2016高考英语阅读理解--推断题解题方法ppt课件.ppt

全国卷近5年阅读理解考点分布对比 含七选五 1 ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 阅读理解专题 推理判断题 2 推理判断类题型特点 在阅读理解中 推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上 领悟作者的言外之意 得出符合作者意愿的结论 即根据作者暗示的内容 推断出合理的结论 3 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 4 1 Questionforms Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat ismostlikely Whenthewritertalksabout whatthewriterreallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimpliesthat Wecaninfer conclude fromthepassagethat 这类题干中通常含有infer suggest imply conclude等标志性词语 一 如何推断隐含意义 2 技巧点拨1 找到信息源2 忠实原文3 不要选择表层信息 5 Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment itwas A verycleanB justcleanedbythelandlordC tidyandcomfortableD dirtyandfullofinsects Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches 蟑螂 andtwospiders 蜘蛛 Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor theshopassistantwasverysurprised Well repliedtheman I mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit 实例透析1 6 2 Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit Ifyoudon tturnitbackover alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto 依附 theundersidewilldie Thepassageimpliesthatrocks hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC won tbefoundonbeachesD can tbefoundonbeaches 实例透析2 7 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 1 问题特点 题干中通常含有attitude view opinion thinkof thinkabout intheauthor sopinion mind等标志性词语 8 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 2 技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词 虚拟语气 情态动词 某些过渡词及所举的例子 推断出作者的弦外之音 9 说明作者的态度 1 objective 2 positive 3 negative 4 neutral 5 approval 6 disapproval 7 indifferent 8 ironic 9 critical 10 optimistic 11 pessimistic 12 cautious 客观的 消极的 漠不关心的 赞成的 不赞成的 乐观的 悲观的 积极的 讽刺的 批评的 中立的 TakingNotes 谨慎的 10 3 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthebadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 11 4 Whydopeopletakepartinsuchdangerousactivities Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring Notverylongago people sliveswereconstantlyindanger Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival Nowadays accordingtomanypeople lifeofferslittleexcitement Theyliveandworkinsafeconditions theybuyfoodinshops andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping Thewriterofthetexthasa attitudetowardsdangeroussports A positiveB negativeC neutralD nervous 12 三 如何推断写作目的 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的写作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 13 2 技巧点拨 1 从文体类别来推断写作目的 2 从写作手法来推断写作目的 3 根据主题句推断写作目的 14 2 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的 但写作目的通常有以下三种 1 toentertainreaders 娱乐读者 让人发笑 2 topersuadereaders 说服读者接受某种观点 3 toinformreaders 告知读者某些信息 常见于故事类的文章 tomakepeoplelaugh totellaninterestingexperience 常见于广告类的文章 tosellaproductoraservice toattractmorevisitors readers audience 多见于科普类 新闻报道类 文化类或社会类的文章 15 Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem 5 16 Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman Theylivedwiththeman sbigfamily Thefamilykeptanelephant inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents home havingquarreledwithherhusband Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork Itappearedtobeillandheart broken Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse Itwenttothewoman shome Onseeingher theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband shome 6 17 Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto A showthatelephantsareverycleverB tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife 18 Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman Theylivedwiththeman sbigfamily Thefamilykeptanelephant inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents home havingquarreledwithherhusband Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork Itappearedtobeillandheart broken Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse Itwenttothewoman shome Onseeingher theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband shome 6 19 Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto A showthatelephantsareverycleverB tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife 20 45 Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage A Tocallpeople sattentiontooceanpollution B Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean C Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents D Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents 洋流 Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh techequipment However oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage Ascientistwithmanyyears experience hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear 2分钟 真题链接 2014年广东卷 C 7 21 技巧点拨 1 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 时 其后的句子很可能是主题句 3 表示总结或结论的话常有therefore thus inshort conclude conclusion等 关注主题句 22 1 Questionforms Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 四 如何推断文章出处 23 2 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构或典型的句子来判断其出处 1 报纸 前面会出现日期 地点或通讯社名称 2 广告 因其格式特殊 容易辨认 3 产品说明 器皿 设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式 而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间 次数 药量等 4 网络 www com blog ebooks clickhere Internet update 24 Don twanderaimlesslythroughlife Getconfusedonyourgoals starthelpingothersinneed andlivelifetothefullest Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou vebeenmissing Signupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks too Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou rethereinthearticlesection whichisupdateddaily 浙江卷 Thistextmustbetakenfrom AaradioprogramB awebsiteC anewspaperD aTVprogram 25 Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine Doyouknowwhatismeantby Takeonlyasdirected Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem Toreducepain taketwotabletswithwater followedbyonetableteveryeighthours asrequired Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty fourhours Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold givehalftheamount Forchildrenundersixyearsold askyourdoctor sadvice Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma A medicalbookB newspaperC doctor snotebookD bottleofmedicine 26 五 推断上下文内容 1 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss 27 2 解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路 如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写 也可能按因果关系 对比关系来叙述 要把握句 段之间的逻辑关系 了解语篇的结构 摸准逻辑发展的方向 从而作出比较科学的 合情合理的预测 28 9 Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundings Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire however theybecamecapableofchangingtheirenvironment Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheycutdowntrees causingthetreestodie Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreaterareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon Thisdevelopmentledtofarming Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities 3分钟 Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout A fireB huntingC farmingD urbanization 城市化 29 Accordingtotheserules whatstatementshouldn twechoose 1 备选项的中心词背离文章的主题思想2 文中叙述的是事实3 文中没依据主观臆断4 太绝对或太片面5 偷换概念 30 Practicemakesperfect 31 1 Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday Iwasveryhappy ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI Onedayshesignedmetocomenear WhenIwalkedover sheasked Areyousingle Why yes Ianswered smilingatherhappily Soismymother shesaid Wouldyouliketomeether 高考链接 32 1 Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress agebecausehethought A shewasyoungB shewasbeautifulC itapleasuretomakefriendswithherD itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2 Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause A shelivednearhishouseB heoftenwenttovisithermotherC shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD shelovedhimverymuch 高考链接 33 2 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople 高考链接 34 Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph A Maryfeelspityforherself B Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease C Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible D Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor sherefusestofallintoself pity Everybodyonearthcanask whyme aboutsomethingorother sheinsists Itdoesn tdoanygood Nooneisimmune 免疫的 toheartachepain anddisappointments Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers I vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI vegrownupthissecondtime IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe 高考链接 湖南卷 4 35 Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext A HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD Goodolddayswillneverbeforgotten Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening Itwasthefrog Theyhadn tbeenuseless Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob eatinginsects Withsomanyfrogskilled theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases Now thepeoplearestillpoor Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning 高考链接 辽宁卷 5 topicsentence 36 Justascryingcanbehealthy notcrying holdingbacktearsofanger painorsuffering canbebadforphysical 身体的 health Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses Ifyouhaveahealthproblem doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry Butwhenyoufeellikecrying don tfightit It sanatural andhealthy emotionalresponse 反应 Accordingtotheauthor whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue A Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers B Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems C Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry D Wemustcryifwe