旅游英语之意大利篇.docx

Rome （Italy） 意大利罗马Theres no escaping it： Rome means history. There are layers of the stuff - Etruscan（伊特鲁里亚的） tombs， Republican meeting rooms， Imperial temples， early Christian churches， medieval bell towers， Renaissance（文艺复兴） palaces and baroque basilicas（长方形基督教堂）。 In this city a phenomenal concentration of history， legend and monuments coexists（共存） with an equally phenomenal concentration of people busily going about their everyday life. Its hard to say what youll find most breathtaking（惊人的） about the eternal city - the arrogant opulence of the Vatican（梵蒂冈）or the timelessness（永恒） of the Forum（古罗马广场）。Rome is halfway down Italys western coast， about 20km inland. Its a vast city， but the historic centre is quite small. Most of the major sights are within a reasonable distance of the central railway station. It is， for instance， possible to walk from the Colosseum（罗马圆形大剧场）， through the Forum， up to Piazza di Spagna（西班牙广场） and across to the Vatican in one day， but you wouldnt really want to. All the major monuments are west of the train station， but make sure you use a map. While it can be enjoyable to get off the beaten track（平坦的路） in Rome， it can also be very frustrating and time-consuming.Most of the budget（便宜的） places to stay are clustered around Stazione Termini； this area is rife with pickpockets（扒手） and gangs of thieving children， so beware - do your best to look like you know where youre going. It is only slightly more expensive and definitely more enjoyable to stay closer to the city centre.Romes mild climate makes it visitable year-round； however， spring and autumn are without doubt the best times to visit， with generally sunny skies and mild temperatures. Unfortunately， these times are also the peak tourist season， when the tour buses pour in（川流不息的涌入） and tourists are herded around like cattle. July and August are unpleasantly hot， and Romans traditionally desert the stiflingly hot city in August， with many businesses closing； try to avoid visiting at this time. From December to February there is briskly cold weather， although its rarely grey and gloomy.Events-wise， Italys calendar bursts year-round with cultural events ranging from colourful traditional celebrations with a religious and traditional flavour， through to cultural events. Summer is definitely the best time to visit if you want to catch the best of the festivals； however， the Romaeuropa festival is now a feature of the autumn calendar， the Roma opera season runs from December until June and the classical and contemporary music scene is lively all year round.Milan （Italy） 米兰（意大利）The hardworking Milanese（米兰人）run their busy metropolis with efficiency and aplomb（沉着、冷静）。 It is the countrys economic engine room， home to Italys stock market and business centres This stylish city is also the worlds design capital and rivals Paris as a leading fashion centreMilan is all about worldly pleasures Shopping is of almost religious significance Theatre and cinema flourish in this fashionable milieu（环境）， as does a hopping club scene and a slew of tempting restaurants Apart from a few gems， the city is not renowned for its looks； its the lifestyle that countsMilan is a sprawling metropolis， but most of its attractions are concentrated in the city centre， between the duomo（大教堂）（cathedral） and the Castello Sforzesco（斯弗克斯可城堡）。 The duomo is best place to begin exploring the city and is within strolling distance of dozens of historic sitesApart from the city center， another area deserving your attention is the Brera， immediately north of the duomo， with its posh galleries and fashionable shopping streetsMilan is said to have been founded by Celtic tribes（凯尔特部落）， who settled along the Po river in the 7th century BC In 222 BC， Roman legions marched into the territory， defeated the locals and occupied the town， which they called Mediolanum （middle of the plain）。 The citys key position on the trade routes linking Rome with northwestern Europe ensured its continued prosperity， and it was here in 313 AD that Constantine I（君士坦丁一世，拜占庭帝国皇帝）made his momentous edict granting Christians freedom of worshipThe city endured centuries of chaos caused by waves of barbarian invasions It formed a commune （town council） in the 11th century， leading the city into a period of rapid growth Perhaps because of this success， the city did not get along well with its neighborsFrom the mid13th century， the city was governed by a succession of important families： the Torrianis， the Viscontis and the Sforzas Under the latter dynasties， Milan enjoyed considerable wealth and power The city came under Spanish rule in 1535 and was given to Austria in 1713 as part of the Treaty of Utrecht（乌特勒克条约）。 Austrian powerbroker Maria Theresa left her mark on the city； the facades of La Scala and the Palazzo Real remain her favorite shade of yellow Napoleon made Milan the capital of his Cisalpine Republic in 1797 and his Italian Republic five years later It hosted his coronation as King of Italy in 1805Austria regained control of the city from 18141859 It wasnt long before troops under Victor Emmanuel II and Napoleon III wiped up the Austrian forces at the Battle of Magenta Milan was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy in 1860During WWII central Milan was heavily bombed， and the opera house in particular was blown to smithereens（碎屑）。 Fittingly， Mussolinis career also ended in Milan his corpse was hung upside down from the roof of a petrol station on Piazzale Loreto after he was shot trying to flee the countryThe postwar industrial boom led by car manufacturing and greater access to northern Europe via the new Alpine tunnels led to a spurt of growth accompanied by industrial unrest The Red Brigades terrorised Milan and other centres of industry throughout the 1970s In the 1990s， local political elites were torn apart by kickback s