高考英语阅读之猜词技巧.ppt

高考英语阅读GuessingUnknownWords 高考英语阅读GuessingUnknownWords 一般说来 考查形式一般是在文与题中均画线标明 考查内容有名词 代词 动词或词组 既可能是生词 也可能是熟词 Theunderlinedword family inthesecondparagraphmeans A homeB childrenC wifeandhusbandD wifeandchildren Thebaker withhiswifeandfamily wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof 1 构词法 Word building 1 利用前缀和后缀 2 转化 3 合成2 根据普通常识 生活经验推测生词词义 Commonsense Experience 3 根据上下文相关的信息 RelatedInformation 利用前缀和后缀1 Theideaoffamilyseemstobemoreorlessnon existentinEngland 04广东 2 Andaparticularpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables NMET2000 3 Ibegannoticingthattheotherfellowswereoverchargingpassengers 04广东 4 ThenJohnnycameoutandtoldusanextraordinarystory 不存在的 不可再回收利用的东西 对 要价太高 不同寻常的 2 转化英语中有些单词 词形不变 词性却可以由一种转化成另一种 如 1 Iemptiedeverythingintoanotherbox 2 YesterdayIspentthewholedaypaperingthewalls 3 Readthenewsfromdifferentviewsanddrawyourownconclusionsonthestoriesshapingourworld 04广东 4 Theturbine 涡轮机 canthenpoweranelectricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity 05广东 由 空的 转义为 倒空 用纸贴 塑造 使定型 发动 3 合成 就是由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个新词 英语中合成词多如繁星 大大增加了英语词汇 如 classroom newspaper pickpocket editor in chief handshake silkworm motorcycle 2 根据普通常识 生活经验推测词义 1 Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim 2 Thiswoollenmaterialshouldbedry cleaneditwillshrinkifyouwashitinhotwater 麻醉剂 缩水 3 根据上下文相关的信息 RelatedInformation 根据给生词下的定义 生词前后句子的同义关系 反义关系 因果关系 根据列举的事例 标点符号等 根据上下文以生词的定义为线索猜测词义是最直接的一种猜词方法 以tobe 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 bedefinedas 被定义为 beknownas 被称为 becalled 被称为 betermed 被定义为 等结构为线索猜测词义 1 Ventilation asyouknow isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering 2 Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly NMET90 3 Forloversofthearts Apolloisatrulynecessarymagazine 04广东 4 Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal NMET1993 通风 退火 盗窃癖 5 Apersonorthingbeyondcomparison amodelofexcellence isknownasaparagon 6 Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter 模范 优秀的人或物 木匠 Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats swallowingfire andothersimilartricks Wecanfeelacceleration anincreaseinspeed 变戏法者 以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法 加速 同位关系 标点符号 如括号 冒号 破折号等往往为一些生词直接提供定义或解释 这些符号无疑为读者理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索9 Tornadoesnormallyoccuronhot humid alittlewet day butnotnecessarilyinthesummer 10 Thisyearsometwenty threehundredteen agers youngpeopleagedfrom13 19 fromallovertheworldwillspendabouttenmonthsinU Shomes 上海高考 潮湿的 11 SomeorganizationsofUnitedNationsprefertotakeonPolyglotsastheirworkers thosewhocanunderstandaswellasspeakmanylanguages 懂而且会说多种语言的人 12 2004年上海卷 C篇 Withoutexaminations employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem aformoffavouritismwillreplaceequality Theword favouritism inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat A brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB childrenfromwell respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavouredinjobmarketsD childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess Thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter Or like 像 一样 as as 如同 一样 thesameas 与 相同 等有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词 取代 接替 肥胖的 Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 一片混乱 肮脏的 节俭的 NMET2002 E篇 Achild sbirthdaypartydoesn thavetobeahassle itcanbeabasketoffun accordingtoBethAnaclerio anEvastonmotheroftwo ages4and18months Whatdoestheunderlinedword hassle probablymean A apartydesignedbyspecialistsB aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD ademandmadebyguests 常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有 but yet however while otherwise inspiteof despite eventhough although though unlike instead of ratherthan nevertheless ontheotherhand still onthecontrary comparedto 19 Definedmostbroadly folkloreincludesallthecustoms beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration 20 Inthelibrary youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools orEnglishLearning 民俗学 民俗传统 期刊 杂志 21 2001A Thelargestplayer ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices deluxesedans minivans stationwagons coaches Santanasedansarethebigfavorite Thewords deluxesedans minivans and stationwagons usedinthetextreferto A carsinthemakingB carrentalfirmsC carsforrentD carmakers C 22 Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong23 Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 24 SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting Iboughtareplica Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference because since as so so that与such that这些信息词出现在有生词的句中 通过因果关系 依据已知部分 就能猜出生词的词义 修剪 浑浊的 复制品 25 Anotherhabitwhichcanslowyourreadingiscalled subvocalization Inthiscaseyourlipsdonotmove butyoustill hear eachwordinyourheadasyoureadsilently 26 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A strongB firmC kindD clever27 Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer A workB studyC nameD interest 默读 B A 8 SomethinginterestinghappenedduringthelastChristmasshoppinghourinLondon Apoorman who tho