英语课件高考英语定语从句及高考考点分析.ppt

高考第一轮复习专题 定语从句 Attributiveclause 定语从句及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面 2 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有that which who whom whose as等 关系副词有where when why等 定语从句分类 定语从句 TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句 TheNon RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句 一 限制性定语从句的构成 Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege 关系代词关系副词 1 从句的位置 2 从句的翻译 3 从句的构成 先行词之后 的 关系词 注意事项 一 关系代词和先行词的关系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather themachine that theboy who theboy s whose 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系代词的用法 做宾语时可以省略 定语 何时可以省略 关系代词的用法练习 1 Theeggswerenotfresh Iboughtthemyesterday 2 Thefriendwasnothungry Hecametosupperlastnight 3 Heprefersthecheese Itcomesfromhisparent sfarm Theeggs that which Iboughtthemwerenotfresh Thefriendwho thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry Heprefersthecheesethat whichitcomesfromhisparent sfarm 难用的whose Thehouseismine Thewindowofthehouseisbroken Jointhefollowingpairofsentences Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine whose thehouse swindow Thehouseismine thewindowofwhichisbroken ofwhichthewindowisbroken 二 关系副词和先行词的关系 IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling ontheday when inthehouse where forthereasons why 小注 关系副词 介词 先行词 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when指时间 在从句中做时间状语Istillrememberthedaywhen onwhichIfirstcametotheschool 2 where指地点 在从句中做地点状语Shanghaiisthecitywhere inwhichIwasborn 3 why指原因 在从句中做原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhy forwhichyoumissedtheplane 关系副词 介词 关系代词 介词 关系代词的情况 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 注意介词的位置变化 介词 关系代词的情况 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 注意介词的位置变化 介词 关系代词的情况 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 注意介词的位置变化 介词 关系代词的情况 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 可见 who that不能用于介词之后 介词 关系代词的情况4 Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 下面两句中的介词能提前吗 在固定短语中介词不能提前 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebookshepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich underwhich ofwhich 介词 关系代词的情况练习 注意 如何判断介词 1 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 2 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 3 根据介词与先行词搭配 eg Hegavemesomereferencebooks whichIamnotveryfamiliar with 二 非限制性定语从句 3 ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful 4 Kenli whereIlive isbeautiful 1 Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents 2 MrWang whoiskind ispopularwiththestudents Pleasecompare ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful Kenli whereIlive isbeautiful 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确 所以不能省略 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 1 Hefailedintheexam madehisparentsangry 2 Hefailedintheexam madehisparentsangry 3 Hehastwosons Bothof areteachers 4 Hehastwosons bothof areteachers This which whom them that Who that as引导的非限制性定语从句 Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround which as As as具有正如之意 与之搭配的动词一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定语从句在句首时只能用as as和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子 as引导的限制性定语从句 1 ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 as引导的限制性定语从句 2 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 结果状语从句 一 看先行词二 看先行词在从句中所充当的成分 三 关系词的选择 重点 1 Theman cametoourschoolisMr Wang 2 Thegirl ImetisLucy 3 Achild parentsaredeadiscalledTom 4 Ilikethebook youboughtyesterday 主语 who 宾语 that who whom 定语 whose 宾语 that which 5 Iliketheperson youjusttalked 6 Weshallneverforgetthedays wespenttogether 7 Weshallneverthedays welivedtogether 介宾 towhom 宾语 that 状语 when 三 关系词的选择 练习 e g 8 AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild A whichB whereC thatD when9 Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup A thatB whileC whichD when 三 关系词的选择 练习 四 难点分析一 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系 同位语从句补充说明先行词的具体内容 2 定语从句的关系词在句中充当成分 有时可省 同位语从句主要由that引导 在句中不做成分 也可由when where how why whether what等词引导 充当成分 3 同位语从句和先行词一般可用be动词发展成一个完整的句子 而定语从句不可 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1 Thenews that hetoldmeistrue 2 Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue 3 Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney 4 Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve 定语 同位语 定语 同位语 二 区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句 Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时 是定语从句 否则是状语从句 1 Whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions 2 Whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions 五 定语从句高考考点分析 一 关系代词在从句中做主语时 谓语的单复数由先行词决定 eg 1 Themanwho live downstairsspeaksEnglishfluently 2 Thestudentswho be inGrade3aregoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow 3 Heisoneofthestudentswho have finishedthehomework 4 HeistheonlyoneofthestudentsWho have finishedthehomework lives are have has 1 当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时 如 all few little much every something anything everything 等 二 只能用that做关系代词的情况 2 当先行词被theonly thevery thesame little few no any等修饰时 3 当人和物合做先行词时 4 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5 在疑问词who which what开头的句子中 1 Hedidall everything hecouldtohelpme 2 Thisistheverything Iamafter 3 Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings werememberedatschool 4 Heistheonlyman candothework 5 Thisisthefirstthing Iwanttosay 6 Heisthefinestman Ihaveeverworkedwith 7 Whoistheman spoketoyouatthegate 8 Whichisthestar isnearesttotheearth that whichorwho that that that that that that that that 在非限制性定语从句中 三 只用which不用that的情况 在介词后面 先行词是整个分句 e g 1 Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Azooisaparkin manykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition A whatB whichC thatD it that which whose whomorwho 1 Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay madeothersupset 2 Heopenedthedoor infrontof sataboy 3 Themanto Ispokeisafamousscientist 4 Theboy motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather which which whom whose 四 先行词是theway时 1 Theway inwhich that heansweredthequestionwassurprising 注意下面俩个句子的不同 1 Theway that which heexplainedtouswasquitesimple 2 Theway that inwhich heexplainedittouswasnotdifficulttounderstand 历届高考英语定语从句试题精选 1 1 Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay ofcourse madetheotherunhappy 2000 A whoB whichC thisD what 2 Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto Right justtheone youknowIusedtoworkforyears FUJIAN05 A thatB whichC whereD what 3 Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths thesailingtimewas226days GX04 A ofwhichB duringwhichC fromwhichD forwhich 历届高考英语定语从句试题精选 2 4 isoftenthecase wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan JS04 A WhichB WhenC WhatD As5 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears A isB areC havebeenD hasbeen6 York lastyear isaniceoldcity A thatIvisitedB whichIvisitedC whereIvisitedD inwhichIvisited D D B Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 4 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget 去掉 which to theone Correctthesentences 5 IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem 6 I mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme 7 Idon tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend in when that which Correctthesentences 8 ThisisthelasttimewhenI vegivenyoulessons 9 Soontheycametoafarmhouse andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy 10 Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame 11 Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable that that why it Correctthesentences 12 Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold 13 MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool 14 Taiwan thatweknow belongstoChina as gives why Correctthesentences 15 Itistheoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently 16 ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou 17 Whichisknowntoall manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky 18 Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous that has As that Correctthesentences 19 Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom 20 Thestudentwho sbookIhadborroweddidn tcometoschooltoday 21 Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory 22 ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis as Whose that on 定语从句高考点例析 Haveatry 指出关系代词 副词 在定语从句中的成份 1 ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr Wang 2 Thegirl whom ImetisLucy 3 AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom 4 Ilikethebook which youboughtyesterday 主语宾语定语宾语 Haveatry 5 Hisparentswouldn tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor 6 Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked 7 Weshallneverforgetthedays that wespenttogether 8 Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether 定语介宾宾语状语 考点一 that和which 以下情况 引导词用that 不用which 1 先行词为不定代词everything little much all anything nothing e g Finally thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen 2 先行词前有形容词最高级 序数词修饰时 用that e g Thisisthebestbook that I veeverread 考点一 that和which 3 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时 用that e g HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow 4 先行词同时指人和指物时 用that e g Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen 5 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质 概念时 需用that e g Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly 考点二 连接词which的用法 Which引导非限定性定语从句 其先行词可是一个词 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 e g 1 Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Theweatherturnedouttobegood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it BB Good 考点三 介词 关系代词 of which whom 可用来限定名词 代词 分数词 数词等 e g 1 Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp A thatB whoC fromwhomD towhom2 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingthewindows mostof hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear A theseB thoseC thatD which D D 关系代词前介词的确定 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 请体会 e g Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 e g CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI msure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 关系代词前介词的确定 4 非限制性定与从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 关系代词前的介词的确定 5 Whose从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 e g Theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth Canyouworkthemout Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions 1 Thesungivesusheatandlight whichwecan tlive 2 Thestudent whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass 3 I llneverforgettheday whichshesaidgood byetome 4 Whocangivemethereason whichhehasn tturnedupyet for about on without 考点四 关系副词的运用 在限定性和非限定性从句中 when的先行词是时间名词 where的先行词是地点名词 分别在定语从句中做状语 e g 1 AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild A whichB whereC thatD when2 Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup A thatB whileC whichD when BD 考点五 as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句 有时可以互换 但下列情况多用as 1 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时 e g Asweallknow theearthisround 2 当与such或thesame连用时 一般用as e g Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting Ihavethesameplanasyou GoonPlease 3 当从句和主句语义一致时 用as 反之则用which e g Shehasmarriedagain aswasexpected Shehasmarriedagain whichwasunexpected Goonplease 4 as在从句中作主语时 后面常接行为动词的被动语态 如beknown besaid bereported等 如从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般要用which作主语 e g Shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected Tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 4 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget 去掉 which to theone Correc