my-public-class名词性从句趣味详解.ppt

welcome Grammar Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative名词性从句宾语表语 Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote RelatedConception 相关概念 什么是名词 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词 2 名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分 TheboyisLiMing Mr Liang a24 year oldboy teachesusEnglish 主语 表语 同位语 宾语 NounClauses 名词性从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 AppositiveClause 同位语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 PredicativeClause 表语从句 awomanlyman Thatyoudon tlikehimmakeshimheartbroken Thefactthatyoudon tlikehimmakeshimheartbroken Thatiswhyyoudon tlikehim Wenowknowthatyoudon tlikehim 主从 同位语从句 宾从 表从 ObjectClause宾语从句 Theyknowtheteacher Theyknowthattheteacheristall AsentencewhichservesasobjectiscalledObjectClause 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语从句 ConjunctionsofNounClauses 引导名词性从句的关联词 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether if when where how why 一 连词 引导词 1 that LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter 2 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that从句作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud 3 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 1 Lilywantedtoknow hergrandmalikedthehandbag 2 Sheaskedme shecouldborrowthesebooks 注意whether和if的使用区别 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if Idon tknowwhetherornotIwillstay b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling 2 whether if if whether if whether Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 5 Idon tknow Ishouldgo if whether whether whether whether whether if togo whether 3 由wh 疑问词引导 Wefullyunderstoodwhathemeant Iaskedhowhewasgettingon Wewillchoosewhoeverisfit Theyshouldenjoycompletefreedomtomarrywhomevertheylove 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态任意 Iknowhe here live Iknowhe heretenyearsago live Ihaveheardthathe tomorrow come 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 Isawshe hermother talk Heaskedwhetherhisfather tomorrow comeback Hesaidthathe it see 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearth aroundthesun travel lives lived willcome travels wastalkingwith wouldcomeback hadseen 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 1 Idon tknowwhatisthematter thetrouble wrongwithhim 2 Idon tknowwhodidit 3 Idon tknowwhoishe 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary 1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary 2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy 1Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy 2Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday 2 Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein 注意 it常可以放在动词think find consider believe feel make等后作为形式宾语 真正的宾语 that从句则放在句尾 我们觉得很奇怪 shedidn tgotoschooltoday Wethinkitstrangethat 1 MissZengaskedwhywashelateforschool 2 Idon tknowwhatdidhedoyesterday 3 DirectorYanaskedwhatthematterwaswithher4 MissHesaidthatthemoonmovedroundtheearth 5 Theyareuncertainthatifitwillturncoldornottomorrow hewas hedid wasthematter moves whether PredicativeClauses表语从句 什么叫做表语 Heisastudent Theproblemseemspuzzling Hisjobistopaintthewalls Herjobistakingcareofthechildren 一 表语从句的定义 表语从句放在连系动词之后 充当复合句中的表语 Thequestioniswhowilldoit 系动词 表语从句 连系动词 be动词 感官动词 变化类动词 持续类动词 二 表语从句的构成 系动词 引导词 简单句WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired 引导词 表语从句 主语从句 系动词 1 引导主语从句的连接词有三类 1 从属连词that whether 两者在从句中均不作成分 只起连接作用 that无实际意义 但不可以省略 whether表示 是否 不能换成if e g Thequestioniswhetherhe llcomehere Myideaisthatweshouldleavehereatonce Theproblemiswhocanfinishthetask Shanghaiisnolongerwhatitusedtobe Shanghaiisnolongeracity itusedtobe 2 连接代词who whom whose what which等 在从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语等成分 有自己的词义 that 3 连接副词where when how why等 在从句中作时间 原因 地点 方式状语等成分 WhatIwanttoknowiswhenhewillbeback ThatiswhyIlikeLiBaisomuch Themysteryishowthepyramidswerebuilt Themother squestionwas shehasnotimetolookafterherdaughter 2 Thequestionis thatboywillturnupintime 3 Tomisnolonger heusedtobe 4 Thatis Ican tagreewithyou 无义 是否 的样子 的地方 whether that what where 特殊用法 1 because引导的表语从句的结构 1 Myangerisbecauseyouhaven tfinishyourhomework 2 Hewasill that s hewasabsentfromschoolyesterday 3 Hewasabsentfromschoolyester day thatis hewasill why because 2 asif asthough引导的表语从句常在连系动词look seem sound Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain 3 Thereason for why is wasthat Thereasonwhyhewasabsentfromschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill 1 Ithinkitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder 2 Hismotherissatisfiedwithhehasdone 3 hewasabletocomemadeushappy 4 Thisismakesusinterested 5 ThereasonwasTodhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore what that的区别 that what That what that that what的区别1 yourfatherwantstoknowis gettingonwithyourstudies A What howareyouB That howyouareC How thatyouareD What howyouare2 Thetroubleis weareshortoftools A whatB thatC howD whythat3 Americawas wasfirstcalled India byColumbus A whatB whereC theplaceD therewhere 1 Thequestionis wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek A thatB ifC whenD whether2 Thereasonwhyhefailedis hewastoocareless A becauseB thatC forD becauseof3 Goandgetyourcoatfromthetable It s youleftitwhereB thereC therewhereD wherethere 4 Theproblemis totaketheplaceofTedA whocanwegetB whatwecangetC whowecangetD thatwecanget5 WhatIwanttoknowis helikesthegiftgivenbyus A thatB ifC whetherD 不填6 Thereasonis Imissedthebus A thatB whenC whyD what 7 Thatis wewerelatelasttime A thatB whenC whyD what8 Shelooked sheweretenyearsyounger A thatB likeC asD asthough9 Ifellsick Ithinkitis youaredoingtoomuch A whyB whenC whatD because 10 Thereasonwhyhehasn tcomeis becausehismotherisillbecauseofhismother sbeingillC thathismotherisillD forhismotherisill11 Hewasbornhere Thatis helikestheplacesomuch A thatB whatC whyD how12 Thatis LuXunoncelived A whatB whereC thatD why 1 that引导表语从句无任何意义 也不充当任何句子成分 通常不省略Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney 问题是我们缺钱 reason后的表语从句要用that引导 即Thereasonwhy for isthat Thereasonforhismistakesisthathelacksconfidence 他犯错误的原因是缺乏信心 5 2010 北京高考 PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel DavidCopperfield wasitwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife A whatB thatC whyD whether 解析 此题考查名词性从句 考查句型thereason isthat that引导表语从句 在从句中不作句子成分 答案 B 2 whether引导表语从句 此时通常不可用if代替whether Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome 不能肯定他是否要来 Theproblemseemedhowwecouldmakehimunderstandit 问题好像是我们如何使他理解它 Thatiswhy how hecaughtacoldyesterday 那就是他昨天为什么 怎么 得了感冒 6 2011 山东高考 I mafraidhe smoreofatalkerthanadoer whichisheneverfinishesanything A thatB whenC whereD why 解析 考查表语从句 很显然 前文所说的 他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家 是下文 他一事无成 的原因 由此可知应该选why 答案 D 3 从属连词引导表语从句asif asthough because as等从属连词也可以引导表语从句 其中asif asthough引导的从句既可用一般语气也可用虚拟语气 Itlooksasifwewillbelate 看上去 我们似乎要迟到了 Thepatientlookedasifhehadbeenillforalongtime 看上去 病人似乎已经病了很长时间 1 同位语从句常放在fact news idea truth hope problem information belief thought doubt等名词的后面 是对前面的名词作进一步的解释 说明前面名词的具体含义Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet 他可能恢复的希望还没有破灭 在复合句中作表语的句子 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样 表语从句 1 问题是我们和他已失去联系 2 这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的 3 天看起来要下雨了 Theproblemis Thisis Itlooks thatwehavelosttouchwithhim howHenrysolvedtheproblem asifitisgoingtorain Thefactis wehavelostthegame Ourschoolisnolonger itusedtobe Thisis ourproblemlies Thatis hedidn tcometothemeeting what where that why 三 表语从句典型错误 1 ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasbecauseImissedthetrain 3 Thedifficultywenowmeetwithisifwecanpersuadehimtotellthetruth that whether 例如 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多 1 Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad 2 Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad 3 Hewaslatethismorning Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad 注意点 1 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序 2 表语从句的引导词that无实际意义 但不能省略 3 表语从句只能用whether 而不能用if引导 4 不要使用Thereason isbecause句型 应使用Thereason isthat 或This it that isbecause 等句型 名词性从句的连接词 一 主语从句 一般位于句首 1 连词that 无词义 不作成分 不能省略 whether 是否 不用if Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion 注意 已确定的事由that引导 没决定的事由whether引导 3 连接副词when ever where ever why how ever howlong howoften howsoon howfar howmany much等 Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon 2 连接代词what whatever who whoever whose which whichever等 Whatheishasnothingtodowithyou Whoseticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout 1 Ican tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind 2 theearthisroundisknowntousall 归纳 What That 连词 在从句中不作成分 不含有疑问意义 而 在从句中作成分 常含有疑问意义 that what youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness A WhatB WhoC ThatD Whether2 hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent A WhatB ThatC ThefactD Thematter3 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave A What whatB What thatC That thatD That what 1 主语从句通常被看作一个整体 主句的谓语动词用单数形式 Thattheywillcomeiscertain 2 由who whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定 Whoeversaythataretobepunished Whoheisdoesn tconcernme 3 What引导主语从句时 主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定 Whathewantsarethesebooks Whathewantsissomewater 主语从句的主谓一致 二 宾语从句 Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 名词性从句的作用相当于名词 因此主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 同位语从句 当that引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时 需用先行词it作形式宾语 把从句放到句末 that不能省略 Weconsideritpossiblethatheisill Ifeelitapitythatshecan tcome IhearditsaidthathehadgonetoAustralia Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheplan 2 由wh 疑问词引导 Wefullyunderstoodwhathemeant Goandaskwhyhewaslateyesterday Pleasetellmewhichismine Iaskedhowhewasgettingon Wewillchoosewhoeverisfit Theyshouldenjoycompletefreedomtomarrywhomevertheydesire Whateverhedoeshedoeswell Doyouknowwhether ifsheiscoming HeaskedmewhetherornotIwasbusy 1 介词后的宾语从句 Everythingdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrow 2 whether ornot的宾语从句 Idon tknowwhetherornotshe lllikeit 3 复合不定式只能用whether Telluswhethertogoorstayhere 但 宾语从句否定时常用if引导 Heaskedifyouwouldnotgoandseehim whether与if有时可以换用 但下列情况只能用whether 另附 1 主语从句置于句首Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome 2 表语从句MymainproblemrightnowiswhetherIshouldaskforanotherloan 贷款 3 同位语从句Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming 另附 1 Idon tknow I llbefreetomorrow 2 Idon tknow ornotI llbefreetomorrow 3 Thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting 4 Itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 Themanageraskedmethequestion Iwouldliketobehissecretary 7 youarenotfreetomorrow I llgowithoutyou whether if whether whether whether Whether If 用if或whether填空 whether 宾语从句要注意的几个问题 1 时态呼应 主从句时态保持一致 2 否定转移 think believe suppose expect guess等 但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下 Idon tthinkyouhavemetbefore haveyou Ithoughtyouwouldnotcome soIwenttherebymyself 3 后面不能直接跟that从句的动词 allow refuse let like cause force admire celebrate dislike hate love help take forgive等 这类次后可用其它形式作宾语 Iadmiretheirwinningthematch 正确 Iadmirethattheywonthematch 错误 三 表语从句 表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同 但 1 that引导表语从句时不能省 2 if不能引导表语从句 3 seem appear后可接that引导的从句 而look则不可 这三个词后都可用asif asthough引导从句 Itseems appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday Itseems appears looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway 四 同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact news promise truth belief thought idea answer information knowledge doubthope law opinion plan suggestion后面 用以说明或解释前面的名词 注 1 that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别 引导同位语从句的that无实际意义 不作从句的任何成分 而引导定语从句的that是从句中的某个成分 Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthematch Hetoldmethenewsthatwasveryexciting Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus 2 在havenoidea之后常用wh 引导同位语从句 Ihavenoideawherehehasgone Ihavenoideawhenhedidit Ihavenoideawhathedid Part3onpage46 Itishardforustoimaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnologieswillleadus NC 2 Peoplewanttoknowwhich green transportationwillbeusedinthecity NC 3 Haveyouheardofthenewmaglevtrain whichisenvironmentallyfriendly energy savingandtravelsatanamazingspeed AC 4 Hismemorybroughthimbacktothespr