额能力 7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视 18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人 8贸易歧视18贸易中间人(商);经纪人9时机选择 19全部包建的工程承包方式 9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期 20许可证协定 10经销周期20许可证协定 IV. Case Study. IV。案例研究。Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why? 电池被称为“白象”从中国出口都很受欢迎,在东南亚,但在美国没有人感兴趣的商品。为什么?Answer： 结论:Batteries called white elephant exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because white elephant was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand white elephant to be blame. The brands name translated into English was white elephant which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldnt give it to others or kill it because its the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome. 电池被称为“白象”从中国出口都很受欢迎,在东南亚,因为“白象”是一个幸运的事情在东南亚,但没人感兴趣的是它在市场的欧洲和美国。这家公司的老板很奇怪的质量电池或价格的原因,所以他问他的员工进行调查。最后他发现是品牌“白象”被责怪。该品牌的名字翻译成英文是“白象”这意味着一些没有使用但麻烦在西方国家。它真的是一个糟糕的翻译从文化角度信息。意思是从一个传奇。根据传说,有一个国王恨一个部长,所以他给了一个白色的大象担任惩罚。部长不得不照顾这个白色的大象,他不能给别人或杀死它,因为它是国王给了他。然而,白色的大象的胃口太大,而部长成为贫穷。所以它显示人们在西方国家不会买电池的消费者不愿意买一些无用的但是繁琐。V. Please try to find out some cases about cultural differences in doing international business. v .请尽量找出某些情况下的文化差异做国际业务。(Open) (打开)VI. Please determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALES. Then put T for TRUE or F for FALES in the bracket at the end of each statement. VI。请确定下面句子是否正确菲尔斯。然后把T为真或F为菲尔斯在支架每年年底的声明。1. ( T ) 2. ( F ) 3. ( F ) 4. ( T ) 5. ( F ) 6. ( T ) 7. ( T ) 8. ( F ) 1。(T)2。(F)3。(F)4。(T)5。(F)6。(T)7。(T)8。(F)VI. Translate the following into English VI。翻译以下译成英语1. Trade is often the engine of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment. 1。贸易是常有的“发动机”的增长。然而这个比喻也许过于简单化,但它确实有助于强调对外贸易的重要性在增长的过程。一个健康的出口扩张可能并不总是被充分条件快速和持续增长,但强烈的相关性这两个显然是不可否认的。扩大贸易对经济增长的贡献在许多方面。其中的好处是专业化;有利影响国际竞争的国内经济效率、增加的能力支付进口产品的开发和更一般需要刺激投资。2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities. 2。国际贸易是交换商品和服务在一个国家生产的货物和服务并在另一个国家。除了有形贸易,即进口和出口商品,还有无形贸易,包括国家之间的交换服务。国家如希腊和挪威大型海上舰队,并提供运输服务。这是一种无形贸易。无形贸易可以作为重要的一些国家出口原材料或大宗商品是别人。在这两种情况下,国家挣的钱来购买生活必需品。3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area. 3。存在着不同的方式开展国际业务。包销意味着卖方独占的权利,海外客户销售某种产品在一个指定区域在指定的时间内。在这种商业事务,该产品是购买的独家销售商,因此他应该出售自己的产品,假设为他唯一责任利润和损失。独家销售不同于机构那里只有委员会参与。和一般合同之间存在差异和独家销售,因为独家享有专有权卖在一个特定的区域。4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a countrys import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade. 4。没有一个国家在这个世界上,可以产生所有的产品需要。因此国家参与国际分工的有效生产和再生产。有时一个国家可以从国外购买商品和服务在一个以物易物的基础。易货意味着通过交换货物做生意的一种货物的另一种不使用钱。易货贸易本身并不足以肉一个国家的进口需求。但随着国际贸易的一种形式,它仍然是有吸引力的在发展中国家,那里的外汇短缺和流入的外国基金是远不足以满足他们的义务在对外贸易。 Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction 单元二一般程序的导出和导入的事务I. Answer the following questions i .回答下列问题(Omited) (省掉)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text: II。填入答案与合适的词汇文本:1. meeting/satisfying; 2. agent, foreign/overseas; 3.commission; 4. own; 5. setting; 6. patent; 7. profits; 8. outlets; 9. joint, venture; 10.subsidiary 1。会议/令人满意;2。代理,外国/海外;3.委员会;4。自己的;5。设置;6。专利;7。利润;8。媒体;9。联合,风险;10.子公司III. Judge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F) III。法官以下语句,马克True(T)或False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 1 f 2。T 3。F 4。F 5。F 6。F 7。T 8。F 9。F 10。T IV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested IV。的意思解释下面的单词或短语的要求1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract. 1。提供:提供一个卖家和买家的提议,为了签订合同。2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force. 2。退出:它意味着一个提供的报价人已经被撤回之前达到受要约人为了防止其生效。3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter. 3。问题:一个查询是一个请求的业务信息,诸如价格列表、目录、样品和具体的货物或贸易条款。它可以通过进口商和出口商。4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer. 4。接受:接受是一个声明由其他行为的offerees指示无条件同意要约。5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owners representative whose job is to find the ships to carry. 5。货运代理:货运代理(船代)是一个船东代表他们的工作是找到船只携带。 V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars: 诉构成一封询问与下列事项:Keys 键Messrs. Arthur Grey & Son, 奥亚瑟灰色和儿子,19 Cheapside, 19齐普赛街,London, E.C.2 伦敦,e c 2 Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们, We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district. 获悉你们行名及地址从中国国际贸易促进委员会和得知你们是的主要出口商在你们地区的冰盒。 We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration. 我们现在感兴趣的文章说100套,应该高兴如果你会让我们知道你是否能供应我们我们渴望的数量和质量。请报出你们的最好价格基础上CIF广州。当提供,请注明付款条件,交货时间、包装条件连同图解目录为我们的考虑。 We are looking forward to your early reply. 我们期待您的早日答复。 Yours faithfully, 你忠实的, VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars: VI。请您提供根据下列事项:Key 关键Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our D.D. range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface. 谢谢你的来信,5月5日。我们很高兴得知调查你们从你的客户对我们的雨衣。我们的“数字数据“范围特别适合温暖的气候,在过去的几年,我们已经向经销商提供这个范围在一些热带国家,从其中很多我们已经重复订单。这个范围是受欢迎的原因不仅是重量较轻,但也因为材料已经过特殊处理以防止过度冷凝的内表面。For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: 你提到的数量我们很高兴报价如下:D.D. Raincoats “数据定义“雨衣100 mens medium US$14.50 US$ 1,450 100人的介质 14.50美元1450美元100 mens small 14.0 1,400 100人的小14.0 1400年100 womens medium 13.2 1,320 100妇女的媒介13.2 1320年100 womens small 12.7 1,270 100妇女的小12.7 1270年US$ 5,440 5440美元Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sight 付款:凭不可撤销的即期信用证Shipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C. 出货:出货将影响在三或四个星期收到信用证后。This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference. 此报盘以我方最后确认为准。我们觉得你可能感兴趣的其他产品和附上一些小册子,供你参考。We are awaiting your early orders. 我们正在等待你的早期订单。 Yours sincerely, 你的真诚, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars: 七世。写的还盘根据下列事项:Keys: 钥匙:Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms. 感谢贵方的报价可能10 1000套的头发的冰箱。我们发现你的价格和交货日期满意,然而,我们将给我们的建议的交替,你们的付款条件。Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests. 我们过去的购买其他家用电器从你已经付出的一个规则的保兑的、不可撤销的即期信用证付款。在此基础上,它确实花费了我们一个伟大的交易。从目前开放信用直到时间我们的买家支付我们的,我们的合作基金持续大约4个月。在目前的情况下,这个问题特别征税由于信用紧缩条件和前所未有的高银行的利益。In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 days sight”. 鉴于我们长期的业务关系,我们的友好合作前景,我们建议你接受“付款文件到货”或“利用我们以60天远期”。Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated. 你的第一优先考虑上述请求和一个早期的有利答复,将不胜感激。Yours sincerely, 你的真诚, VIII. Case Study 八世。案例研究Answer: 结论:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。而B公司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改，可视为还盘，或新的发盘，B公司发出还盘后A公司未进行回复，虽然它用行动表明受B公司发盘约束，但没有明确向B公司表示接受，此时认为合同未成立。因此，B公司以此为由，拒不履行合同。A公司将陷入被动。 一个公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘,在该发盘中一个公司对包装做出了要求。而B公司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改,可视为还盘,或新的发盘,B公司发出还盘后一个公司未进行回复,虽然它用行动表明受B公司发盘约束,但没有明确向B公司表示接受,此时认为合同未成立。因此,B公司以此为由,拒不履行合同A公司将陷入被动。为了避免出现此情况，A公司在收到B公司发盘时，应及时表示接受。 为免避出现了此情况,公司在收到B公司发盘时,应及时表示接受。Unit 3 单位3Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 合同为国际货物销售Key 关键I. Translate the followings from Chinese into English: 以下即翻译从中国到英语:1 terms of payment 2 written form of contract 1的付款条件2书面形式的合同3 execution of the contract 4 sales contract 3执行合同4销售合同5 purchase confirmation 6 terms of transaction 5购货确认书6条款的事务7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract 7贸易伙伴8设立一个合同9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract 9贸易协议10寄售合同11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract 11合同适当延长合同1213 the contracting parties 14 special clause 13缔约双方14特殊条款15 general terms and conditions 15一般条款和条件 II. Answer the following questions in English: II。用英语回答下列问题:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation. 1一个合同是一个协议,规定的有关各方绑定的义务。和任何部分,未能履行其合同义务可能会被起诉和被迫作出补偿。2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers. 2有两方的商业合同谈判:口头和书面的。前者是指直接讨论国外;书面谈判往往从查询由买方。3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners. 3一份书面合同通常是准备和签署了协议的证据,以证明其执行。一个销售或者购买确认是比一个合同不太详细,占地只有基本的交易条件。它通常用于较小的交易之间或熟悉的贸易伙伴。4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4) the stipulation