Book5-U2-Grammar-and-usage-1.ppt

Grammarandusage Unit 2 非谓语动词 过去分词 不定式 ing形式 动名词 现在分词 现在分词的时态和语态 以write为例 1 Hehurriedhome lookingbehindashewent 一般式 2 Havingfinishedtheirwork theyhadarest 完成式 3 Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary 被动语态 4 Havingbeenshownthelab weweretakentoseethelibrary 被动完成式 功能 定语 表语 宾语补足语 状语 定语 aninterestingbookthemansittingbythewindowboilingwaterthebridgebeingbuilt 正在被建的桥 现在分词用于名词前 用来修饰该名词 功能上相当于形容词 也可用于名词后 并可改写为定语从句 ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell ThegirlwhoiswritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell ThefactorymakingTVsetsisverylarge ThefactorywhichmakesTVsetsisverylarge A 与动名词作定语的区别B 与过去分词 不定式作定语的区别 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能 现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作 与过去分词 不定式作定语的区别 过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作以完成 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生 与修饰词是主谓关系 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作 boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater开水thechangingworld变化中的世界thechangedworld变化了的世界thedevelopingcountries发展中国家thedevelopedcountries发达国家fallingleaves正在落下的叶子fallenleaves落叶risingsun正在升起的太阳risensun已经升起的太阳 thehousebuiltthehousebeingbuiltthehousetobebuilt建好了的房子正在被建的房子将要被建的房子 表语 与过去分词作表语的区别表示 令人 的 都是 ing形式 表示 感到 都用 ed形式 表示主语的特征 状态等 一般接在联系动词后面 interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的 Thefilmwasmovingandhewasdeeplymoved Hishobbyispainting 动名词还是分词 宾语补足语 下列情形可用现在分词做宾补 感官动词 feel hear listento see watch notice lookat observe find表 使 动词 have get leave keep catch send setWith without 宾语 宾补 Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes Canyouhearhersinginginthenextroom Don tkeepthestudentsdoinghomeworkallday Whatshesaidsetmethinking 功能 定语 表语 宾语补足语 状语 1 Therewasaterriblenoise thesuddenburstoflight A followedB followingC tobefollowedD beingfollowed2 Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire allnight toburnB burnC burningD burned Multiplechoice 3 Theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofname A tosmellB smellingC smeltD tobesmelt 4 Theoldman abroadfortwentyyears isonthewaybacktohismotherland A toworkB workingC tohaveworkedD havingworked 5 Helookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketintoapassenger A putB tobeputtingC toputD putting 6 Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound inthekitchen smokeB smokingC tosmokeD smoked 1 Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom thestudentsstoodup 2 Beingastudent hewasinterestedinsports 3 Havingwrittentheletter Johnwenttothepostoffice 状语 现在分词作状语时 注意如下三点 相当于相应的从句 分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语 现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态 Rewritesentences 1 Becauseheknewthattherewasadogoutside thelittleboydidn topenthedoor thattherewasadogoutside thelittleboydidn topenthedoor 原因 Knowing 2 Thecouplewentshopping Asaresult theylefttheireldestdaughteraloneathome Thecouplewentshopping theireldestdaughteraloneathome 结果 leaving 3 Workinghard you llsucceed Ifyouworkhard you llsucceed 条件 4 Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad 时间 分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语Hetraveledontheplanelikethis keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket keeping的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致 都是he throughthepark beautifulflowerscouldbeseeneverywhere WalkingB WhenIwalkedC WalkD Walked 完成主动式 现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态 1 Havingfinishedherhomework shewenttobed 2 Havingheardthis thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction 分词完成时所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前 一般在句中作时间或原因状语用 不能做定语用 一般被动式 表示正在发生的被动动作 在句中作定语或状语 表正在被进行的动作 Thecarbeingrepairedismine Thecarwhichisbeingrepairedismine Beingrepaired thecarcan tbeused As Becauseitisbeingrepaired thecarcan tbeused 完成被动式 表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作 在句中多作状语 不能作定语 Havingbeenpraisedasecondtime Idecidedtomakestillgreaterprogress Havingbeenaskedtostay Icouldn tverywellleave 非谓语动词的否定式均为not 非谓语动词 现在分词的否定形式not 现在分词 完成的否定式not放在having之前 Notknowinghowtodyethesilkred hewenttoherforhelp Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime themotherworriedagreatdeal 一些独立结构 1 Generally speak wehavelearntalotinthisschool 2 judge fromhisappearance heissomebody 3 consider hisage helooksyoung speaking Judging Considering ExerciseA FinishPartAonP29 Keys Havingread2 shocking3 relaxing4 tiring5 interesting6 living ExerciseB FinishPartBonP29 Keys Exciting2 walking3 falling4 following5 moving6 Keeping 1 areply hedecidedtowriteasixthletter A NotreceivingB NottoreceiveC NothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived 2 Alicereturnedfromthemanager soffice methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce 04全国IV A havingtoldB tellsC totellD telling 3 inthequeueforhalfanhour Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome A TowaitB HavewaitedC HavingwaitedD