高三英语教材梳理复习.doc

高三英语教材梳理复习 人教修订版高三英语Unit 2 教案学案一体化Step 1 Warming up1.Look at the pictures on P.10.Do you know what made these people famous?Zheng He is famous for having made several voyages to the West, reaching as far as Africa.James Cook is famous for having made three great voyages around the world, and mapping coasts and sea routes.Christopher Columbus who discovered America in 1492.Abel Tasman was a Dutchman who discovered New Zealand. 2.Please tell me how many continents there are in the world and what are their names.Seven continents:North America,South America,Africa,Europe,Asia,Oceania and Antartica.3.What were the dangers and challenges explorers in the past faced while discovering and exploring the worlds continents?Dangers to which explorers were exposed were:Getting lost either in the jungle or at sea;Being attacked by native people;Being attacked by wild animals;Dying in a storm.Challenges which explorers faced:Maps were perhaps not very accurate;Communication was lost or important information could not be got on time;For inland exploration transport was slow.4.What words and expressions will you need to talk about discovery and science exploration?CategoryExamples of words and phrasesTransportnavigation,compass,sail,ship,captain,helicopter,camels,elephant,horses,jeep,porters,expeditionCommunicationjournals,maps,magazines,Internet,telephones,e-mail,smoke sihnals,lettersScienceand geographyvegetation,wildlife,(mineral)resources,ore,population,etcpolar,Indian Ocean,Pacific,Atlantic,Caribbean,etcPositioncentral,westernmost,southernmost,remote,altitude,latitudeProductsoil,rubber,spices,silk,fruit,tea,mushrooms,coffee,chocolate(cocoa),cotton,turkey.maize,etcStep 2 SpeakingTo deal with some words , phrases or sentences used in the talk（先用汉语解释一下即可，后面具体研究）1.take possession of 占领，占有 in possession of 某人占有，拥有in the possession of 某物/某人为某人所占有2. in the name of sb/sth 以的名义，代表3masses of 大量的 a mass of sand/snow 一堆/团/块4. be rich/poor in 富含/缺乏5do research on 进行调查研究6. a state key project一项国家重点项目7. dig up 挖掘8. risk ones life/health to do sth冒丧失生命，健康之险做某事10.be equipped with 用装备，配备Step 3 Pre-reading and post-reading1.Scan the text and tell me the answer to the second question on P.12The trade routes over land became too dangerous because of war and robbers.Trade by sea also allowed merchants to take more goods.2.Read the whole passage carefully and then do the following multiple choice questions1.Who were （was ） the earliest explorer（s） of the Western Ocean？A.Marco Polo. B.Christopher Columbus. C.European explorers. D.Brave merchants.2.Through the Silk Road,China got from other countries.A.spices and glass B.silk C.weaponsD.milk3.An African king gave rhinoceros horns to China in order to .A.make money B.stop the war C.show his friendship D.award the Ambassador 4.Which of the following became the worlds trading center over a few centuries after Han Dynasty? A.Ceylon. B.India. C.Swanhili kingdoms.D.Egypt.5.In Du Huans book “Record of My Travels” you can learn about .A.Marco Polo B.many foreign countries C.Christopher Columbus D.ways to make silk6.Who does “The Chinese Columbus” refer to?A.The Ming emperor. B.Du Huan. C.The Chinese ambassador. D.Zheng He.7.The text is mainly about .A.how the Silk Road was formed B.how China developed trading relations with Arabic countries C.Zheng Hes expeditions across the Indian OceanD.the history of Chinas opening to the outside world8.The small bronze statue of a lion found in Shanga most probably came from .A.ChinaB.Rome C.GreeceD.London 9.“In the east,China prospered under a new dynasty.”The underlined part refers to .A.the Han Dynasty B.the Song Dynasty C.the Qin Dynasty D.the Ming Dynasty10.Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A.Columbus exploration was stopped for economic reasons.B.No accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed before Zheng He.C.In the Ming Dynasty China had the most powerful navy in the world.D.The giraffe was an animal that could not be found in China in the Ming Dynasty.3. Read the passage and point out the topic sentence for each paragraph.Para.1 thesis sentence 论题Many great explorers made expeditions across the Indian Ocean long before Columbus ,among whom Zheng He was the most outstanding.Para.2 China had contacts with countries along the Indian Ocean from the early times,and during ancient time explorers had begun to contact with each other.Para3. Between the Han and the early Tang Dynasty,Swahili kingdom and the islands off the African coast developed into the world trade center and attracted merchants from the world.Para.4 During the Tang Dynasty,Du Huan,who traveled to many lands,wrote the book Record of My Travels.Para.5.In the 11th century the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty.Para6. By the beginning of the 15th century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.Para7.In the years between 1406 and 1433,under the command of Zheng He ,seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration.Para8 .Zheng He renewed relations with the kingdom of the East African coast.Para9.The fleet made several expeditions before the exploration was stopped.4.Post-reading After reading the text again and then finish Exercises 3,4 and 6PeriodNameWay of travelGoodsAncient times/Silk RoadSpices,glassHan DynastyGan YingOver landRhinoceros hornTang DynastyDu HuanOver land/by sea/Ming DynastyZheng HeBy boatZebras,giraffes,ivory,Rhinoceros horns,shellsThe Africans were reaching out to ChinaThe Africans came to China.The time was ripe.It was the right moment.The mouth of the Red Sea.The entrance to the Red Sea.For a short time,China had ruled the seas.For a short time,China had been the mostpowerful country at sea.Step 4 Language studySpeaking中的内容：take possession of占领，占有/get possession of拿到，得到The capitalist is in possession of a large fortune.那个资本家拥有大宗财产。A large fortune is in the possession of the capitalist. 大宗财产掌握在那个资本家手中。in the name of以的名义，代表I arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的名义逮捕你。The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部长代表国王讲话。I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。He escaped under the name of Tom.他化名为Tom逃跑了name构成的短语：by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫；name after以命名masses of/a mass of+countable noun(pl form)/+uncountable noun in the mass总体上，总的说来/the mass of大多数的/mass education群众教育/a mass meeting群众会议 The young dancers worked so hard so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.（许多）be rich in/be poor in Oranges are rich in Vitamin C含有丰富的维生素 a TV play rich in humour 富有幽默的电视剧alternative Have you got an alternative suggestion =another suggestion?你有没有其它建议？ Caught in the act,he had no alternative/choice but to confess/did nothing but confess.他被当场抓获，除了招供别无选择。available This was the only available room.这是唯一可以利用的房间。 You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你。 Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。equipwith Youd better equip your bike with a head light.你最好在自行车装个前灯。 They have equipped the army with modern weapons. 他们已经为部队装备了现代化的武器。The army has been equipped with modern weapons. （被动语态）课文中的内容Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation for mankinds greatest endeavorTo people of early civilizations, the world map was a great puzzle.Marco Polos stories inspiredChristopher Columbus and other European explorers to searchfor sea routesto the distant, wealth Asian Land. However, long before that brave merchants were the real explorers of the Western Ocean. 贸易和好奇常常构成人类巨大努力的基础。对于早期文明的人们来说，世界地图是一个极大的困惑。马可波罗的故事激励了克里斯托弗 哥伦布和其他的欧洲探险家去探索能到达遥远、富饶的亚洲大陆的海上航线。然而，远在这之前，勇敢的商人是真正的西部海洋的探险者。form the foundation for mankinds greatest endeavor 形成人们努力（探索世界）的基础endeavor：to try very hard They endeavored to change society.He endeavored to climb the mountain.You must endeavor to do it better.你必须尽力把它做好。Please make every endeavor to get up early.请尽量早起。puzzle vt.归纳拓展sb + be puzzled感到疑惑sth + be puzzling 令人疑惑sth + puzzle + sb使疑惑使迷惑;使为难,使窘困What puzzles me is why they didnt show up.令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。He looked a little puzzled.他看上去有点困惑。His recent behavior puzzles me.他最近的行为使我迷惑不解。苦思而得出(+out)I could not puzzle out her intentions.我猜不出她的意图。We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.我们苦苦思索终于理解这首诗的意思。vi.感到迷惑(+at)I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。苦思,冥思苦想(+about/over/as to)n. (游戏的)猜谜,智力竞赛C难题,谜,难以理解之事S1Her decision was a puzzle to him.她的决定对他来说是个谜。困惑,迷惑SIm in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.我不知道该如何应付这新局面。This is one of the most _ case.（puzzling）He had a p_ look on his face. (puzzled)Scientists are _ as to why the whale had swum to the shore.(puzzled)What _ me is why he left without saying goodbye.(puzzles)inspire sb to do鼓舞某人做某事/encourage sb to do sthsearch 归纳拓展search spl / sb for sth在寻找search for sth/make a search for 寻找某物in search of 寻找;寻求in (ones / the) search for寻找search sb搜查某人的身体他们正在村里搜查那个强盗。 They are searching for the robber in the village. They are searching the village for the robber. Cf:The policeman is searching the robber to see if he had a gun.警察正在搜那个强盗的身看他有没有带枪。I searched shop after shop for my sisters birthday present.为了给妹妹买生日礼物我跑了一家又一家商店。I will make a search for your book. I looked everywhere in search of my glasses.routes-a way from one place to anotherWhats the best route to Cambridge?a bus routeIf you dont enjoy driving on the main highways, try some of the rural routes.long before, before long(= soon ) 归纳拓展long before和状语,与完成时态连用long before + n. /从句 早在之前It be (not) long before 很久之后才/不久就.before long不久以后,与将来时或过去时连用There was a lively market long before. Before long you will understand what I said is good for you. I had waited him long before he came. It wont be long before you see him again. It was long before they escaped from the cruel prison.It is well known that Africa had contacts with India and the Red Sea civilizations from the earliest times. Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass, which was not known to China. Silk was also traded along the coasts of the India Ocean. Ceylon, withits central position, was the place where Chinese merchants met with Arab merchants and heard about the westernmost lands. Thus, people of the Han Dynasty knew about Africa and had books with description of the kingdoms on the African coast and the Red Sea. In 97 AD, Gan Ying, a Chinese ambassador went to the East Roman Empire over land and returned to Luoyang with a present from an African king- rhinoceros horns. 众所周知，很早很早以前，非洲就与印度和红海文明有联系。中国的丝绸沿丝绸之路运往印度、中东和罗马去交换香料和玻璃这些是在中国根本没人知道的东西。沿印度洋海岸也有丝绸贸易。锡兰，凭借其中心位置，成为中国商人会见阿拉伯商人和了解最西方国家的地方。因此，汉朝人了解非洲并且有书籍描述了红海和非洲沿岸国家的情况。公元97年，甘英，一位中国大使，从陆路到了东罗马并且把一位非洲国王所赠的礼物一犀牛角带回到洛阳。It is well known that 众所周知。这是固定句型。此句可换成：As is well known, It is well known that he works hard. = As is well known, he works hard.have contacts with/contact to有/联系have contacts with与某人有联系接触find ones way 设法到达归纳拓展feel ones way摸索着走、谨慎行事 fight ones way奋勇前进force ones way挤着向前走 wind ones way曲折前进make ones way去途中 lose ones way迷路push ones way 挤出一条路all the way by the wayby way of in a wayin no way in the wayexchange exchangeforin exchange for Id like to exchange five apples for five eggs. Mary exchanged her seat with Ann. She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese.她教他英语，他教她汉语。I gave him a book in exchange for his MP3 player.Ive offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a weeks accommodation.(膳宿)They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.他们用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。with + n. + prep.构成with结构:归纳拓展 with + n. / pron. + adj.with + n. / pron. + adv.with + n. / pron. + doingwith + n. / pron. + donewith + n. / pron. + to doHe sat there with his eyes closed.眼睛闭着He left the room, with the candle burning on the table.桌上点着蜡烛With a lot of work to do, I cant go out with you.有许多工作要做Id like to sleep with the door open/the lights on.把窗户开着/把灯开着He stood there with a book in his hand.手上拿着一本书Over the next few hundred years, the Swahili kingdoms and the islands off the African coast developed into the worlds trading centre for ivory, spices, rhinoceros horns, shells, animal skins and sugar. They were traded to merchants from the Arabic countries, Egypt, Greece, Rom, India, Ceylon and China. 在以后的几百年间，索马里王国以及非洲沿海的岛屿发展成为了世界贸易中心，主要经营象牙、香料、犀牛角；贝壳、动物皮毛和糖。这些物品远销到阿拉伯国家、埃及、希腊，罗马、印度、锡兰和中国的商人手中。The Arabic contacts to the American coast led to the next meeting between black people and Chinese. In the year 751, the Chinese traveler, Du Huan, was taken prisoner by the Arabic army. He escaped, and after a long journey wandering through Arabic countries. 这些阿拉伯人与非洲海岸的接触为后来一位中国人和黑人的会谈准备了条件。公元751年，中国的旅行家杜环被阿拉伯军队所俘虏。他逃跑了，在经历了阿拉伯国家的长途跋涉之后，于公元762年乘小船回到祖国。回国后，他写了经行记，讲述了中亚、阿拉伯以及非洲国家的情况。 be taken prisoner被抓: take sb prisoner逮捕/capture sb 俘获，捉拿 put sb in prison,take sb to prison,send sb to prison把关进监狱throw sb into prison把投进监狱wander ( 常与about /in/ through连用) The children wandered around the town with nothing to do.那些孩子无所事事，在街上闲逛。The boy wandered the neighbourhood,looking for the dog.那孩子走遍了邻里街坊，找他那条狗。In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty. It was a major development that the Americans were reaching out to China. The earliest Asian cultural relic found in Africa also dates from this period. A small bronze statue of a lion has been found in the Swahili town of Shanga. Nothing similar has ever been found in East Africa. 在十一世纪，非洲人曾几次通过海路到达宋朝王宫。这是非洲人开始了解中国的一次大发展。在非洲发现的最早的亚洲文化遗产也是从这一时期开始的。一个小青铜狮子塑像已经在尚加的索马里城发现了，还没有类似的东西在东非被发现。Not a single word reached my ears. 到达，传入He reached out his hand for the knife , but it was too far away. 伸手拿Our campus reaches to the river. 延伸到Jim reached for a gun but he was stopped. 伸手去取某物date from/back to The castle dates back to/dates from the 14th century.这座城堡建于14世纪。The contacts between China and Africa over the countries had led to the awareness of each others existence, but still no accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed. By the beginning of the fifteenth century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.In East Africa the coastal towns were reaching the height of their power. In the east, China prospered under a new dynasty. The Ming government had a large navy and the will to use it. 中国和非洲几个世纪的接触让双方知道了彼此的存在，但当时还没有精确的地图描述印度洋周围的国家。到了15世纪初，召开一次大型会议的时机已经成熟。东非沿岸城市正进入鼎盛时期。而在东方，中国在一个新的朝代的统治下也繁荣起来了。明朝政府拥有一支强大的海军并且也有发挥这支海军作用的想法。the awareness of each others existence意识到彼此的存在accurate, correct, exact辨析(inaccurate adj. 不准确的)均含“正确的”意思。accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力, 使事情达到正确”She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她对事故做了准确的描述。correct 为一般用语, 指“正确的”He gave correct answers to the questions. 他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。exact 表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正确。right很多情况下可与correct互换，但常有道德上认可的含义the right course of action正确的行动方针Was the peach ripe or green?那桃子是熟的还是生的？reach the height of power到达了繁盛时期prosper under a new dynasty在新的朝代下繁荣昌盛(prosperity) The business is prospering.生意兴隆。 He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.他祝这对新人生活幸福，万事如意。In the years between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration. Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Read Sea, and then traveled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa. 从1405年到1433年，七艘大型的珠宝商船到西方进行贸易和探险航行。在郑和的带领下，这支船队从中国南海出发，跨越印度洋到达红海口，然后继续向南航行，发现了非洲东海岸。treasure fleets 商船队sail westwards on voyages of exploration下西洋从事探险command vt., vi.（常与to, that连用）命令；指挥；统率The officer commanded his men to fire. 军官下令士兵开火。He commanded silence. 他命令大家肃静。He commanded that everyone make the best of the chance of Senior Three. 他要求人人都要充分利用高三的机会博得；赢得Einstein was really a great man who is able to command everyones respect. 爱因斯坦确是位伟大的人物,他能博得人人的尊敬。掌握；控制；对有支配权to command oneself控制自己n. 命令command internal（计算机的）内部命令under the command of 在的领导之下The army is under the kings command. 军队由国王直接统率。The army is under the command of General Washington. Bill is in command of the fleet.She has a good command of the French language. 她精通法语。set sail (to / from / for) 起航 Zheng He renewed relationswith the kingdoms of the East African coast. The African king sent the Ming emperor a royal present; two giraffes. The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited Chinas curiosity about Africa that Zhang He sent a message to the king and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors, and open embassies in the new Ming capital, Beijing. The response of the African rulers was very generous; They sent the emperor zebras, giraffes, shells, elephant ivory and rhinoceros-horn medicine. In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, silk, and various other presents. The exchange of goods had a symbolic meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves. By trading with the fleet the African kings were showing their friendship to the emperor of China. 郑和恢复了和非洲东海岸国家的联系。非洲国王送给明朝皇帝一个皇室的礼物：两只长颈鹿。这个精美的礼物和与非洲国家的接触使中国人对非洲如此好奇，以至于郑和给那个国王和别的非洲国家送信，邀请他们派大使并在明朝首都北京开办大使馆。这些非洲国家的领导者很慷慨，他们给明朝皇帝送来了斑马、长颈鹿、贝壳、大象象牙和犀牛角药品。作为往来，明朝皇帝给他们送去了黄金、香料、丝绸和各种别的礼物。这种礼物的交换的象征意义远远重于这些物品本身的价值。通过和这支船队的贸易，非洲国王开始表示对中国皇帝的友谊。renew relations重新确立关系send sb. a royal present送某人贵重礼物He sent a message to, invitin