高二英语虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气 一 陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一个看法 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式 Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion Theydidn twatchfireworksyesterdayevening WhatcanIdoforyou 例如 ShallIturnontheradio HowdisappointedTomwas Whatlovelyflowersthoseare 二 祈使语气 用来表示说话人的请求 命令或劝告等 动词要用原形 其否定式在动词前加donot Letmehaveatry Don tbelateagain Don tsayitinChinese SayitinEnglish Let sgoandplaybasketball 三虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是一种与事实相反的假设 愿望 猜测或建议等等 三虚拟语气 一 在条件句中的用法1与现在事实相反 例如 IfIhadtimenow weshouldreaditagain Ifsheknewaboutit shewouldcome Ifhewerehere everythingwouldbeallright IfI you Iwouldn treturnthecall beB amC wasD were Testyourself D 2与过去事实相反 例如 Ifhehadseenyouyesterday hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear Iwouldhaveboughtacar Iftheyhadknownheraddress theywouldhavewrittentoher TESTYOURSELF EX1 IfI moretime Iwouldhavegonewithyou A hadB hadhadC HavehadD wouldhave EX2 IfIhadknownthat I so wouldn tdoB wouldn thavedoneC Won tdoD havenotdone B B 3与将来事实相反 例如 IfitwereSundaytomorrow Iwouldgotoseemyfriendsthere Ifsheshouldcome Ishouldaskherforhelp Ifyouweretofailtocatchthetrain youmighttakethebus Ifit tomorrow whatwouldwedo A rainsB WeretorainC wouldrainD rain2 Ifitshouldrain I gotheretomorrow A willB WouldnotC won tD Wouldnothave Test B B 补充1 Without 没有 butfor 要不是 otherwise 否则 这些词可以表示某种假设情况 从而省略条件句 Iwasbusylastweek otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou Iwasbusylastweek ifIhadnotbeenbusylastweek Iwouldhavecometoseeyou Withoutelectricity humanlife quitedifferenttoday isB WillbeC wouldhavebeenD wouldbe Iftherewerenoelectricity 2 ButfortheParty he ofhunger30yearsago A wouldhavediedB woulddieC mustdieD musthavedied Iftherehadn tbeentheParty he D A 3 Iwasbusyyesterday otherwiseI yourbirthdayparty AttendedB haveattendedC WouldattendD wouldhaveattended IfIhadn tbeenbusy I D 补充2 错综时间条件句 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生 这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式进行 而需要按照各自的时间来调整 这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句 例如1 Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor sadvice then youwouldbeallrightnow 如果你那时听了医生的话 你现在就好了 主句与从句发生的时间不同 应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整 Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor sadvice youwouldhavebeenallrightthen 如果你那时听了医生的话 你那时就好了 主句与从句发生的时间同时 例如2 Ifyouhadwateredthemmore thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter 如果你再给庄稼多浇些水 他们会长得更好 指现在长得更好 Ifyouhadwateredthemmore thecropswouldhavegrownstillbetter 表示对过去的虚拟 如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水 他们就会长得更好 例如3 如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话 他现在就不会这么困难 Ifhehadpreparedwellforhislessonsyesterday hewouldn thavesomanydifficultiesnow Ifyouwereolder 对现在进行虚拟 I youtogothereyesterday 对过去进行虚拟 WillallowB shouldallowC WouldhaveallowedD hadallowed C 补充三 倒装形式表示虚拟条件句 从句中if有were had should等词语 可以将if省略 同时were had should提至句首 构成倒装 表示虚拟条件 1 IfIshouldmeether Iwouldtellher shouldImeether Iwouldtellher 万一 2 IfIwereinyourposition Iwoulddoitbetter wereIinyourposition Iwoulddoitbetter 3 Iftheyhadmadepreparations theywouldhavesucceeded Hadtheymadepreparations theywouldhavesucceeded 1 Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme A HadIbeenyouB IwereyouC WereIyouD Ihadbeenyou C 二 在动词wish后面的宾语从句中 表示不可能实现的愿望 其动词形式有三种 1表示与现在事实相反的愿望 谓语动词用过去式 IwishIhadtimetoread IwishIknewheraddress 2 表示与过去事实相反的愿望 或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事 谓语动词用 had 动词过去分词 IwishIhadstudiedveryhard Hewisheshehadn tspentsomuchmoney 3 表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望 谓语动词用 would could might 动词原形 Iwishhewouldbemorecareful Iwishhewoulddothejobbetter ShewishesIwouldgowithher IwishI abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight wasB wereC HadbeenD shouldbe2 HowIwishI torepairthewatch Ionlymadeitworse HadtriedB hadn ttriedC HavetriedD Didn ttry3 IwishI whattodo A knewB HaveknownC knowD wouldknow C B A 4 Hewishes mistakes Hedoesn talwaysmakeB hedidn talwaysmakeC hewouldn talwaysmakeD Hewouldn talwaysmaking5 Iwish A hewereB heleavesmealoneC HebeleftD hewouldleavemealone C D 三 虚拟语气在其他从句中用法 1 在 It be 某些形容词或过去分词 that 的句型中 主语从句中的动词形式常用 should 动词原形 常用的形容词有 necessary important impossible natural strange常用的过去分词通常是表示建议 要求 命令等suggested required requested demanded ordered desired advised 例如 Itisnaturalthatheshouldsayso Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbediscussedatonce 例如 Itisreallystrangethatthegirl soearly A hasbeenmarriedB hasmarriedC bemarriedD wouldmarry C 2 表示建议 要求 命令类的名词性从句 一坚持 insist二命令 order command三建议 advise suggest propose 四要求 demand require request desire 通常用 should 动词原形 Should可以省略 例如 Hesuggestedthatweshouldvisitthepalacerightaway Sheproposedthatthemeetingbeputoff Heorderedthattheyshouldstartoffimmediately Idemandedthatheshouldanswermeatonce 在表示建议 要求 命令等名词之后的表语从句 同位语从句中 通常用 should 动词原形 这些名词有 idea proposal ordersuggestion decision advice Hisproposalisthatthemeeting should beputoff Oursuggestionisthatyou should bethefirsttogo 4 asif asthough asif asthough引导的从句可以用来表示猜测 假定 谓语动词在从句中用过去式表示与现在事实相反 用 had 过去分词 表示与过去事实相反 Heisrunningaboutasifhewereamadman Theytalkedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears 1 Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey friendsforyears WereB WouldbeC HavebeenD hadbeen D 但是 需注意 如果引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符合 应该用陈述语气 Itlooksasifourteamisgoingtowin 场上情况表明有可能 Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain各种迹象表明天要下雨 一试身手 1 Itseemsasifit rain A willB isgoingtoC istoD weregoingto2 youtalkasifyou there A werereallyB hasreallybeenC hadreallybeenD wouldreallybe B C 5 在 It s about high time that从句 结构中 从句中谓语动词用过去式表示一种建议 意思是 该做某事了 也可以使用should 动词原形 should不可以省略 不经常用Youlooksotiredtonight It stimeyouwenttobed It shightimeyougotup Itistimewestartedoff It stimethatweshouldhavesupper 1 Itishightimethatwe offAreB wereC BeD willbe B 6 ifonly句型 要是 该多好啊 谓语动词用法同wish 谓语动词用过去式 过去完成式 或would could might 动词原形表示虚拟语气 IfonlyIcouldseehimnow IfonlyIhadn tlostit IfonlyI howtooperateacomputerasyoudo HadknownB wouldknowC ShouldknowD knew D 7 wouldrather hadrather后跟从句 谓语动词通常用过去式表示与现在或者将来的虚拟 用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟 IwouldratheryoucametomorrowI dratheryouhadn tacceptedtheirinvitationyesterday Iwouldratheryouhad