高中英语语法精讲(Unit13Healthyeating)大纲人教版第一册.doc

语法精讲Modal Verbs(1)情态动词had better,should,ought to1.had better1)had better无人称和数的变化，后接不带to的动词不定式，表“义务”或“建议”，语气比should 或ought to更委婉。常译作“最好”“还是好”等，可用于第一、二、三人称。否定式为had better no.,疑问式为Had I/you better.?否定疑问式为Had+sb.+better not.?或Hadnt+sb.+better.?We/You/He had better write it down.我们/你/他最好把它记下来。You had better not ask her about it.你最好不要问她那件事。Had you better go at once?Yes,we had better.No,wed better not.2)had better的祈使句形式为Better do sth.。Better get up at once.你最好立刻起床。3）had better have done sth.用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表达相反的含义。You had better have started earlier.你当时最好早点出发。You had better not have scolded her.你当时没责备她就好了。 2.should1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事You should write to your parents once a month.你应该每月给你父母亲写一封信。2）表示对某种情况的估计，极有可能发生This book should be published in two months.这本书两个月后就会出版的。3）表示惊讶、失望等情绪It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这件事竟然发生在我身上，似乎太不公平了。4）should have done表示对过去的虚拟“本来应该做而没做”。You should have worked harder in senior middle school.在高中的时候你本来应该更努力地学习。3.ought to1）ought to无人称和时态的变化，可表示义务、要求或劝告，常译作“应该”“应当”等，语气比should稍重些，常表示客观情况，否定式为ought not to(oughtnt to)，疑问式为Ought I/you to,.?We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。Oughtnt you to give us a chance to try?你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗？2）表示极有可能发生某事Make your enemy your friend.化敌为友。If we set off right now,we ought to be able to get there on time.如果我们马上出发，我们应当能够按时到达那里。【考例1】（2006四川高考，34）Do you mind my smoking here?_.A.No,thanksB.No.Good ideaC.Yes,pleaseD.Yes.Better not解析：A、B、C三项答语都自相矛盾，题意为：“你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？”“是的（我介意），你最好别吸。”答案：D【考例2】_ I go home now,sir?No,you _.You should finish the composition first.A.Might;wouldntB.May;had better notC.Must;mustnt D.Need;mustnt解析：may的一般疑问句形式，根据句子的意义，否定回答可使用had better not。答案：B【考例3】(2006江苏高考，21)I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _.You havent been in touch with him for ages.A.willB.mayC.have to D.should解析：should意为“应该”，多表示某事宜做，应当做或必须做，强调主观方面。根据所提供的情景可判断出由于多年没有联系，应该给Bob打电话。will意为“将”；may意为“可以”;have to意为“不得不”，表示因客观原因不得不做某事。答案：D【考例4】(2006南京一模)Well,I could never imagine an honest boy like John _ cheat in the exam!A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might解析：考查情态动词的用法。should与第三人称连用，表示吃惊、愤怒、失望等语气。答案：B【考例5】(2006重庆一模)There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching-building there.Really?It _ be a fire,most pr