阅读理解推断词句意义.ppt

推断词句意义 这类试题的考点包括对生词生义的推测 熟词生义的推测 有隐含意义的句子的意思 以及对that it they them等代词的确指对象的判断等 在高考广东卷每年高考题中有2 3道 提问方式 1 Whatdoestheunderlinedword referto 2 Inthe paragraph theword means refersto 3 Accordingtothepassage probablymeans 4 Theunderlinedphrase mostprobablymeans 5 Theunderlinedword couldbestbereplacedby 6 Whatdoes inthelasttwoparagraphsstandfor 7 asusedinthetextmeans 8 Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword 解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思 另外 注意以下小技巧 1 通过表示接近或递进的and或or等来确定生词的义域 推知它的大致意义 2 通过生词后的定语 表语 同位语 逗号 括号 破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思 3 代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前 后句中 特别是前句 或者前几个句子中 找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上 看一看这句话是否合理 与前后的内容是否一致 然后再判定它是否为正确答案 4 考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词 我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思 那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案 1 如何判断指代关系一般说来 that it they them one等代词的确指内容是在此词的前面 理解上下文 特别是上句 的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键 1 Iregretthattherearesofewcomfortablemeetingplaces You reforcedtoliveindoors InParisIgooutmuchmore torestaurantsandnightclubs Tomeetfriendshereitusuallyhastobeinapub anditcanbedifficulttogotherealoneasawoman Thecafesarenotterriblynice Asawoman Ifeelunsafehere Ispendabomb alotofmoney ontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictrans portafter10p m Iusedtouseit butnowI mafraid 58 Theunderlinedpart it inPara 2 refersto ataxiB themoneyC abombD publictransport D 2 Whilethechangesinthetailwaggingwerenoteasilynoticedwithouttheaidofvideo itwasthoughtthatthefindingscouldhelppeoplejudgethemood 心情 ofdogs Computerandvideosystems forexample couldbeusedbyprofessionaldogtrainerstodeterminethemoodofdogsthattheywererequiredtoapproach 靠近 74 Theunderlinedword they refersto thedogsB thetrainersC thesystemsD theresearchers B 3 Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribesandanalyzespecies ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedupthatprocess 北京 62 Inthelastparagraph thatprocess means A analyzingspeciesB creatinganewtoolC collectingdataD describingspecies C 2 根据转折对比关系推测根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接性词语来推测词义 如表示转折的词有but however otherwise though等 表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike while ontheotherhand inspiteof incontrast等 另外 分号也可以表示转折 对比或不相干的意义 1 Inthefirstcase wherewedon ttelltheclerk acoupleofthingswouldhappen Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief Intheprocess wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself respect Wewouldalsodemonstrate 证明 thatwecannotbetrusted sinceweadvertiseour dishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers Incontrast bringingtheerrortotheclerk sattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable 高尚的 Uponleavingthestore wefeelhonorableandourself respectisincreased Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsofgoodnessandasenseofnobility 48 Thephrase bringingtheerrortotheclerk sattention means A tellingthetruthtotheclerkB offeringadvicetotheclerkC askingtheclerktobemoreattentiveD remindingtheclerkofthechargeditem A 2 Inarecentlypublishedbook Icameacrosssomeexerciseswithinterestingnamessuchasfishbonediagrams lotusflowers andclustering AsIusedtheseexercisesinmyclasses Inoticedthatstudentswereinterested Theysaidmoreandwrotemore Theyenjoyedexpressingtheirideasandsharingthemingroups Theywerenolongerpassivelywaitingforthebell butactivelytookpartinthelesson Ifindthatcreativity 创新 canactasawaytoincreaseparticipationandimprovefluency 68 Theunderlinedwords waitingforthebell inthisparagraphprobablymean longingforaphonecallB hopingtohaveabellC expectingtheendoftheclassD wantingtospeakinclass C 3 根据因果关系推测就是根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思 可能是由表示原因的句意推出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思 即由因推果法 也可能是由表示结果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思 即由果推因法 表示因果关系的有because sothat so such that 等 1 EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt Wedoitwiththebestofintentions Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild IwasalittleworriedthatKristenwouldfeelshewasbeingoutshined 使失色 56 Theunderlinedexpression makeabig todo over paragraph4 means A showmuchconcernaboutB haveaspecialeffectonC listjobstobedoneforD dogoodthingsfor A 2 Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective Eventually itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage bluebecausewethinkofitassafe andwhiteascalm 65 Theunderlinedpart thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff meansthatthecolours attractedthecustomersstronglyB hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD causedthecustomerstoloseinterest D 4 根据下文描述推测就是由下文的阐述或描述来推测前面总述句的意义 从而猜测出总句中的某个词语的意思 1 Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise Leadershipmeanspower commandsrespectand mostimportant encouragesachievement UnlikevitaminC leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown Theymustbecarefullycultivated Differentfrompopularbelief mostgoodleadersaremade notborn Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives Butwhichdotheydevelop Howdothey andhowcanyou getotherstofollow 60 Theunderlinedword cultivated paragraph1 roughlymeans encouragedB comparedC examinedD developed D 2 Lionsareopportunists Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork Whenrestingintheshade theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves Agrownlioncaneasilyeat60poundsofmeatatasinglefeeding Oftentheyeatuntilitseemspainfulforthemtoliedown 64 Bydescribinglionsas opportunists inthefirstparagraph theauthormeanstosaythatlions arecruelanimalsB arecleveranimalsC liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD liketotakeeverychancetoeat C 5 根据上文内容推测就是由上文的阐述或描述来 或上下文之间的逻辑关系 推测后面某句话中某个生词或短语的意义 1 WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal 反常的 mentalstate HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea Iwantedtoknow 69 Theunderlinedphrase turnhisbackon paragraph6 mostprobablymeans leaveforB returntoC giveupD relyon C 2 Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples 涟漪 butiftheykeeponblowing thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves Taylorsaid Wavesareoneofnature swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney 65 Theunderlinedphrase pickingup paragraph2 isclosestinmeaningto startingagainB speedingupC gatheringD improving C 6 根据后面的解释推测就是根据后面的括号中 破折号后面 或者引号中的内容 或者后面的定语从句 以及namely和thatis等后面的内容推测生词或短语的意思 1 Theschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoff eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff 59 Theunderlinedword reluctant inthepassagemayprobablymean kindB unwillingC freeD careless B 2 Withoutexaminations employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem aformoffavouritismwillreplaceequality 82 Theword favouritism inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat A brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB childrenfromwell respected 受尊敬的 schoolstendtohavegoodjobsC poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavouredinjobmarketsD childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess B 7 根据同义关系推测根据生词所处语境中的同义或近义词的意思来推测它的意思 1 RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmos phereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear 64 Theunderlinedphrase moppingup inthesecondparagraphmeans cleaningupB takinginC wipingoutD givingout B 2 Whenpeoplewanttoknowabouttheweather theyusuallygototheirradios TVs newspapers ortotheInternet However youcanalsofindmanyweathersignsamongwildlife becauseoftheirhighlydevelopedsenses Dropsinairpressure 压力 produceaneffectonsmallanimalsinmanyways Miceanddeeraregoodweatherindicators Peoplewhospendalotoftimeoutdoorshaveobservedthat beforeastorm fieldmicecomeoutoftheirholesandrunaround Deerleavehighgroundandcomedownfromthemountains 45 Theword indicators inparagraphIprobablymeans mapsB servicesC signsD stations C 8 根据其它方法推测除了上述着重介绍的7种方法外 还有可以根据并列关系 同类关系 比喻关系 定义关系所举实例 构词法