选修七英语动词不定式.ppt

动词不定式 不定式由 to 动词原形 构成 其否定形式是 not nevertodo 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语 没有人称和数的变化 但有时态和语态的变化 不定式可以作主语 宾语 状语 表语和定语 但不能单独作谓语 不定式 结构 todo 否定 not nevertodo 二 时态与语态 不定式 todo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendone tohavebeendoing 1 Theypretendednottoseeus 2 Hepretendedtobesleeping 3 Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时 几乎 发生在它之后 在谓语动词发生的同时 不定式的动作也正在进行 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 4 We rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou 完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续 1 作主语 2 作宾语 3 作宾语补足语 4 作定语 5 作状语 6 作表语 7 作独立成分 8 与疑问词等连用 三 用法 功能 Toseeistobelieve It simportanttolearnEnglishwell 1 主语 单个不定式作主语时 谓语动词用单数若不定式太长 往往用it作形式主语 不定式置后 Myjobtohelpthepatient Yourtasktocleantheclassroom is is 2 表语 Iwanttogohome Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain 3 宾语 think consider findit adj todo Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp 4 宾补 五看 watch see lookat observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listento hear 一感觉 feel warn tell allow help ask force等 e g Imadehimdohiswork Hewasmadetodohiswork byme 注意 1 help后面的 to 可省去 e g Theyoftenhelpthegrandma to carrywater 2 see hear watch feel notice lookat等表示感觉和let make have等表示使役的动词后面 不定式作宾语时要省 to 注 被动语态不省to 3 不定式用在介词but except besides后时 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式 那么介词后的不定式不带to 相反则带to 1 Shecoulddonothingbutcry 2 Ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep Ihavesomethingtosay Hehasalotofhomeworktodo Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout 5 定语 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 则不定式中要有介词 请给我一支写字的笔 Pleasegivemeapentowritewith Icameheretoseeyou Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain 6 状语 表示目的或结果 inorderto soasto enoughto onlyto too to 在一些短语中也有体现 7 独立结构 tobefrank tobehonest Totellthetruth Idon tagreewithyou 类似的结构 8 不定式与疑问词who which when how what等连用 在句中起名词作用 可充当主语 表语 宾语等 Hedidn tknowwhattosay 他不知道说什么 宾语 Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant 如何解决这个问题很重要 主语 Myquestioniswhentostart 我的问题是什么时候开始 表语 关于不定式中的小品词to 1 不定式中的动词上文已出现过 下文要省略该动词 eg Wouldyouliketogowithme I dliketo 2 不定式是tobe结构 be不可省 eg Wouldyouliketobeateacher I dliketobe Summary 不定式顺口溜你 不定式 非谓语 具体动作有规律 作主语 作宾语 it抢头作形式 作表语 作状语 表示任务和目的 省略动词保留to 避免动词再重复 保留动词省略to 感听看让半帮忙 exercise Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth givingupB togiveupC giveupD givenup2 TheArcticisconsidered thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic havingbeenB tohavebeenC tobeD being3 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave4 IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard learnedB learningC tobelearnedD tolearn5 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth givingupB togiveupC giveupD givenup2 TheArcticisconsidered thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic havingbeenB tohavebeenC tobeD being B C 3 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave4 IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard learnedB learningC tobelearnedD tolearn5 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff B D C 6 Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood A schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy7 Didyougetajob No I butit snouse A expectedB triedtoC managedtoD planned8 Wefinditimpossibleforthework aheadoftime A tofinishB finishingC beingfinishedD tobefinished9 IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain Whynot therebyboatforachange totrytogoB trygoingC totrygoingD trytogo 6 Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy A 7 Didyougetajob No I butit snouse expectedB triedtoC managedtoD planned8 Wefinditimpossibleforthework aheadoftime tofinishB finishingC beingfinishedD tobefinished9 IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain Whynot therebyboatforachange totrytogoB trygoingC totrygoingD trytogo B D B 10 aliving shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight TomakeB MadeC MakingD Tohavemade11 Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan forfood begB beggingC beggedD tobeg12 Theboypretended whenhismotherentered readingB toreadC tobereadingD beingread 10 aliving shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight TomakeB MadeC MakingD Tohavemade11 Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan forfood begB beggingC beggedD tobeg12 Theboypretended whenhismotherentered readingB toreadC tobereadingD beingread A A C 几对易混淆的词组 stoptodosth 停止去做某事doingsth 停止正在做 forgettodosth 忘记去做 doingsth 忘记已做了 remembertodosth 记得去做 doingsth 记得曾经做 trytodosth 努力做某事doingsth 尝试做某事 Exercise 1 Robertissaid abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin tohavestudiedB tostudyC tobestudyingD tohavebeenstudying2 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD don tmake3 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects 4 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit toseeB tobeseenC seeingD see5 ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows itwhattodowithB whattodowithitC whattodoitwithD todowhatwithit6 Themotherdidn tknow toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout A whoB whenC howD why 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning8 Weagreed herebutsofarshehasn tturnedupyet A havingmetB meetingC tomeetD tohavemet9 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto 10 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation A toeatnotB eatingnotC nottoeatD noteating11 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone12 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 13 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking14 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingsleep15 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmakeC notmakingD nottomake 1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福 arebothgreathappiness 2中国人民决不会征服 TheChinesepeoplerefuse 3据说他已经完成了他的工作 Heissaid 4根据报道他们已安全到达 Theyarereported Toloveandtobeloved togivein beconquered tohavefinished completedhiswork tohavearrivedsafely 5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车 Iwantthisbike 6玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了 Maryseemed 7众所周知 奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌 Heisknown agoldmedalattheOlympic toberepairedatonce immediately tohavebeentoldaboutit tohavebeengiven Hewasoverheardtosaythathehop