Unit10-The-Jeaning-of-America.ppt

TheJeaningofAmerica CarinQuinn Unit10 1 Lesson1 Overview Pre readingquestionsBackgroundinformationGettingtoknowthenewwordsGlobalunderstanding 2 Pre readingQuestions Howmanyjeansdoyouhaveinyourwardrobe Doyoulikebluejeans Why Whynot Whatdoyourthinkarethemeritsanddemeritsofjeans Doyouknowanyfamousbrandnamesofjeans 3 SomeFamousDesigners LeeCalvinKleinLEVISWranglerDKNYFAIRWHALEMisssixtyTexwood 4 TypesofJeans Acid washjeansDesignerjeans Double kneedjeansBoot cutjeans 5 TypesofJeans Bell bottomedFlare SkinnySlimfit RelaxfitLoosefit Lowrise Overall Cuffed 6 FashionSet Boot cutJeansTeenagewear 7 CategoriesofFashionDesign Hautecouture Frenchfor high fashion 高级时装Ready to wear Ready to wearcollectionsareusuallypresentedbyfashionhouseseachseasonduringaperiodknownasFashionWeek 成衣Massmarket Themassmarketcatersforawiderangeofcustomers producingready to wearclothesinlargequantitiesandstandardsizes 8 Gettingtoknowthenewwords Pronunciationcheck page190 ConceptvisualizedWordclassificationWordderivationWorddifferentiation 9 ConceptVisualized Hook Loop Rivet 10 Coupling 11 ConceptVisualized Ditch narrowchanneldugatthesideofaroadorfield Lode 排水道 排水沟 矿脉 12 ConceptVisualized Indigo Inseam insideleg Ore 13 ConceptVisualized DudeRanch inthewesternUS acattleranchconvertedtoaholidaycentrefortourists度假牧场 农场 Dude oftenasaformofaddress aman aguy 14 Meaning Use dude amanHe sarealcool Hey what sup ranch alargefarmHewenttoworkona 15 Sundries smallarticlesofvarioustypes 16 ClassificationofWords PeopleofaCertainKindpeddler pedlar小贩deadbeat懒汉lumberjack lumberman伐木工proletariat无产阶级 工人阶级proletarianaristocrat aristocracy贵族bureaucrat官僚 主义者 bureaucracydemocrat 17 ClassificationofWords sturdy tough stiff manlyShoesare usuallywhentheyarenew Withhis legshecouldkeeprunningforhours Only breedsofsheepcanliveinthemountains Helookedso inhisuniform stiff sturdy tough manly 18 ClassificationofWords Nouns areusedtojointhecarriagesofthetraintogether 挂钩 Wedon tuse tosellourproducts 噱头 花招 Itemssuchasenvelopes paper andstampswerelumpedtogetherinthebillas 杂项 杂物 Thetreeisonemeterin 围长 Couplings gimmicks sundries girth perimeter 19 ClassificationofWords NounsThedrainage alongthesidesoftheroadhasbeencovered 沟 渠 Lightshonethrougha underthedoor 切 裂口 Themetalplatesusedinmakingshipsusedtobe together butnowthey reusuallywelded 铆接 ditch slit riveted 20 ClassificationofWords NounsThedoghadbeentrainedtojumpthrough 环 大圈 Hetieda ofropearoundhisarm 环 绳圈 Ihadafishontheendofmy 挂钩 吊钩 loop hook hoop 21 ClassificationofWords Adjectives thenameCambridge therefore ensuing Thereafter hence 22 Meaning Use beckon tocallCitylife smanyacountryboy Thepeddler edmetofollowhim Anentirenewera theeraofknowledgeeconomy is inguson Coffeehouses fast foodjoints andeverykindofrestaurant edustotryeverykindoffood 23 Meaning Use Pacify calmorsoothetheangerordistressof sb 使 某人 安静 息怒 抚慰Hepacifiedhiscryingchildwithabottle Inspiteofmyeffortsto itthebabycontinuedtocry Itwasdifficultforthepoliceto theangrycrowd Hetriedto hiscreditorsbyrepayingpartofthemoney 为安抚债权人他偿还了部分债务 24 Meaning Use Appropriate 盗用 侵吞 拨 专款 Heissuspectedofappropriatinggovernmentfunds Congress d 5millionforInternationalWoman sYear Someoftheoppositionparty spolicieshavebeen dbythegovernment 25 Meaning Use Tear Hetorehisshirtonanail Theboytoreapageoutofthebook Thechildwastornfromitsmother sarms Thiscloth seasily Iraqisnowacountrytornbywar Herheartwastornbygrief 26 Meaning Use Marginal There sonlya differencebetweenthetwoestimates Thisonceimportantsocialgroupisbecomingmoreandmore tothewaythecountryisrun Thestorywillonlybeof interesttoourreaders 27 Meaning Use Legitimate Isthisbusinessstrictly Thearmymustgivepowerbacktothe government Itseemedaperfectly question Politiciansare targetsforsatire legal lawful 28 Meaning Use seekafter totrytogetHispaintingsaremuchsoughtafter Onemustn t aftercomfort personalfameandgains Obviouslytheycamehereto aftertruth Heis ingafter forsomethingtoserveasatable Ourfightersare ingaftertheenemy Thegirlissoughtafterbymyfriend 29 Meaning Use standupto Thiscoatwillnot uptotheseverewinters Thatclothisdesignedto uptoalotofwearandtear Theoldman shealthwillnot uptothecolddampclimate 30 Meaning Use jumpat WhenIheardaboutGmail I edatthechancetogetanaccount Whenhewasinvitedtogoridinginthecountry he edatthechance She edatthechanceofatriptoParis 31 Meaning Use ekeout 补偿不足 弥补 不足They doutapoorexistencebysellingflowers They douttheensuingmonthspennybypenny She doutherwagesbyworkingSundays 32 Meaning Use breakupMeetingshavebeenbrokenup Hedecidedto uphisdullroutineandwentonanadventurearoundtheworld Thepolicebrokeupthefightamongthetwoblackgangs Thecrowdstartedto upwhenthenightfell 33 WordDerivation symbolize symbolic prosperity prosperous pacification pacific stuff stuffy patent patent hook hooked tough toughness tough legitimacy legitimize 34 WordDerivation stiffness stiffen fault fault immigrate boost legendary bureaucratic sundry reliable couple tributary 35 WordDerivation slit loop emigration ment purchase rivet appropriation haul proletarian ness margin manliness 36 WordDifferentiation Boostvs BoomThisnewshasgivensharepricesabig Theunexpectedwin theteam smorale 士气 Thebigtaxcutsfuelledaconsumer Livingstandardsimprovedrapidlyduringthepost war California whengoldwasdiscoveredthere boost boosted boom boom boomed 37 WordDifferentiation Emigrantvs ImmigrantTheshipwasfullof leavingLiverpoolforAustralia Illegal willbesentbacktotheirowncountriesiftheyarecaught Summer nesthere workersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwork emigrants immigrants migrants Migrant 38 WordDifferentiation Dyingvs DyeingThesmalltowniswellknownforitsprintingand industry Iwillrememberittomy days Shelookedafterher motherformonths Thisishisdyingwish Susan herhairblondeyesterday dyeing dying dying dyed 39 WordDifferentiation Stiffvs StuffThisistoo Ican tbenditwithmyhands Theicehasmadeeverything thecushionandthensewupthefinalseam They dbeen themselveswithsnacksallafternoon sotheydidn twantanydinner stiff stiff Stuff stuffing 40 WordDifferentiation Slotvs SlitIputmymoneyinthe andpressedthebuttonbutnothingcameout She opentheenvelopewithaknife He sbeengivenaregularten minute ontheradio Makeasmall ineachchickenbreastandpushinapieceofgarlic slot slot slit slit 41 Word Formation out beyond further defeat soastobebetterthanIcanout argueyouanyday Hehasoutlivedhistwinbrotherbythreeyears He sout grownhisclothes TheywerebusysoIleft Ididn twanttoout staymywelcome 42 Word Formation idio personal distinctKeepingpetsnakesisanidiosyncrasyofhis 癖好 Aperson sparticularuseoflanguageisoftenreferredtoashisidiolect HespeaksinthefamiliarWashingtonidiom 43 Abstraction Nominalization Tonominalizemeanstoformanounfromaverboranadjective Whensuchsuffixesas ness ing tion ity and dom areaddedtoaverboranadjective theycanturntheverboradjectiveintoanabstractnoun Theword jeaning isanabstractionbasedon jean meaningtheprocessofmakingjeanspartoftheAmericanculture 44 BackgroundInformation LeviStrauss 45 GlobalUnderstanding Whatdoyouthinkistheauthor spurposeofwriting TotellhowthebluejeanscameintobeingandhavebecomeanAmericansymbol Whatdoyouthinkischaracteristicofaninvestigativewriting Research basedFactualandobjective 46 AGlobalPicture JeaningofAmerica isaprimeexampleofhowsomethingbecomesAmericanized ThisarticleisaboutLeviStrauss adirtpoorimmigrantwhomadehiswaytoAmerica headedwest foundaneedforanewtypeofclothing madethefirstlevis andtherestishistory Whowouldhavethoughtthatasimple yettoughfabric sewntogether withrivetsreinforcingthepockets couldhavechangedthewaythatsocietydressed 47 AGlobalPicture Thisisapieceofinvestigativewritingwhichexploresthehistoryofthebluejeans oneofAmerica ssymbolstoday Theauthorprovidessomeimportantinformationconcerningwhotheinventorwaswhenandhowthepantscameintobeingwhytheyhavebecomepopularwhattheysymbolize 48 StructureoftheText PartI para 1 StatusofbluejeansPartII para 2 3 IntroductionofLeviStraussPartIII para 4 5 BirthofthefirstbluejeansPartIV para 6 GrowthandpopularityofthebluejeansPartV pa 7 Meritsofthebluejeans 49 Lesson2 Overview WordreviewBackgroundinformationTextanalysis 50 Whichwordmeans StrongandfirmRigidandfirmDefectiveIncreaseDependabilityTocallLawfulBad tempered SturdyStiffFaultyBoostReliabilityBeckonLegitimateMean tempered 51 Whichwordmeans TobuyAthingofvalueAlazyaimlesspersonBarelyadequateTochangeintoToexistlongerthanTotakeforoneselfAfterwardsFollowingTolimitorrestrict PurchaseCommodityDeadbeatMarginalConvertintoOutliveAppropriateThereafterEnsuingConfine 52 WhatdoesitmeaninChinese ProletarianBureaucratPatentCanvasOreAcidRivetCouplingLoopHook 无产阶级的官僚专利帆布矿石酸铆钉 接车钩 挂钩环 绳圈挂钩 53 WordReview Completethefollowingsentences SheiswritingathesisonIrishl andmythology MillionsofGermanse fromEuropetoAmericainthe19thcentury Ourlanguageisnowunderthepressurefromtheu spreadofEnglish AUNforcehasbeensentintotryandp theareaworstaffectedbythecivilwar Heb hertositbutthenignoredher legend emigrated ubiquitous pacify beckoned 54 WordReview Theyhavebeengivenpermissiontorungamblinghalls theonlyl gamblinginthearea Ap willberefusedifdetailsoftheitemhavealreadybeenreleasedtothepublic Thepromiseoflowertaxationmayhavebeenjustanelectiong togainvotes Therewasatremendousc forelaboratehairstylesin1980s Theparty spowerbasewasc tooneprovince legitimate patent gimmick craze confined 55 IdiomReview Whenhewasinvitedtogoridinginthecountry he thechance They apoorexistencebysellingflowers Theoldman shealthwillnot thecolddampclimate Theminister themenwhohadfoughttheearthquake Hewasmuch onaccountofhiswidereadingsandbrilliantconversationalpowers jumpedat ekedout standupto paidtributeto soughtafter 56 IdiomReview He hisdollars poundsuponarrivinginLondon Theman thesmallbranchesbeforecuttingdownthetree They along runninglegalbattlewiththeirneighbours Tropicalplants thejungle Theythrewhimoutbecauseword thathewastakingdrugs convertedinto choppedoff areengagedin aboundin gotaround 57 BackgroundInformation appearingintwovolumes 1835and1840 TheOldRegimeandtheRevolution 1856 Inbothoftheseworks heexploredtheeffectsoftherisingequalityofsocialconditionsontheindividualandthestateinwesternsocieties AlexisdeTocqueville 1805 1859 wasaFrenchpoliticalthinkerandhistorianbestknownforhisbooks DemocracyinAmerica 58 BackgroundInformation N mes 尼姆 para 5 acityinsouthernFrancenotedforitsmanywell preservedRomanremains N meshasarichhistory datingbacktotheRomanEmpire anditisapopulartouristdestination 59 BackgroundInformation Nevada para 5 ItslargestcityisLasVegas Thestate snicknameisthe SilverState duetothelargenumberofsilverdepositsthatwerediscoveredandminedthere wellknownforitseasymarriageanddivorceproceedings entertainment legalizedgamblingandlegalizedactivebrothels 妓院 60 BackgroundInformation SmithsonianInstitute para 7 aUSfoundationforeducationandscientificresearchinWashingtonD C openedin1846originatedina 100 000bequest 遗赠 inthewilloftheEnglishchemistandmineralogistJamesSmithson 1765 1829 nowresponsibleforadministeringmanymuseums artgalleries andotherestablishments 61 SmithsonianInstitute 62 SmithsonianMuseum 63 LanguagePoints Drawadistinction para 1 It simportanttodrawa betweenthepoliciesoftheleadersandtheviewsoftheirsupporters Shedrawsanimportant betweenthedifferentkindsofillness Wedrawno betweenthetwokindsofspelling Authority para 1 Thegovernmentisthehighest inthecountry The iesinSpainhaverefusedtoallowhimtoenterthecountry 64 SentenceHighlight Theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses theyaremerelyAmerican para 1 Theydonotshowdifferencesinthewearers professionsandsocialstatus TheyarejustanAmericansymbol 穿着它们的人不分阶级 不讲究差别 它们只不过是美国的象征 65 LanguagePoints Blackmarket para 1 Gangsarebuyingassault 攻击性的 weaponsontheblackmarket Awomansellingblackmarketcigaretteswasbeatenonthestreet Havebeenaround para 1 havealotofvariedexperienceandunderstandingoftheworldThatguy sbeenaround 那个家伙见过世面 66 SentenceHighlight Yettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworld includingRussia whereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateenagedgangthatwassellingthemontheblackmarketfortwohundreddollarsapair para 1 但它们却几乎在全世界都受到了人们的追捧 包括在俄罗斯 那里的政府当局最近刚刚捣毁了一个少年犯罪团伙 他们在黑市上以200美元一条的高价兜售牛仔裤 67 LanguagePoints Bavaria para 2 巴伐利亚州astateofsouthernGermany formerlyanindependentkingdomTurmoil para 3 stateofconfusionShecouldn tthink hermindwasin a complete Hisassassinationthrewthecountryinto 68 LanguagePoints Takeachance takechances onsth takeone schance s para 3 Theydecidetotakeachancewithweather Althoughheknewtheoddswereagainsthim hedecidedtotakehischancesinthegame Thestoreclosesinhalfanhour Let stakeourchancesandseeifwecanmakeitintime 69 LanguagePoints Themainchance para 3 Mr Brownisadeveloperwithaneyeonthemainchance Ifeelcalledupontodoit thismaybemymainchance 我感到非做不可 这可能是我的大好机会 Push para 3 promotethesaleoruseDon t hertojoininifshedoesn twantto Thecompanyare ingtheirnewproducts Heusedthesalesconferenceto hislatestideas 70 SentenceHighlight Fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddler haulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoortodoortoekeoutamarginalliving para 3 Lowly para 3 lowinstatus humbleShe sbeentoogoodforher position Itwasunheardofforatradesmanofsuch statustothreatenhiscustomersinsuchafashion Fortwoyears heworkedasapeddleroflowsocialstatus draggingheavybagsofvariousarticlesfromdoortodoorandtryingtosellthem Buthecouldbarelymanagetosupporthimself 71 LanguagePoints Boltsofcanvas para 3 largequantitiesofrolledclothTheroomwasstackedwithboltsofcloth Tent para 3 somethingusedformakingsheltersforcampersTherefugeeshadbeenlivinginmakeshift sforayear We edbythelake 72 SentenceHighlight WhenamarriedsisterinSanFranciscoofferedtopayhiswayWestin1850 hejumpedattheopportunity takingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting para 3 1850年 一个婚后居住在旧金山的姐姐给他提供去西部的路费 他立刻抓住了这个机会 随身带了数卷帆布准备卖给那些需要搭建帐篷的居民 73 LanguagePoints Rigor para 4 severeandharshconditionsAtthebeginningstage wesufferedthe soffundraising 最初阶段 我们经受了筹款的艰苦 Theexpeditionsufferedallthe sofaCanadianwinter Onthespot para 4 Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleaveonthe atonce Whenthefightingstartedpoliceandreportersweresoononthe arriveattheplace Thegymteachermadeusdorunningonthe 74 LanguagePoints Golddust para 4 goldintheformofafinepowderGoodcomputerpersonnelarelikegolddust Wordgotaround para 4 wordsspreadWordgotaroundthathewasonthevergeofretirement Thewordgotaroundthathehadresigned 75 LanguagePoints Inbusiness para 4 operating espincommerceTheywillhavetoimportfromoverseastoremainin The15 membercommitteeisexpectedtobein byearlyJune startworking Serge para 5 adurabletwilled 斜纹的 woolenorworsted 精纺的 fabric哔叽Genoa para 5 acityinNorthwestofItaly热那亚 76 BackgroundInformation JacobW DaviswasborninLatvia 拉脱维亚 in1831andcametoNevadain1868 Atailor Davisusedsmallcopperrivetstoreinforceandstrengthenitemsincludingharnesses 马具 In1871 awomanapproachedDavistomakepantsforherhusband whowasquitelarge Davisdecidedtousethecopperrivetstoreinforcethepantsformen Atthetime Davisusedwhiteduck acanvas typematerialhehadboughtfromLeviStrauss CoaSanFranciscomerchant Worriedaboutotherspiratinghisproduct heaskedLeviStrausstosupporthiminapatentapplication HeofferedtosharethepatentrightswiththeSanFranciscocompany 77 BackgroundInformation LeviStraussagreed andthepatentwasgrantedonMay20 1873 Davisnotonlypartneredwiththecompany hemovedhisfamilytoSanFranciscoandbecameproductionmanagerforalineofLevi scopper rivetedclothing apositionhehelduntilhisdeathin1908 78 LanguagePoints Patent para 5 obtainapatentfor aninvention Aninventionisnotyourownuntilitis ed A willberefusedifdetailsoftheitemhavealreadybeenreleasedtothepublic Gimmick para 5 Aqualitynewspapershouldn thavetoresortto slikebingo Thepromiseoflowertaxationmayhavebeenjustanelection togainvotes 79 LanguagePoints Prominence para 6 importanceTheyoungfashiondesignerisrisingto cominginto Shecametonational asanartistinthe1960s Andthelike para 6 Thereisabigsportshallfortennis badminton andthe Heenjoysallkindsofsports running swimming andthe 80 LanguagePoints Craze para 6 anenthusiasmforaparticularactivityTherewasatremendous forelaboratehairstyles Theactorisquitethe 这位演员红极一时 Duderanchcraze theenormousinterestoftheEastersinspendingtheirvacationonranchesintheWestForce para 6 agroupofpeopletrainedforsomekindofactionShejoinedthepolice Asmall ofdoctorsandnurseswasrushedtothesceneofthebigfire TheBritishairfighting iscalledtheRoyalAirForce 81 LanguagePoints Marketing para 6 theactionorbusinessofpromotingandsellingproductsorservices includingmarketresearchandadvertisingWordofmouth para 6 oralcommunicationThatrestaurantiswellknownbywordofmouth Folktalesarestoriespasseddownbywordof generationaftergeneration Alltheordersweregivenbywordof sothatnowrittenevidencecouldbediscoveredlater 82 LanguagePoints Pre washed para 6 washedbythema