subjunctivemood.ppt

2020 3 24 虚拟语气 一 SubjunctiveMood I GRAMMER语法 Monet Canyoumatchthepaintingsandthepainters Ifyouwereanartist whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint IfIwereanartist Iwouldpaint 陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式Iwenttothetheatreyesterday Jackhadn tcomebackhomeyet 祈使语气请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等Let sgo Don ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings 一 语气的分类 虚拟语气不是事实 而是假设 愿望 怀疑或推测等IfIwereyou Iwouldnotleaveheralone Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon 2020 3 24 条件句表示主句的条件 分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种 a 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 b 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 二 if 虚拟条件句的概念 由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if 虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore 其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp Icouldn thavefinishedmyworkontime 三 ifSentenceStructure if 虚拟条件句的结构 a 表示与现在事实相反的假设b 表示与过去事实相反的假设c 表示与将来事实相反的假设 1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 1 表示与现在事实相反的假设 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用 过去式 be动词的过去式用were 而主句中的谓语动词 would should could might 动词原形 虚拟语气 IfIwereaboy Iwouldjointhearmy Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery IfIwonthelottery Iwould IfIwonthelottery Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar IfIhadalotofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla Ifitwerefinenow Iwouldgoshopping a Ifthey be here they take youradvice b Iftheworld war burst outagain what happen toourpeopleonearth were wouldtake burst wouldhappen PRACTICE1 Fillintheblanks c Ifthepoliceman benot inthatroom it be verydangerous d IfI be inyourposition I ask forteacher shelp werenot couldbe were wouldask 2 与过去的事实相反 从句的谓语用had 过去分词 构成IfI we you he they had 过去分词的形式 主句的谓语用should 第一人称 would 第二 三人称 could mighthave 动词过去分词 Ifhe morecarefully he thecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad IfI howtoswim I trappedinthisisland hadlearnt wouldnothavebeen a IfTom be morecarefulintheexam he pass italready b Ifyou get upearlier you catch thefirsttrain hadbeen wouldhavepassed hadgot wouldhavecaught PRACTICE2 Fillintheblanks c IfI meet youyesterday we go totheconcerttogether hadmet wouldhavegone 3 与将来事实相反 从句的谓语用IfI we you he they 动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式 主句谓语用should 第一人称 would 第二 三人称 could might 动词原形 Ifhegotupearly hewouldbeontime 假如他来了 我们对他说什么呢 Ifheweretocome whatshouldwesaytohim 假如他看见我 就会认识我 Ifheshouldseeme hewouldknowme a Ifthere be nonaturalresourceanymore we make useofnuclearpower b What happen ifyou getup toolatetomorrow shouldbe shouldmake wouldhappen shouldgetup PRACTICE3 Fillintheblanks c IfRobots control theworldsomeday here be nofriendship weretocontrol wouldbe 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同 这叫做混合条件句 例句中从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful themallwouldnotbeonfirenow 过去时 were would could should might V 原 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 过去完成时 would could should might have p p 1 过去时2 should V 3 weretodo would could should might V 原 二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1 在动词wish后的宾语从句中 表示与现在或过去的事实相反 或对将来的主观愿望 从句通常省略连词that 表示对现在情况的虚拟 从句动词用过去式 be动词一般用were IwishIwereastallasyou IwishIwereabird Iwisheverydayweremybirthday Iwish wishedIhadn teatensomuchwatermelon 2 表示对过去情况的虚拟 从句动词常用 had 过去分词 Thepartywasterrible IwishIhadnevergonetoit 3 表示对将来的主观愿望 从句动词形式为 would could might 动词原形 注意 主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现 取决于从句主语的态度或意愿 但愿你立刻来 Iwishyouwouldcomesoon Iwishitwouldraintomorrow asif asthough 由asif asthough 或eventhough eventhough 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式 be用were 或 had 过去分词 Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeentherehimself Hewalksasifheweredrunk 其实并没醉 注意 如果表示的事情可能会发生或事实如此 那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气 Hewalksasifheisdrunk 确实醉了 关于虚拟语气辩析1 Ishouldn tdothatifIwasyou Ishouldn tdothatifIwereyou 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 从句谓语动词不能用was 只能用were Ifmyfatherwereherenow hewilltellmewhattodo Ifmyfatherwereherenow hewouldtellmewhattodo 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 主句的的助动词只能用would might等 3 IfIknewhertelephonenumber Iwouldhavecalledher IfIhadknownhertelephonenumber Iwouldhavecalledher 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 从句的动词要用过去完成时 4 Idon tthinkthatIshallfail ButifIfail Iwouldtryagain