高中英语语法非谓语动词.ppt

NonfiniteVerbs 非谓语动词 谓语 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 它有人称 数 时态和语态的变化 e g Heworks Hetakescareofthebaby HewillgotoShanghai Hedidn tgotoShanghai HehasgonetoShanghai Youarestudents Youlooksmart 单谓语或动词短语 情态动词 助动词 v 系动词 表语 非谓语 主要包括不定式 todo ving形式以及过去分词 done 无人称 数的变化 不单独作谓语 但保留动词特点 可以有宾语或状语 e g Heworks Hewantstoworkhere Heisworkingnow Hehasdonehiswork Youarestudents soyoudon tworkinthefactory Beingstudents youdon tworkinthefactory 过去分词 不定式 V ing形式 非谓语动词 高考题 巩固题1 巩固题2 Revision ThefunctionofV ing1 Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful 2 IenjoylearningEnglish 3 Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage 4 Themusicsoundsexciting 5 Myjobisteaching 6 Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool 7 Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine 8 Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard 9 Hearingasound thebabystoppedcrying adverbial subject object predicative attribute objectcomplement attribute predicative object V ingasAdverbial 1 Hearingasound thebabystoppedcrying 2 Hecutofftheelectricity preventinganaccident 3 Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome not V ing not havingdone not havingbeendone 4 Havingcutofftheelectricity hepreventedanaccident 5 Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears sheknowshowtogrowvegetables 6 Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick V ing的形式 Revision 一 动词不定式todo作用 Thefunctionof todo 1 Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist subject 2 Nothinginlifeistobefeared predicative 3 PeoplewholistentoHawking slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim object 4 Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive attribute 5 Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures adverbial 6 Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere adverbial 7 Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist objectcomplement 7 Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromliving objectcompement Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors 2 Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous 3 Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore Didn tyounoticethat 4 Theyseemtoknoweachother 5 Whenmothercameintomyroom Ipretendedtobereadingaletter 6 I llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem 二 不定式的形式 时态与语态 小结 not todo not tobedone not tohave been done not tobedoing 过去分词done 若是及物动词 vt 则表示被动 动作已经完成 即先于谓语动词 若是不及物动词 vi 则只表示完成 如 abrokenglass aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallentree atreewhichhasfallen down 1 形式与含义 2 成分 1 作表语egSheisinterestedinthejob Alltheaudiencesaremoved 2 作定语eg Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground 3 作宾补egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday 4 作状语 比较 Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain wefoundtheviilageverysmall Seeingfromthetopofthemountain wefoundthevillageverysmall eg Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain thevillagelooksverysmall Seenfromthetopofthemountain thevillagelooksverysmall eg Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents Theteacherenteredtheroom followedbysomestudents 判断下列句子中过去分词 done 的成分 1 Foldedinhispocket theletterwasn tfounduntiltwentyyearslater 2 Nomatterhowhardhetried hecouldn tmakehimselfbelieved 3 Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface 3 Whenheated icewillbechangedintowater 4 Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday 5 Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech 6 Givenanapple thechildstoppedcrying 7 TheboynamedTomisanorphan adverbial Objectcomplement attribute adverbial Objectcomplement predicative adverbial attribute 例4Astherewasnobody hehadtogoalone There nobody hehadtogoalone Iftimepermits Iwillgotoseeyou Time Iwillgotoseeyou Astheworkedhadbeenfinished hewenttobed Thework hewenttobed being permitting 当存在不同主语时 可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构 独立主格结构 finished 不定式 不定式的作用 例1 makesmehappytofindthekey A ThatB ItC WhatD Whether B 解析 不定式做主语 常用 it 作为形式主语放于句首 常见句型有itisadj forsb todosth 但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是改for为of e g Itisniceofyoutosayso It也可充当形式宾语使用 不定式 B 解析 该题考查疑问 不定式在句中做宾语的用法 英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语 如 tell discuss know show learn decide wonder explain 不定式的作用 不定式 不定式的作用 例3 Youarethethirdone theroom A toenterB enteringC entered A 解析 不定式做定语时为后置定语 常常修饰代词anything something noting 名词way chance opportunity等或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词 注意 Ineedapentowritewith 不及物动词要加介词 B 不定式 解析 因为主语是thepurpose 在 purpose wish promise plan 后常跟不定式 故表语要用不定式 to不能省略 因此构成thepurposeisto notto do句型 故选B 不定式的作用 不定式 不定式的作用 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补 只有少数动词 五个看see watch notice observe lookat 三使役make let have 二听listento hear等 须接不带to的不定式做宾补 但变为被动态后to不可省略 例5 Youarenotallowed thebooksout A takingB totakenC takeD totake D 解析 allow的用法可见allowsb todo和allowdoingsth 当被改为被动态时 为sb beallowedtodo 不定式 不定式的作用 例6 Igotupearlytocatchthebus Hewentoutnevertoreturn Heistooyoungtogotoschool Iamhappytomeetyou A AdverbialofpurposeB AdverbialofresultC Adverbialofreason A B C B D 不定式 解析 该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法 wouldlove like to是固定搭配 因此B C 不合题意 Wouldlove 不定式一般式 表示 想 希望 而接不定式完成式则表示 原本希望而未曾实现 的意思 不定式的时态和语态 例如 ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult B 解析 不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系 被动关系用被动 不定式 C 解析 该题考查不定式的否定式作主补 要注意warn后跟词方式 warnsb nottodosth warnsb againstdoingsth 该题应该用 结构另外 not应放在to之前 不定式的否定形式 V ing形式 A v ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法 Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语 这类分词短语常放在句子的后面 ing表示顺其自然 不定式表示突然 出乎意料 如 解析 Hisparentsdied leavinghimanorphan Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed V ing形式 例2asleepingbabyasleepingbag Ving做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态 用途 特点等 boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedman ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系 反之则用过去分词 V ing形式 例3 Iforgot mynamewhenIfinished thecomposition A tosign towritingB tosign writingC signing writing 有些动词后接todo为宾语 而有些则接ving 比如finish suggest mind practise等 但要注意一下动词forget remember regret try mean等既可以加todo也可加doing 但是意义不同 B 过去分词 1 作状语 C 解析 1 该题考查过去分词作状语的用法 动词 ing或过去分词作状语 其逻辑主语应是主语 2 陷入深思 有两种表达法 A LoseoneselfinthoughtB belostinthought 按句子提供的语境可用结构B 比较 Losinghimselfinthought healmostran 过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语 定语 表语和补语的用法 过去分词 2 作定语 A 过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生 与修饰词是主谓关系 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作 所以A是正确的 Firstplayedin776B C whichwasfirstplayedin776B C 解析 过去分词 3 作表语 C 解析 该题考查分词作表语的用法 topaysb bythehour 计时给某人报酬 此题被动结构作表语 类似的有 getburnt gethurt getwounded 过去分词 4 作补语 该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法 theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系 seesth done这结构常见的还有watch notice observe have和make sth done C 解析 历年高考题 1 Friendshipislikemoney easiermadethan 03上海春 A keptB tobekeptC keepingD beingkept 2 themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement A ThepresidentwillattendB Thepresidenttoattend 03上海春 C ThepresidentattendedD Thepresident sattending 3 Unless tospeak youshouldremainsilentattheconference A invitedB invitingC beinginvitedD havinginvited 03上春 4 Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive 03上海春 A tohaveplayedB toplayC tobeplayedD tobeplaying A D A B 5 Howaboutthetwoofus awalkdownthegarden MET9317 A totakeB takeC takingD tobetaking 6 downtheradio thebaby sasleepinthenextroom MET9324 A TurningB ToturnC TurnedD Turn 7 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer MET9334 A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 8 Imustapologizefor aheadoftime That sallright MET9421 A lettingyounotknowB notlettingyouknowC lettingyouknownotD lettingnotyouknow 9 Ratherthan onacrowdedbus healwaysprefers abicycle NMET9422 A ride rideB riding rideC ride torideD toride riding 10 Themissingboyswerelastseen neartheriver NMET9425 A playingB tobeplayingC playD toplay 11 Thefirsttextbooks forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury NMET9434 A havingwrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD written 12 Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting Well nowIregret that NMET9526 A todob tobedoingC tohavedoneD havingdone 13 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim NMET9535 A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto 14 WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset hernewbicycle 97上海13 A AsshelostB LostC LosingD Becauseoflosing 15 Shecan thelp thehousebecauseshe sbusymakingacake 97上海12 A tocleanB cleaningC cleanedD beingcleaned 16 Shelooksforwardeveryspringto theflower linedgarden 95上海20 A visitB payingavisitC walkinD walkingin 17 Whileshopping peoplesometimecan thelp intobuyingsomethingtheydon treallyneed 96上海14 A topursueB persuadingC beingpersuadedD bepersuaded 18 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult NMET9921 A notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD donotmake 19 Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople 99上海19 A haveitdoB haveitdoneC havedoneitD havingitdone 20 WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor Sorrytomissyou willcalllater NMET9925 A readB readsC toreadD reading 5 Mrs Smithwarnedherhusband afterdrinkingagainandagain A nevertodriveB toneverdriveC neverdrivingD neverdrive 6 Tomasteraforeignlanguage A alotofpracticeisneededB itneedsalotofpracticeC practiceisinneedofD oneneedsalotofpractice 20 Thelibraryneeds butit llhavetowaituntilSunday A cleaningB becleanedC cleanD beingcleaned 4 Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat isbelieving A toseeB seeingC seeD tobeseen 1 Hegaveussomeadviceonhow English A learningB learnedC tolearnD learn 2 It sapayday andtheyarewaiting A payB payingC paidD tobepaid 3 Alettermaybetooslow Whynot atelegram A trysendingB trytosendC totrysendingD tryingtosend 巩固练习 C D A B A D 1 isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold A ThewalkB WalkingC TowalkD Walk 2 Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided 3 Is necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing A thisB thatC itD he 4 Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat isbelieving A toseeB seeingC seeD tobeseen 5 Shepretended theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday A nottoreceiveB notreceivingC nottohearfromD havingnotreceived 6 Ican timagine thatwithsuchafamousauthor A workB toworkC tobeworkingD working Non infinitive 14 Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire allnight A toburnB burnC burningD burned 15 Themurdererwasbroughtin withhishands behindhisback A beingtiedB havingtiedC tobetiedD tied 16 Tomasteraforeignlanguage A alotofpracticeisn