大学英语综合版学生用书第八单元unit-8.doc

Unit 8 Protecting Our EnvironmentGlobal Reading. Part Division of the Text PartsPara(s) Main Ideas 112 A town in the heart of America, where all life lived in harmony with its surroundings. 236 The description of the same town which was now stricken with all kinds of maladies. 378 The cause of the maladies. 4910 Though imagined, the tragedy may well become a reality and the author tells about her purpose in writing the book.Detailed Reading . Difficult Sentences1. (Para.1) In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines.1. Paraphrase the sentence. (=In autumn, the leaves of oaks, maples and birches turned bright red against a background of green pines.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=秋季到来时，橡树、枫树和白桦树五彩缤纷，在大片松林的衬托下如同一片火海，熠熠生辉。)2. (Para.2) The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances to observe them.1. Understand the long sentence. (=This is a compound sentence connected with the transitional word “and”. In the second main clause, a sub-clause of time “when the flood of”is used.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=事实上，这里的乡村鸟类品种丰富，数量可观，因此远近闻名。每当大批候鸟在春秋之际蜂拥而至，许多人远道赶来观看。)3. (Para.2) So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns.What does the author mean by saying “it had been from the days many years ago when”?(=She means that the land had been known for abundance and bio-diversity for a long time.) 4. (Para.2) Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=后来，一种奇怪的疫病在这个地区悄悄蔓延开来，一切不再依旧。这个社区中了一种什么邪，一群群鸡很快都染上了神秘的疾病，牛羊纷纷病死。)5. (Para.6) The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire.1. Whats the function of “as though”? (=Here the author used a figure of speech, simile to make her expression more vivid and clear.)2. Whats her purpose by saying so? (=She focuses on the severe consequence caused by the pollution.)6. (Para.9) This town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a thousand counterparts in America or elsewhere in the world.1. Why does the author want to say by using “it might? (=“might” is used here to express a possibility that it may happen or may be true such things did have happened in America or elsewhere in the world.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=这座小镇在现实世界中并不存在，但是在美国和世界的其他地方，很可能会轻而易举地有数千个遭遇到与其类似命运的小镇出现。)7. (Para.10) What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless towns in America?1. What should spring be like? What does “silenced the voices of spring” mean?(=Spring should be throbbing with life, full of birdsong. “Silenced the voices of spring” means the spring has already been made lifeless.) 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=是什么东西使无数美国小镇的春天鸦雀无声？) . Words and Expressions1. (Para.1) in harmony with: agree with another idea, feeling etc., or look good with other things* Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.我们的行为应该与话语相一致。 (=Our actions should be in harmony with our words.)Collocation: be in harmony with 与协调一致be out of harmony with 与不协调一致live in harmony和睦相处2. (Para.1) in the midst of: among or with; while (sth.) is happening* The government is in the midst of a major crisis.他在暴雨中离开了公寓。 (=He left his flat in the midst of a rainstorm.)3. (Para.1) bloom: 1. n. a flower, especially one cultivated for its beauty *Fall leaves make the Japanese mad, just like the cherry bloom in the spring. 苹果树正在开花。(=The apple trees were in bloom.)2. vi. produce flowers; be in flower.* Some of my last roses of summer are even more beautiful than the first ones that bloomed in early spring.(=Everything in the garden was blooming lovely!)NB: bloom , blossom以及flower均可作名词和动词，意为“花，开花”。其不同点是：bloom 尤指“大的、供观赏的花，诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等; blossom 指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。flower指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。Collocation: come into bloom/blossom 开花be out of bloom/blossom 花已落in (full) bloom/blossom 花盛开着the bloom is off the rose 明日黄花，已失去新颖感或应时价值的事物4. (Para.1) mist: n. a light cloud low over the ground that makes it difficult for you to see very far* We could just see the outline of the house through the mist. (=The mist along the river banks had gone by mid morning.) CF: mist, fog & smog这三个词都是名词，都可表示“雾”之意。mist 指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。例如： * The peaks were shrouded in mist. 山峰笼罩在雾霭中。fog 指较浓的雾。例如： * We get heavy fogs on the coast in winter. 这里的海边冬季有浓雾。smog 指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。例如： * The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。5. (Para.2) feed on: look for and eat (as ones usual food)* Giant pandas feed on arrow bamboo twigs and leaves.这台燃气轮机以它抽入的燃料为能源。(=The gas turbine feeds on the fuel it pumps.)16. (Para. 2) abundance: n. a very large quantity of sth. * The tropical island boasts an abundance of wildlife. (=She was blessed with talent and charm in abundance.)Collocation:abundance of 丰富, 许多in abundance 充足，丰富a year of abundance 丰年7. (Para. 3) creep: vi. move quietly and slowly * Ivy crept up the walls of the building. (=She crept up behind him and put her hands over his eyes.)CF: creep, climb, crawl这三个动词都有“爬”之意。creep 多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。也指植物的蔓延生长等。climb 通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比喻。crawl 指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The baby _ across the floor. (=crawled)2. No one noticed that the little boy had _ into the room and was sitting there, listening. (=crept)3. Boys were _ trees along the river bank. (=climbing)4. It took several hours to drive the 50 miles, _ along through the snow. (= crawling)5. She _ into Chrissys room, shutting the door silently behind her. (=crept)6. Several fans _ onto the roof of the arena to get a better view. (=climbed)7. Sales have 11% this quarter. (=climbed)8. (Para. 3) spell: n. 1) (state or condition caused by) magic power* After a short spell in hospital she was soon back at work. 她担心你正从她魔力般的影响下清醒过来。(=She is afraid that you are waking from her spell.)2) a short period of time during which sth. lasts* Hes had a spell of bad luck recently.她趁上班时一段清静的时间写了封信。 (=She managed to write a letter during a quiet spell at work. )Collocation:during a spell在一段时间内a spell as 作为的时期a spell of unemployment 失业期be/come/fall under 在咒语的支配下；中了咒语under sb.s spell 被某人迷住9. (Para. 3) settle on: fall from above and come to rest on* When you are ready, fly down to Earth; settle on the moist green banks of a running stream. (=As a thick fog settled on the ground it became too dark to play outside.)Pattern:settle for 对感到满足settle on 决定settle with 同清理账目settle down to/into 定下心来10. (Para. 3) flock: n. a group of birds, sheep or goats * Naturally the shepherds who had brought their flocks across must know the safest route. 一群鸟飞过来, 打猎开始了。 (=A flock of birds comes over, and the hunting starts.)CF: flock, herd & swarm这三个名词都有“群”之意。flock 主要指鸟群、羊群，也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。例如： A flock of customers were waiting for the store to open. 一群顾客在等候着商店开门。herd 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。例如：She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness. 她赶着牛群穿过荒野。swarm 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。例如：A swarm of ants are moving busily.一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。11. (Para. 4) desert: vt. abandon * His father had deserted the family when Graham was three years old. 他遗弃妻女，返回了英格兰。(=He deserted his wife and daughter and went back to England.)CF: desert, abandon & give up这两个动词和一个词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。desert 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。abandon 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。give up 普通用语，强调指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Many of the partys traditional voters _ it at the last election. (=deserted)2. Bad habits are not easily _. (=given up)3. We had to _ the car and walk the rest of the way. (=abandon)4. The family refused to _ any of their land. (=give up)5. Mrs Hasan was _ by her husband and had to support four children on her own. (=deserted)6. Because of the fog they _their idea of driving. (=abandoned)12. (Para. 4) scores of: a large number of * Scores of reporters gathered outside the courthouse. 那里有好多人, 也许有80个或者更多。(=There are scores of people there, maybe eighty or more.) 13. (Para. 5) be lined with: have rows of sth. along the sides The street was lined with small shops.(=The road is lined with people waving flags.)Collocation:above the line（财政）日常支出的below the line（财政）资本支出的bring someone/thing into line 使符合，使一致come into line 一致14. (Para. 9) misfortune: n. bad luck* The project was dogged by misfortune. 她不幸摔断了腿。(=She had the misfortune to break her leg.) CF: misfortune, disaster & calamity 这三个名词均表示“灾难”或“不幸”之意。misfortune 普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。disaster 普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。calamity 多指个人的不幸，比disaster严重，强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Natural _ such as floods and earthquakes are common occurrences in California. (=disasters)2. It will be a _ for farmers if the crops failed again. (=calamity)3. Her _ worsened this year, when her company eliminated her position and she lost her job. (=misfortunes)4. Their expedition nearly ended in _, when one of the climbers slid off the mountain. (=disaster)5._ never come single. (=Misfortunes). Useful Expressions 1. 在的腹地in the heart of2. 与和谐相处 live in harmony with3. 富足的农场prosperous farm4. 默默地穿越silently cross5. 在中in the mists of6. 令人目不暇接delight sbs eye7. 以为食 feed on8. 蜂拥而至 pour through9. 悄悄蔓延 creep over10. 死亡的阴影 a shadow of death11. 对迷惑不解 be puzzled by12. 莫名其妙突然死去 sudden and unexplained deaths13. 出奇地安静 a strange stillness14. 许许多多 scores of15. 开花 come into bloom16. 几处斑痕 a few patches17. 遭遇灾难的世界 the stricken world18. 经历的不幸 experience the misfortune19. 多个 a substantial number of20. 想像的悲剧 imagined tragedy21. 严酷现实 stark reality22. 使鸦雀无声 silence the voices of. Writing Practice How to write a persuasive essayA. A brief introduction The purpose of persuasive writing is to state an opinion which you are going to defend and to offer supporting evidence in order to convince the reader to accept your point of view. Three steps you should take to produce a good persuasive essay.Step 1:Write your thesis clearly at the beginning of the essay. The thesis is your statement of purpose and it will serve to guide you in writing the entire paper. For the sake of unity, a short essay needs only one thesis.Step 2:Give facts, examples, statistics or the opinions of reliable authorities to support your thesis. Step 3:By tying together what has been discussed, conclude your essay with a restatement of the thesis or a forceful sentence that helps to drive your thesis home.B. A sample Pollution is harmful to human beings. Polluted water causes many kinds of diseases such as diarrhea, enteritis, etc. And sometimes these diseases even take mans life. Dirty air or air-bone garbage causes stinging eyes and running nose.Nowadays pollution problems have not been completely solved. Pesticides are widely used almost everywhere. They pollute soil, water and food. They have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Some factories are still dirty. Quite a few chimneys are still pouring smoke into air and noise pollution remains serious.Measures should be taken to control pollution. Legislative steps should be introduced and pollutants should be trapped before they are poured out of chimney. C. HomeworkDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Environmental Protection. You must base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write it clearly.1. 目前环保中还存在许多问题2. 为了保护环境，政府做了大量的工作3. 应采取有效措施保护环境. Sentence Translation 1. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died.(=这个社区中了一种什么邪，一群群鸡很快都染上了神秘的疾病，牛羊纷纷病死。)2. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances to observe them.(=事实上，这里的乡村鸟类品种丰富，数量可观，因此远近闻名。每当大批候鸟在春秋之际蜂拥而至，许多人远道赶来观看。)3. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound.(=过去的黎明生机勃勃，知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩和许许多多其他鸟类一起组成黎明大合唱，而现在却是鸦雀无声。)4. 曾经是引人驻足的路边，现在却只有褐色的枯草朽木，好像被大火烧了似的。(=The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire.)5. 在这个遭遇灾难的世界里，扼杀新生命的不是巫术，也不是敌人的进攻。而是人们自己的所作所为。(=No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.)6. 在很大程度上，地球上动植物的外表形态和习惯是环境塑造的。 (=To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earths vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment.)7. 如今变化的快捷，以及产生新情况的速度，跟随的是人类鲁莽的步伐而不是大自然的从容节奏。 (=The rapidity of change and the speed with which new situations are created follow the rash and heedless pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.)Supplementary Reading . Language Study 1. (Para. 1) To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earths vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=在很大程度上，地球上动植物的外表形态和习惯是环境塑造的。)2. (Para. 1) Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect has been relatively slight.Paraphrase the sentence.(= When you survey the long history of the world it is rare to find animals and plants altering their environment rather than being altered by it.)3. (Para. 1) Only within the moment of time represented by the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=只是在本世纪为代表的一