人教新课标必修三英语语法-名词性从句[教学课件].ppt

语法 名词性从句 nounclause 英语句子的种类 简单句 simplesentence 并列句 compoundsentence 复合句 complexsentence 英语句子概论 简单句的五种基本句型 Theweatherisverycold 主语 谓语 连系动词 表语Helaughed 主语 谓语 vi IlikeChinesefood 主语 谓语 vt 宾语Shetaughtthemphysics 主语 谓语 vt 间接宾语 直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm 主语 谓语 vt 宾语 宾语补足语 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来 IturnedontheTV MysisterandIwatchedit IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit Iboughtmysisterapresent Shedidn tlikeit Iboughtmysisterapresent butshedidn tlikeit 并列句 并列句 常用并列连词 平行并列连词 转折并列连词 因果并列连词 选择并列连词 and both and notonly butalso neither nor but however while yet or either or for so 复合句 主句 从句 名词性从句定语从句状语从句 1 TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom 2 Becauseitisraining wehavetostayathome 定语从句 状语从句 3 Iknow that heisfromAmerica 宾语从句 名词性从句 NounClauses 名词性从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 AppositiveClause 同位语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 PredicativeClause 表语从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 主语 Hisjobisimportant Whathedoesisimportant 表语 Thisishisjob Thisiswhathedoeseveryday 宾语 Idon tlikehisjob Idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday 同位语 Idon tknowabouttheman Mr White Idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 名词性从句的作用相当于名词 因此主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 同位语从句 ObjectClauses宾语从句 Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 句子做宾语就是宾语从句 跟在及物动词或介词后 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 ConjunctionsofNounClauses 引导名词性从句的关联词 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether if when where how why 一 连词 引导词 1 that1 当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter 2 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that从句作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud 3 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时 由连词whether或if引导 是否 不能省略 1 Lilywantedtoknow hergrandmalikedthehandbag 2 Let ssee wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity 3 Sheaskedme shecouldborrowthesebooks 注意whether和if的使用区别 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if Idon tknowwhetherornotIwillstay b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling 2 whether if if whether if whether if whether Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 5 Idon tknow Ishouldgo if whether whether whether whether whether if togo whether 3 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时 由疑问词 what who whom which whosewhen where how why等 引导 因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknow hesaidjustnow Idon tremember wearrived Iaskedhim Icouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellme wehavetosee Doyouknow timetheplaneleaves what when where who whom what 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowhe here live Iknowhe heretenyearsago live Ihaveheardthathe tomorrow come 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwho here live Isawshe hermother talk Heaskedwhetherhisfather tomorrow comeback Hesaidthathe it see 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearth aroundthesun travel lives lived willcome travels lived wastalkingwith wouldcomeback hadseen 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 1 Idon tknowwhatisthematter thetrouble wrongwithhim 2 Idon tknowwhodidit 3 Idon tknowwhoishe 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary 1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary 2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy 1Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy 2Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday 2 Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein 注意 it常可以放在动词think find consider believe feel make等后作为形式宾语 真正的宾语 that从句则放在句尾 我们觉得很奇怪 shedidn tgotoschooltoday Wethinkitstrangethat Fillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions 1 Canyoutellme themanis Heismybrother 2 Ididn tknow hewascominguntilyesterday 3 Thedoctorasks medicineyouhavetaken 4 Iwanttoknow theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity who when what how when Whether if 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C 5 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howIcouldgettothestationD howIcanreachthestation6 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike7 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive C B D 8 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis9 Couldyoutellmehowlong A youhaveboughtthewatchB youhavekeptthissciencebookC haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10 Hesaysthatifit tomorrow he fishing A willrain won tgoB rained wasn tgoC rains won tgoD rain willgo B C D SubjectClauses主语从句 ConjunctionsofNounClauses 引导名词性从句的关联词 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether when where how why 1 iscertain 我们将迟到了 2 isknowntoall 地球是圆的 3 isapity 你错过了这次机会 Thattheearthisround Thatyoumissedthechance 二whether是否 表不确定的事情 引导词 Thatweshallbelate hurtshimsomuch 她离开他 一 that 只起引导作用 不充当成分 但不能省略 没有意义 1 Thatshelefthim isnoteasytosay 他是否会来这 2 Whetherhewillcomehere Ifhewillcomehere 3 ismorepractice 我们所需要的 what在从句中作主语 4 isunderdiscussion When在从句中作状语 Whatweneed Whenwewillbeginthemeeting if 不能引导主语从句 三 其他疑问词 注意一 主语从句后置 为了避免主语冗长 句子头重脚轻 经常用it作形式主语 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 Thatweshallbelateiscertain 1 Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall 2 Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance It sknowntoallthattheearthisround It scertainthatweshallbelate 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型 Itis adj nthat strange apity Itis v edthat said reported 由连词whether 连接代词what who which和连接副词when where why how等引导 也常常后置 Whowilldoit beendecided have has Whatheneeds thatbook Whatheneeds somebooks is are 注意三 What与that引导主语从句 what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 它在句子中只起连接作用 1 yousaidyesterdayisright 2 sheisstillaliveisapuzzle What That 注意 主语从句中 谓语动词一般用单数 注意二 What引导的主语从句 可根据表语决定 hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue A ThatB WhyC WhatD How 2 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere 3 isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry theFirstWorld Which belongtob As belongedtoc What belongingtod It belongingto 4 It sknowntousall aformofenergy A waterisB thatwaterisC iswaterD thatwaterto5 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggray A whetherB thatC whatD when6 WhatIsayandthink noneofyourbusiness A isB areC hasDhave PredicativeClauses表语从句 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether asif asthough when where how why because 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有be look remain seem 表语从句 Thequestionis wecanrelyonhim That s wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime Helooked hewasgoingtocry That s Iwaslate whether because asif why 注意 在表语从句中 表 是否 时 只能用 whether 不能用 if 一般情况下 that 不能省 Itis wasbecause Itis waswhy 3 Thereason why for is wasthat 4Thereasonisbecause why that 1 That s thePartycalledonustodo A whyB whatC howD that2 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD Whether3 Thatis theyseparated A thatB whatC whichD where4 Janeisnolonger shewasfouryearsago A whatB whichC thatD when 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句 1 Idon tknowifIcandoit 2 Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult 3 Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies 4 MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople 5 Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 6 That swhatyouaregoingtodofirst 7 It llbedecidedattheclassmeetingwhoistobethemonitorofourclass 8 Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion 9 Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid 10 HegavemethenewsthatsomeAmericanswillvisitourschooltomorrow 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 主语从句 同位语从句 appositiveClauses同位语从句 同位语从句1 跟在某些名词后面 对该名词作进一步解释说明 常用名词有belief fact idea hope news doubt result thought information opinion等 Suggestion suggestorderdemandwish等2 常用连词 that when where why how e g 1 消息传来 拿破仑要来视察他的军队 WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy It sthequestionhowhedidit 3同位语从句多用that引导 无意义 不可省 2 问题是他如何做这件事的 4 在havenoidea之后用wh 引导同位语从句 Ihavenoideawherehehasgone Ihavenoideawhenhedidit Ihavenoideawhathedid 1 TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina Weheardthenewslastnight Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina 4 Timetravelispossible Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline ManyBritishparentsholdtheview ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 1 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected 2 WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain 定语从句 同位语从句 3 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略 而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略 区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句 1 引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分 而在定语从句中 that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等 2 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明 而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰 解释为 的 3 Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall 1 Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue 2 Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 判断 定语从句or同位语从句 1 Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday 2 Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups 3 ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue 4 Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue 5 Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 注意1 that what的辨用 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 Weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 4 Hetoldus hefeltill 5 Theresultis wewonthegame 6 Thisis wewanttoknow 7 Ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon 8 Thefact sheworkshardiswellknowntousall What That what what what that that that Rules 1 that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用2 what除起连接作用外 还在名词性从句中充当成分 可做从句的主语 宾语 或表语 注意2 whether与if的辨用 1 Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem 2 Itremainsaproblemwhether ifitistrue 3 Heaskedwhether ifMarywouldattendtheceremony 4 Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney 5 Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit 6 Thequestionwhetherhe llattendthemeetingisimportant 7 Ididn tknowwhethertolaughortocry 8 Idon tknowwhether ifitisrightornot Rules 1 在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中 表 是否 whether if都可以用 2 在前置主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中 表 是否 只能用whether 3 在whether ornot和whethertodo中whether不能换成if Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 Idon tknow heiswellornot 3 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 4 Ithasn tbeendecided weshallattendthemeeting 5 We reworriedabout heissafe 6 Thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 Idon tknow togoortostayathome whether if whether whether whether whether whether whether whether if 1 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities AWhat becauseBWhat thatCThat whatDThat because2 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons AWhat whyBThat whatCWhat becauseDWhy that B A B 3 Heisabsentfromschool Itis heisseriouslyill A whyB becauseC thatD thereason 4 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever 5 Informationhasbeenputforward moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities AthatBhowCwhereDwhat D A 6 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7 Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame Oh that s AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited A A fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10 Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview pleaserememberthegoldenrule Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly hewants AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11 Wemadethesuggestionthathe hiswork AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued B A B 12 Therewillbeaspecialpricefor buysthingsinlargenumberhere A whoB whomC whoeverD Whomever13 Marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame whyB whatC whoD that 05 14 Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept helphecanget 05 A whicheverB howeverC whateverD whenever 14 Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor sstatement wouldsupportataxcut andheB wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15 manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun WhichB HowC WhatD That16 Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants A HoweverB whateverC whicheverD whenever 16 Shereceivedthemessage hewouldcomebyplane A thatB whichC whatD when17 Energyis makesthingswork A whatB somethingC anythingD that18 Ourcityhaschangedalot andnowitisquitedifferentfrom afewyearsago A whatitusedtobeB thatitusedtobeC whichitusedtobeD whatwasit 19 Weallknowthetruth thereareair waterandsunlight therearelivingthings A whereverB whereC thatD thatwherever20 Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin but A howyouget thatyougiveB whichyouget whatyougiveC whatyouget whatyougiveD whatdoyouget whatdoyougive21 isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It Pickuponenumberandfinishthetaskinit thenyoucangetsomepoints GameTime 1 Thesuggestion that shehasputforwardisverygood 2 Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood 判断 名词性从句 定语从句 名词性从句 定语从句 10 1 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Thatis Ihadafewdaysoff Theprojectwasturndown Isthat welackmoney 3 Tomdidn tgotoschooltoday Thereasonwas hefellill 用that why because填空 that why because 20 ThenewsthatLiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesBroughtChinesegreathappiness News broughtChinesegreathappiness LiuXiang the110hurdles Makeasentence 30 1 Idoubt hecanspeakEnglish 2 Idon tdoubt hecanspeakEnglish whether if that 10 Correctornot Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven tbeenknownyet beheldhasn tbeenknownyet Payattention 主语从句的谓语用单数形式 10 判断 名词性从句 定语从句 1 Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn texistatall 2 ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek 名词性从句 定语从句 10 thecatdo made Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry What cry Makeasentence 30 1 TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet 2 Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause ThefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 20 1 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing 2 weshallattendthemeetinghasn tbeendecidedyet 用whether if填空 whether Whether 10 Translatethesentence 他们很需要帮助 isquiteclear Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelp 20 don tkonw whatdo wherego Themandoesn tknowwhereheshouldgoandwhatheshoulddo Makeasentence 30 1 DotheyspeakEnglish 2 Wewanttoknow Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause Wewanttoknowif whethertheycanspeakEnglish 20 Correctornot Payattention 在此宾语从句中 it充当形式宾语 真正的宾语为that从句 Ithinkitworthwhilethat Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks 10 1 Thenews wewonthecompetitionisveryencouraging 2 Ihavenoidea hashappenedtohim 用that what填空 what that 10 Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary Payattention 名词性从句的语序用陈述语序 Correctornot whenhewillgotothelibrary 10 用that和what填空Hisfatherissatisfiedwith hehasdone Thereasonwas Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundbank note what that 10 talkabout theuseofcellphone Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone Makeasentence 30 Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn tbeendecidedyet Correctornot Whetherwewill decidedyet Payattention 放在名词性从句句首 表示 是否 只能用whether 不能用if 10 1 Theproblemhasbeensolved 2 Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm Jointwosentencesin