2015高考重点句式解析与巩固.doc

高考重点句式解析与巩固1could have done sth 某人可能做过某事在句中could have done sth 表示对过去情况的推测，意为“某人可能做过某事”。该结构还表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“本来能够去做某事却没有做”。有类似用法的结构还有：must have done sth 过去一定做过某事might have done sth 过去可能做过某事；本能够做某事should have done sth 过去应该做过某事；本应该做某事neednt have done sth 本没必要做某事ought to have done sth 本该做某事We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we_more places of interest yesterday.Avisited Bhad visited Cwould visit Dwould have visitedHe _the work. 他不可能完成工作了。He_before 8：00，but he missed the early bus.他本能八点之前到的，可是没有赶上早班车。答案Dcouldnt have finishedcould have arrived2There is no doubt that.“毫无疑问”doubt sb/sth 怀疑某人/某事 I doubt if/whether.我怀疑是否doubt of/about 怀疑 without doubt 毫无疑问 in doubt 怀疑There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？Ais there Bisnt there Cis he Disnt he_he will keep his word. 我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。_our team will win. 我们队会获胜是没有疑问的。_he is telling the truth? 你怀疑他说的都是实情吗？答案AI doubt whether/ifI dont doubt thatDo you doubt that3.as.as.像一样(1)as.as.“像一样”，第一个as是副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级；第二个as是连词，连接比较状语从句，也可以用作介词，其后接名词或代词。该结构的否定形式是not as/so.as.“不如”。(2)使用该结构表示具体数量的比较时其构成为：as many可数名词复数as.；as much不可数名词asGetting rid of a bad habit is as much a struggle as forming a good one.摆脱坏习惯就像养成好习惯一样需要艰苦努力。He is _ his brother.他长得不像他弟弟那样高。Petrol is _expensive _ it was a few years ago in China.在中国汽油比前几年贵了两倍。答案not so/as tall asthree times as；as4.nor (neither)be/助动词/情态动词主语的倒装句“nor/neitherbe/助动词/情态动词主语”构成倒装句型，表示“也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说的情况(否定情况)。Im not a student，nor/neither is he.Im not a student.He isnt a student，either.我不是学生，他也不是。I cant swim，nor/neither can my brother. 我不会游泳，我弟弟也不会。If you dont go，neither shall I. 如果你不去，我也不去。(1)so助动词/be/情态动词主语，意为“也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)。(2)so主语助动词/be/情态动词，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对上文内容加以强调或肯定。意为“的确如此”。(3).so it is with.，it is the same with意为“也是这样”表示比较复杂的情况：肯定、否定同时存在；be动词与实义动词同时存在；现在、过去等时态同时存在If your brother can do it，_. 如果你弟弟能做这件事，我也能。It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。_. 确实如此。He came here yesterday，and will stay here for another 3 days，_.他昨天来这里了，将在这里住三天，他的老板也是这样。答案so can ISo it wasso it is with his boss5.It takes some time before从句“过了一段时间之后才”(1)该句使用了“It took一段时间before从句(一般过去时)”句型，表示“过了一段时间后才”。在该句型中主句谓语动词多使用be动词。(2)It will(not)be时间段before从句(现在时)要过一段时间后才(用不了一段时间就)(3)It was(not)时间段before从句(过去时)过了一段时间后才(没过一段时间就) It took many years before he returned. 很多年后他才回来。It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。_we know the full results. 再过些时候我们才能知道全部结果。That dog ought to be destroyed_.应该把那条狗杀死，以防它再伤害更多的孩子。答案It will be some time before before it attacks any more children6.soadj./adv.that从句“如此以致于”Shes_she has to have her clothes made for her.她长得这么高，所以不得不定做衣服。He has _his wife suspects nothing.他把生活安排得井井有条，为的是不让妻子有任何怀疑。The knot was fastened _ it was impossible to undo.这个结系得那么紧，根本解不开。答案so tall thatso organized a life that so tight that7.as time went bywith time going by随着时间的流逝as在此句中用作连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。介词with也有此义，但with是介词，后接名词或代词构成with短语或with复合结构。As our life improves(With our life improving)，we find more and more time entertaining.随着生活水平的提高，我们越来越有时间消遣。“The designs got more eccentric and intricate_time went on.”he said.他说：“随着时间的推移，设计变得越来越古怪和复杂。”_the Internet，the net bar plays an important role in peoples life.随着因特网的发展，网吧在人们生活中扮演了重要的角色。答案asWith the development of8.most of which是“名词/代词介词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。此类结构常见的有：(1)some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most.of which/whom(2)then.of whichHere are some problems put up at the meeting，most of which are about education and health.会议上提出了一些问题，大部分都是关于教育和医疗的。China has thousands of islands，the second largest of which is Hainan Island.中国有数千个岛屿，其中第二大岛是海南岛。She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.她带领参观者参观了博物馆，建造它已经花了三年多的时间。【点津】then.ofwhich结构一般可以与whosen.互换。I bought an iPhone 5 last week，_(whose price) was very reasonable.上周我买了一部iPhone 5手机，它的价钱很合理。答案the price of which9.not.without.“没有就不能”(1)not.without.意为“没有就不能”。这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义。其中否定词也可以是no，never或加否定前缀构成的否定意义的词。(2)常见的双重否定结构还有： no(not).no(not).没有没有 no(never).without.没有不； 除不 nothing.not/no/加含否定意义的前缀构成的词没有不 (3)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有： cannot.too.越越；无论怎样也不为过cannot wait to do sth急于做某事cannot help doing sth禁不住/忍不住做某事I _without your help.如果没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得如此大的进步。Use your head and you will find nothing _in the world.动脑筋你会发现世上无难事。答案couldnt have made so much progress is impossible10.Itis/wasadj.that从句(1)句子中的it作形式主语，其后的that从句才是真正的主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得匀称。(2)it作形式主语的常用句式：It be形容词(possible，strange，natural，important.)that从句It be过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported.)that从句 It不及物动词(seem，occur，happen.)that从句It be名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour，no wonder.)that从句 _nobody knows where he has gone.很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿。_one of them keeps a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe.很可能他们中有一个人掌管着一种“银行”，工人们可以把钱安全地存放在那儿。He never worked hard._he didnt pass the examination.他从不刻苦学习，难怪他没有通过考试。答案It is strange thatIt is possible thatIt is no wonder that11.while引导的状语从句句中while she was on earth作时间状语while作连词时的主要用法：(1)“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句You cant be too careful while crossing the road. 过马路时你越小心越好。(2)“只要”，表示条件While there is life，there is hope. 只要有生命就有希望。(3)“但是；可是”，表示对比We know usually women stay at home and do all the housework while men go out to work.我们知道，通常妇女在家里做家务，而男人则外出工作。(4)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折_，I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多时间和金钱。答案While travel can broaden your mind12.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义的句型表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：(1)never比较级What an interesting novel！I have never read a more moving one.Its the most moving novel that I have ever read.多么有意思的小说！我从来没看过比这更动人的小说。(言外之意，这是最动人的)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。(3)can/couldnever/notenough/tooMust I turn off the gas after cooking? 做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？Of course.You can never be too careful with that. 当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。答案any other book；all the other books；any of the other books13.have sb doing让某人做have sb/sth doing sth 让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续) (肯定句)have sb do sth让某人做某事have sth done让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事have sth to do 有事情要做It is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time.让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。Dont be worried.Ill have Tom help you finish the work.别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。But she had difficult homework to complete. 但是她有很难的家庭作业要做。She fell off her bike and_. 她从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。答案had her leg brokenget sth done意为“把某物修理好；把某事做完；把某物补好”。Its about time we got the kitchen repainted.该是重新油漆一遍厨房的时候了。14.find/see.宾语v.ed(宾补)(1)此句中使用了“find sb/sth过去分词”结构，表示 “发现被”，过去分词在句中作宾语补足语。(2)find后可接动词的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示主动或正在进行；也可接形容词、名词、介词短语等作宾语补足语，表示主动。(3)可用于这种结构的动词还有：see，hear，watch，notice，have等。 I _ by a group of children full of curiosity.我发现自己被一群充满好奇心的孩子围住了。Dick found himself _in the direction of Mikes place.迪克发现自己在朝迈克家的方向走去。After wandering around，we _ at the hotel.我们四处漫步后发现自己不知不觉回到了饭店。答案found myself surroundedwalking found ourselves back15.whenever引导的状语从句(1)whenever(无论何时)，wherever(无论何地)和however(无论怎么)都只能引导让步状语从句，分别相当于no matter when，no matter where和no matter how。(2)whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)和whichever(无论哪个)都可以引导让步状语从句，分别相当于no matter what，no matter who和no matter which；另外，这三个词还可以用作关系代词，引导名词性从句。_ we see someone we know. 我们每次来这儿都会见到熟人。_，he should be punished. 无论谁违犯法律，都应该受到惩罚。答案Whenever we come hereNo matter who/Whoever breaks the law16.The two girls are so alike that strangers_one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开。No matter where he is，he_to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成了他的常规。I hate _people speak with their mouths full.我讨厌人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。答案find it difficult to tellmakes it a rule it when17.twice as far as.倍数的表达方法，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as.“远到”。英语里常见的倍数表达法有：表示“A是的多少倍”The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.正在建造的下届亚运会的新体育馆将是目前这个的三倍大。There are_in our library_ _in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。The worlds population has grown to more than_ what it was in 1800.目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。答案five times more books；thansix times18.It hits/hit sb从句某人突然想起句中使用了“It hit(s)me从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：It occurs to sb that.(某人)突然想到It strikes sb that.(某人)突然想到It happens that.碰巧It didnt_ him that she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。_they spent their childhood in the same village.碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。答案occur toIt happened that19.only介词短语/副词/状语从句的倒装句式(1)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。(2)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。_ Einstein do his research freely.只有到了1918年，爱因斯坦才能自由自在地进行研究工作。_ we find the truth.只有当他回来时，我们才弄明白了事情的真相。答案Only by the year 1918 could Only when he returned did20.if so.如果这样if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，可以用来代替整个从句，省略前面出现过的主语和动词，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。由if，when构成的此类省略形式还有：if necessary 如果有必要的话if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话when necessary 当必要时 when possible 当可能时Have you got a free evening next week？_ _，lets go dancing.下周你哪一个晚上有空？如果有空，我们去跳舞吧。_，I want a room on the highest floor.如果可能的话，我想要在最高层的房间。答案If soIf possible21.sb would rather do sth某人宁愿做某事(1)would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做Bwould do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿意做Bwould rather从句 愿意做(从句中要用虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。)would rather have done. 宁可做了(而未实现)(2)prefer to do A rather than do B 喜欢做A胜于喜欢做Bprefer sth 更喜欢某物There are even more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，_(而不是仅仅为了继续生存而挣扎)Tom_to the seaside alone than_ _football with them.汤姆宁愿独自一人去海边也不愿意与他们一起踢足球。答案rather than merely struggle for survival would rather go；play22.as well as.不但而且as well as不但而且，连接相同的句子成分。as well as连接两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要和前面的名词保持一致。as well“也，还”，常用于句末。as well as在意义上强调前者，而not only.but also.在意义上则强调后者。She is a talented musician _being a photographer.她不但是个摄影师还是个天才音乐家。Science can be a force for evil _ for good.科学可以成为善的推动力，也可以成为恶的推动力。They _newspapers. 他们既卖报也卖书。答案as well asas well assell books as well as23.“with”宾语宾语补足语”在句中作状语，表明主语所处的状态。I like sleeping_. 我喜欢开着所有窗户睡觉。She came to a river_green grass and red flowers_.她来到了一条两岸长着红花绿草的河边。答案with all the windows openwith；on both sides24.v.ing形式作结果状语He got up late and hurried to his office，_the breakfast untouched.他起床晚了，早饭没吃就匆匆忙忙地赶到了办公室。George returned after the war，only _ _that his wife had left him.乔治从战场上回来，结果被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。He hurried to the bus stop，_.他匆匆地去了车站，结果被告知车已经离开。European football is played in 80 countries，_ _.八十个国家踢欧式足球，使它成为世界上最流行的运动。答案leavingto be toldonly to be told the bus had leftmaking it the most popular sport in the world现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果，而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。25. 动词不定式作后置定语(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、next，only，last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。Liu Yang is the first woman in China _. 刘洋是中国第一位在太空遨游的女士。Miss Brown was the next person _. 布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。(2)用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。Do you have the ability_in English? 你具备读写英语的能力吗？(3)不定式作后置定语时常表示将来的动作。I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借一些书，准备在假期读。【点津】 若不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。Mr.Li bought a comfortable flat to live in. 李先生买了一套舒适的公寓住。He is always the first_. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。The ability_is as important as the idea itself. 表达思想的能力与思想本身一样重要。答案to wander in spaceto rise to speakto read and writeto come and the last to leaveto express an idea26.not.nor.“既不又不”nor放在not，no，never等否定词之后，表示“也不”。Not a car nor even a bicycle could pass the narrow alley.这条狭窄小径别说汽车过不去，就是自行车也无法通过。No money did he have nor any chance to get any. 他没有钱，想赚也没有机会。both.not/not.both；all.not/all.not；every(the whole).not/not.every(the whole).为部分否定；none，not.any；nobody；nothing为全部否定。“neither/nor/so系动词/情态动词或助动词主语”是一个倒装句型，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，so用于肯定场合，neither/nor用于否定场合。有时nor也可用来强调或增加信息，表示“也不”(这时其前后说的是同一个主语的否定情况)。I dont expect children to be rude，_.我不希望孩子们没礼貌，也不希望他们不听话。I am not，_.我现在不是，也从来不是一个富人。I wasnt impressed by his replies，_.我对他的回答不太满意，对他的理由也是一样。答案nor do I expect to be disobeyednor have I ever been a wealthy man nor his reasons27.“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句(3)no matter what，no matter which，no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。However/No matter how tough the problem may be，Ill work it out by myself.无论问题可能有多难，我将自己解决。_you want to buy，Ill pay for it.无论你想买哪本词典，我都愿意付款。_sees the new school cant help feeling excited for the great achievement weve made.无论是谁看到新学校，都情不自禁地为我们取得的重大成就而激动。答案Whichever/No matter which dictionary Whoever28.whether.or.“不管还是”引导让步状语从句。whether.or.一般引导名词性从句，意为：“是否，是不是”。此处引导让步状语从句。Whether it rains or not，the students have to arrive at the meeting on time.不管下不下雨，学生们都必须按时参加会议。Whether or not she will vote for us is not clear.她会不会投票支持我们尚不清楚。I will go，_.不管你是和我一起来还是呆在家里，我都要去。I dont know_.我不知道教授是不是喜欢鲜花。答案whether you come with me or stay at homewhether my professor is fond of flowers or not29. every time.每次/每当，引导时间状语从句(1)作连词，引导时间状语从句的名词短语有：every time，each time，any time，next time，the first time，the moment，the instant，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。(2)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately等也可引导状语从句。(3)关联从属连词no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely/barely.when等也能引导时间状语从句。如果no sooner，hardly/scarcely/ barely位于句首，从句要用倒装语序。Every time we see someone else do something，our brains imitate it.每当我们看到别人做某件事情时，我们的大脑就会模仿。She let out a cry _ she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起来。I think of the happy hours we spent together_ _.每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们在一起度过的美好时光。答案the momentevery time I see these photos30.only if.只有，引导条件状语从句(1)only if只有，只要，引导的状语从句在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。(2)if only但愿，要是就好了，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.到了那时她才意识到造成的损失有多大。Only_ it in so short a time.只有用这种办法你才能在这么短的时间内完成它。Only_he be noticed.只有靠大声呼叫和晃动手臂才能使人注意到他。答案in this way can you finishby shouting and waving his hands could31.when引导从句时的省略(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有动词be时，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为“when分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。(2)引导状语从句时可以省略的连词还有：while，once，as，as if，when，unless，until，even if，though，if等。_，the little girl was only crying，saying nothing.当被问到她是哪里人时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。Be careful _.过街时要当心。答案When asked where she was fromwhen crossing the street32.It系动词形容词that主语从句(1)在It is/was/seems/seemed strange(necessary，natural，important，a pity)that.句型里，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，形式为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is strange that he(should)have done such silly things. 真是奇怪，他竟然做出如此傻的事情。(2)在It is/was suggested(ordered，required，desired，advocated，etc.)that.句型中，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is important that we_when we are facing difficulties.重要的是，在面对困难时我们应保持冷静。It is advised that _. 有人建议每个人都应多喝开水。It is recommended that _. 有人建议推迟这个计划。答案(should) keep calm one(should) take plenty of boiled waterthe plan(should)be delayed33.过去分词短语作状语过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until, once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。(Once publishedOnce it is published)，the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。_，I didnt notice what was happening outside.由于陷入沉思，我没注意到外面发生了什么事情。(原因)_，I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。(条件)_，we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。(让步)The old man got on the bus，_.在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。(方式)答案Lost in thoughtGiven another hourBeaten by the opposite teamsupported by a girl34.形容词(或短语)作状语表伴随方式等exhausted为形容词在句中作伴随状语。Cheerful，efficient and warmhearted，they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上的旅程顺利、舒服。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，_.他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。For a moment she just stood there，_.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，简直不能相信刚才发生的事。答案cold and hungryunable to believe what had just happened